There are various types of places where Buddha stayed. The most important kind are those monasteries which were given for his (or the Sangha's) use. Also, sometimes he was invited to stay in someone's garden or house, or he just stayed in the wilderness (a forest without owner). All these places are located in the Gangetic Plain (located in Northern India and Southern Nepal).
Owned by the Sangha. Originally offered to Buddha and/or the Sangha.
Buddha used to stay there as a guest in someone's garden or forest
Thullakotthika
Kammassadhamma
These places had no owner, and generally nobody lived there.
- Mahabodhi tree and surroundings
[1] - Gayasisa hill
- Andhavana
- Simsapavana
- Grove of Champaka-trees
Parileyyaka
- Rakkhitavanasanda: Bhaddasala tree
- Anjanavana
- Beluvagama village
- Gundavana
And many other places...
Alavi:[2]
Bhaddiya
Kimbila
Rajagaha (Other places):
Sutras in the Buddhist Canon often begin with a statement of location, as in this arbitrary example from the "Parābhava Sutta" from the Sutta Nipata:For more detailed references, try checking the Wikipedia article (if it exists) for the specific location.