List of places in Germany named after people explained

This is a list of inhabited places in Germany which are named after people. The etymology is generally referenced in the article about the person or the place.

A

• Adelheidsdorf (state of Lower Saxony) – Queen Adelaide of Hanover, Great Britain and Ireland (est. in 1831 in drained former Wietzenbruch swamp)
• Adolf-Wenz-Siedlung (State of Bavaria) - Adolf Wenz (1840-1927), businessman
• (state of Lower Saxony) – Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, Viceroy of Hanover (est. 1800, incorporated into Grasberg in 1974.)^[1]
• Agathenburg (state of Lower Saxony) – Agathe von Leesten/Lehsten, wife of Bremen-Verden's general governor Hans Christoff von Königsmarck.^[2]
• Annaburg (state of Saxony-Anhalt) – Princess Anna of Denmark and Norway (1532–1585), electress consort of Augustus the Strong^[3]
• Augsburg (state of Bavaria) – Roman Caesar Augustus^[4]
• Augustdorf (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Simon August, Count of Lippe-Detmold (est. 1779, named after the count in 1789).
• Augustendorf (state of Lower Saxony) – Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, consort of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, Viceroy of Hanover (est. 1827, incorporated into Gnarrenburg in 1974.)^[5]
• Augustusburg (state of Saxony) – Augustus, Elector of Saxony^[6]

B

• Bad Karlshafen (state of Hesse) – Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel^[7]
• Bad Wilhelmshöhe (state of Hesse) – William I, Elector of Hesse (a quarter of today's Kassel)^[8]
• Benediktbeuern (state of Bavaria) – Benedict of Nursia
• Borsigwalde (state of Berlin) – engineer August Borsig (est. 1898, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920.)^[9]
• Brunswick (state of Lower Saxony) – Bruno, Duke of Saxony^[10]

C

• Cäciliengroden (state of Lower Saxony) – Princess Cecilia of Sweden (1807–1844), grand duchess consort to Grand Duke Frederick Augustus I of Oldenburg (est. 1844 and settled 1938/39, incorporated into Sande in Frisia)
• Carlsburg (state of Bremen) – Charles XI of Sweden (est. 1672, incorporated into Bremerhaven in 1827)
• Charlottenburg (state of Berlin) – Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, queen consort of King Frederick I of Prussia (est. 13th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[11]
• Christian-Albrechts-Koog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (since 1974 a part of Galmsbüll)
• Clemenshammer (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Clemens auf dem Hammer, purchaser of ironworks in 1580 (est. before 1580, incorporated into Remscheid in 1929)
• Cologne (state of North Rhine-Westphalia; German: link=no|Köln, Latin: [[Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]], CCAA) – Roman Emperor Claudius and Agrippina the Younger, empress consort (lit. Claudian colony and sacrificial altar of the Agrippinensians)^[12]
• Constance (state of Baden-Württemberg; German: link=no|Konstanz) – Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus

D

• Dorotheenstadt (state of Berlin) – Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Holstein, electress consort of Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg (est. 1674, incorporated into Berlin on 1 January 1710)^[13]
• Dr.-Kurt-Fischer-Siedlung (State of Saxony) - Kurt Fischer (1900-1950), politician

E

• Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Elisabeth Sophie Desmercières, wife of Jean Henri Desmercières, financier of the polder and dike constructions
• Erichsburg (state of Lower Saxony) – Eric II, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, founded in the 16th century by his father Eric I, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, who named it after his son.
• Erkelenz (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Roman real proprietor Herculentiacus
• Ernst-Braune-Siedlung (state of Saxony) - Ernst Braune (1853-1942), social democratic politician
• Ernst-Thälmann-Siedlung (state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) - Ernst Thälmann

F

• Ferdinandshof (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia
• Findorf (state of Lower Saxony) –, Moor Commissioner in charge of drainage, cultivation and colonisation of moorlands (est. 1780, incorporated into Gnarrenburg in 1974)
• Franzburg (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – Francis, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Gifhorn line) (est. 1587 by Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania and named in honour of his father-in-law.)^[14]
• Friedrichsfelde (state of Berlin) – Prince-Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg (est. 13th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[15]
• Friedrichshafen (state of Baden-Württemberg) – King Frederick of Württemberg
• Friedrichshagen (state of Berlin) – King Frederick II, the "Great", of Prussia (est. 1753, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Friedrichshain (state in Berlin) – King Frederick II, the "Great", of Prussia
• Friedrichskoog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – King Frederick VII of Denmark
• Friedrichsruh (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Count Frederick Charles Augustus of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Sternberg and Schwalenberg (est. 1763)
• Friedrichstadt (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (est. 1621)
• Friedrichstadt (state of Berlin) – King Frederick I of Prussia (est. 1688, incorporated into Berlin on 1 January 1710)^[16]
• Friedrichsthal (state of Brandenburg) – King Frederick II, the "Great", of Prussia, now a component locality of Gartz
• Friedrichsthal (state of Brandenburg) – King Frederick I of Prussia, now a component locality of Oranienburg
• Friedrichsthal (state of Saarland) – Frederick Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler (est. 1723)
• Friedrichswalde (state of Brandenburg) – King Frederick II, the "Great", of Prussia
• Friedrichswerder (state of Berlin) – Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg (est. 1662, incorporated into Berlin on 1 January 1710)^[17]
• Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Minister-President Friedrich-Wilhelm Lübke of Schleswig-Holstein
• Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt (state of Berlin) – King Frederick William III of Prussia (est. after 1710, a locality of Berlin from the beginning)^[18]

