List of plants endemic to the Appalachian Mountains explained

This is a list of plants that are endemic to the Appalachian mountains of North America.

Significance

The Appalachian mountains of Eastern North America are a biodiversity hotspot.[1] [2] Like other mountains, the Appalachians have high rates of endemism because they create isolated "islands" of unique habitat conditions distant from other, similar habitats. The high elevations of the Appalachians functioned as refugia at the end of the last ice age, and house many relict taxa that were more widespread in Southeastern North America when the climate was cooler.[3] [4] Together with the rugged, heterogenous topography and mild, wet climate, these factors make the Appalachians one of the most biodiverse temperate regions in the world.[5]

List

References

Notes and References

  1. Lendemer . James C. . Tripp . Erin A. . Sheard . John . A review of Rinodina (Physciaceae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park highlights the growing significance of this “island of biodiversity” in eastern North America . The Bryologist . 2014 . 117 . 3.
  2. Ulrey . Christopher . Quintana-Ascensio . Pedro F. . Kauffman . Gary . Smith . Adam B. . Menges . Eric S. . Life at the top: Long-term demography, microclimatic refugia, and responses to climate change for a high-elevation southern Appalachian endemic plant . Biological Conservation . 2016 . 200 . 80-92.
  3. White . Peter S. . Miller . Ronald I. . Ramseur . George S. . The Species-Area Relationship of the Southern Appalachian High Peaks: Vascular Plant Richness and Rare Plant Distributions . Castanea . 1984 . 49 . 2.
  4. Web site: Conserving the Appalachians . The Nature Conservancy.
  5. Web site: Biodiversity of Highlands . highlandsbiological.org . Western Carolina University.
  6. Web site: Beck . Donald E. . Abies fraseri . USDA.gov.
  7. Web site: Aconitum reclinatum . NatureServe Explorer.
  8. Web site: Actaea podocarpa . NatureServe Explorer.
  9. Walck . Jeffrey L. . Baskin . Carol C. . Baskin . Jerry M. . Comparative Achene Germination Requirements of the Rockhouse Endemic Ageratina luciae-brauniae and its Widespread Close Relative A. altissima (Asteraceae) . The American Midland Naturalist . 1997 . 137 . 1.
  10. Web site: Ambrosia porcheri . NatureServe Explorer.
  11. Web site: Appalachian indigo-bush (Amorpha glabra) . Carolina Nature.
  12. Web site: Borodinia serotina . NatureServe Explorer.
  13. Web site: Account for Twisted-hair Spikemoss- Bryodesma tortipilum (A.Braun) Sojak . Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
  14. Huish . Ryan D. . Manow . Melissa . McMullen . Conley K. . Floral Phenology and Sex Ratio of Piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla), a Rare Dioecious Shrub Endemic to the Southern Appalachian Mountains . Castanea . 2015 . 80 . 1.
  15. Web site: Campanula divaricata Michx. . USDA Plants Database.
  16. Web site: Cardamine micranthera . NatureServe Explorer.
  17. Web site: Clematis viticaulis . NatureServe Explorer.
  18. Web site: Clethra acuminata . North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox.
  19. Web site: US Wildflower- White Clinton, Clinton's Lily, Speckled Woodlily . uswildflowers.com.
  20. Web site: Convallaria pseudomajalis (Lily of the valley, Lily-Of-The-Valley) . North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox.
  21. Web site: Corallorhiza bentleyi . fs.usda.gov.
  22. Web site: Account for Branched Draba- Draba ramosissima Desvaux . Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
  23. Web site: Mountain Fetterbush (Eubotrys recurva) . carolinanature.com.
  24. Web site: US Wildflower- Appalachian Joe Pye Weed, Steele's Eupatorium, Steele's Joe Pye Weed - Eurotrichum steelei . uswildflowers.com.
  25. Web site: Eurybia chlorolepis . uwaterloo.ca. 2 April 2013 .
  26. Web site: Eurybia saxicastelli . NatureServe Explorer. 2 April 2013 .
  27. Web site: Gentiana austromontana . NatureServe Explorer.
  28. Web site: Gymnocarpium appalachianum . NatureServe Explorer.
  29. Web site: Ilex collina . NatureServe Explorer.
  30. Web site: Liatris helleri, Heller's blazing star . fs.usda.gov.
  31. Web site: Lilium grayi . NatureServe Explorer.
  32. Web site: US wildflower- Fringed Phacelia, White Fringed Phacelia, Fringed Scorpion-Weed, Blue Ridge Phacelia, Mountain Phacelia- Phacelia fimbriata . uswildflowers.com.
  33. Web site: Pycnanthemum beadlei . NatureServe Explorer.
  34. Web site: Stachys subcordata . Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora.
  35. Web site: Taenidia montana . NatureServe Explorer.
  36. Web site: Account for Blue Ridge Blueberry- Vaccinium altomontanum Ashe . Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
  37. Web site: Viola appalachiensis . NatureServe Explorer.