G

• Galmsbüll/Danish: Galmesbøl/North Frisian: Galmsbel (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Saint Gall (first mentioned in the 13th century)
• Georgensgmünd (state of Bavaria) – George the Martyr
• Georgenthal (state of Thuringia) – George the Martyr
• Georgsdorf (state of Lower Saxony) – George V of Hanover (est. 1775, named in 1890 in memory of the king)
• Georgsmarienhütte (state of Lower Saxony) – King George V of Hanover and Duchess Mary of Saxe-Altenburg, the queen consort
• Giesensdorf (state of Berlin) – a certain Ghiselbrecht, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 13th century (incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Gustavsburg (state of Hesse) – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (est. 1632, merged into Ginsheim-Gustavsburg in 1808)
• Gropiusstadt (State of Berlin) - Walter Gropius

H

• Hedwigenkoog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden
• Heinrichswalde (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – Christoph Ludwig Henrici^[19]
• Hermsdorf (state of Berlin) – a certain Herman, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) around 1200 (incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Hildesheim (state of Lower Saxony) – farmer Hildwin (landowner in the 10th century)^[20]
• Hindenburg, Saxony-Anhalt – Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany

J

• Joachimsthal in Brandenburg (state of Brandenburg) – Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg^[21]
• Johanngeorgenstadt (state of Saxony) – John George I, Elector of Saxony
• Johannisthal (state of Berlin) – Johann Wilhelm Werner, councillor of the electoral chamber (financial department), (est. 18th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[22]
• Juliers (state of North Rhine-Westphalia; Latin: Iuliacum, German: link=no|Jülich) – Julius Caesar^[23]
• Jürgensgaard/Jørgensgård (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – George the Martyr (incorporated into Flensburg in 1900.)
• Jürgenstorf (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – a certain Jürgen, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 13th century

K

• Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – German Emperor William I
• Karlsburg in Hither Pomerania (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – feudal landlord Carl von Bismarck
• Karlsruhe (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Margrave Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach^[24]
• Karolinenkoog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Princess Caroline of Denmark
• Kilianstädten (state of Hesse) – Irish Franconian apostle Saint Kilian (incorporated into today's Schöneck in Hesse in 1971)
• Kronprinzenkoog (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark
• Kaiserslautern (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

L

• Leopoldshafen (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden (originally Schröck, first mentioned in 1160, renamed on 4 June 1833)
• Leopoldshagen (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (est. 1748, named 1752)
• Leopoldshöhe (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Leopold II, Prince of Lippe
• Leverkusen (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – pharmacist Carl Leverkus
• Ludwigsau (state of Hesse) – Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse
• Ludwigsburg (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg
• Ludwigsfelde (state of Brandenburg) – Ernst Ludwig von der Gröben (1703–1773), president of the chamber (financial department) of Kurmark
• Ludwigshafen upon Lake Constance (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden
• Ludwigshafen upon Rhine (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) – King Louis I of Bavaria
• Ludwigshöhe in the Palatinate (state of Rhineland-Paltinate) – King Louis I of Bavaria^[25]
• Ludwigshöhe in Rhenish Hesse (state of Rhineland-Paltinate) – Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
• Ludwigslust (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – Duke Christian Louis II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Ludwigsstadt (state of Bavaria) – a certain Ludewich, bailiff in 1269
• Luisenstadt (state of Berlin) – Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of King Frederick William III of Prussia (est. 16th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 January 1710)^[26]
• Luisenthal (state of Thuringia) – Louise Dorothy of Saxe-Meiningen, duchess consort of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

M

• Mariendorf (state of Berlin) – Mary of Nazareth (est. 13th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Marienfelde (state of Berlin) – Mary of Nazareth (est. 13th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Maxau (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Prince Maximilian of Baden (son of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden)
• Maxdorf (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) – King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (est. mid-18th century, named after the king in 1819)
• Maxhafen (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels, prince-archbishop-elector of Cologne, duke of Westphalia and prince-bishop of Münster (est. c. 1771, incorporated into Wettringen in the Münsterland)
• Maxhütte (state of Bavaria) – Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria
• Maximiliansau (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) – Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria (1858 a locality of Pfortz was named after the king, in 1938 the name of the locality was adopted for entire Pfortz, incorporated into the city of Wörth upon Rhine in 1979)
• Moritzburg (state of Saxony) – Maurice, Elector of Saxony

N

• Neuhardenberg (state of Brandenburg) – chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg^[27]
• Neu Sankt Jürgen (state of Lower Saxony) – George the Martyr (incorporated into Worpswede in 1974)
• Nikolassee (state of Berlin) – Bishop Nicolas of Myra, (est. 1901, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[28]
• Nikolskoë (state of Berlin) – Tzar Nicholas I of Russia, (est. 1819, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[29]
• Nordgeorgsfehn (state of Lower Saxony) – George IV of Hanover and the United Kingdom (est. 1825, incorporated into Uplengen in 1973)

O

• Oederquart (state of Lower Saxony) – a certain Oderick, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 12th century^[30]
• Oranienbaum (state of Saxony-Anhalt) – Princess Henriette Catherina of Orange-Nassau, princess consort of John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
• Oranienburg (state of Brandenburg) – Princess Luise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, electress consort of Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg^[31]
• Ottobrunn (state of Bavaria) – Othon, King of the Hellenes
• Otto-Suhr-Siedlung (State of Berlin) - Otto Suhr (1894-1957), Mayor of Berlin

P

• Paulinenaue (state of Brandenburg) – Pauline von Bardeleben (1811–1884), bride of the patrimonial landlord Friedrich Wilhelm von Knoblauch (1798–1852)
• Philippinenburg (state of Hesse) – Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt, second wife of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel (est. 1778, incorporated into Wolfhagen in 1971)
• Philippinendorf (state of Hesse) – Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt, second wife of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel (est. 1778, incorporated into Wolfhagen in 1971)
• Philippinenthal (state of Hesse) – Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt, second wife of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel (est. 1778, incorporated into Wolfhagen in 1971)
• Philippsburg (state of Baden-Württemberg) – Prince-Bishop Philipp Christoph von Sötern, Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
• Philippsthal upon Werra (state of Hesse) – Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
• Pirmasens (state of Rhineland-Palatinate) – monk Pirminius

R

• Ratzeburg (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Prince Ratibor (11th century)
• Reinickendorf (state of Berlin) – a certain Reineke, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 13th century (incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Reußenköge (state of Schleswig-Holstein) – Count Heinrich XLIII of Reuß-Schleiz-Köstritz and his wife Louise, who financed the polders
• Rixdorf (state of Berlin) – a certain Richard, the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in 1360 (incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Röntgental (state of Brandenburg) – physicist Wilhelm Röntgen, inventor of the X-ray^[32]

S

• Saarlouis (state of Saarland) – King Louis XIV of France
• Sankt Augustin (state of North Rhine-Westphalia) – Augustine of Hippo
• Sankt Pauli (state of Hamburg) – (Saul) Paul of Tarsos
• Schmargendorf (state of Berlin; antiq. (de)s Margreven Dorp, Smargendorp, lit. the Margrave's Village) – Margrave John I of Brandenburg, (est. in the 13th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Schrötersdorf (state of Lower Saxony) – astronomer Johann Hieronymus Schröter (est. 1805, incorporated into Lilienthal in 1974)
• Siemensstadt (state of Berlin) – engineer Werner von Siemens (est. 1899, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Südgeorgsfehn (state of Lower Saxony) – George IV of Hanover and the United Kingdom (est. 1825, incorporated into Uplengen in 1973)

T

• Trier (state of Rhineland-Palatinate; Latin: Augusta Treverorum) – Augustus (lit. City of Augustus in the lands of the Treveri people)^[33]

U

• Ulrichshusen (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) – feudal landlord Ulrich von Moltzan (now a part of Schwinkendorf)

V

• Veitshöchheim (state of Bavaria) – Vitus
• Viereck (state of Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania) –, Prussian state minister in charge of colonists in the monarchy (est. in 1748, renamed in 1751)

W

• Waldensberg (state of Hesse) – merchant Peter Waldo, precursor of the Protestant Reformers (est. 1699, incorporated into Wächtersbach in 1971)
• Wedding (state of Berlin) – feudal landlord Rudolf de Weddinge (est. 13th century, incorporated into Berlin in 1861)
• Wilhelmsburg (state of Hamburg) – Duke George William of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Prince of Lüneburg (est. 1672, incorporated into Harburg-Wilhelmsburg in 1927)
• Wilhelmsdorf in Middle Franconia (state of Bavaria) – George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
• Wilhelmsdorf upon Saale (state of Thuringia) – a certain Wilhelm, probably the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 14th century
• Wilhelmsdorf in Württemberg (state of Baden-Württemberg) – King William I of Württemberg
• Wilhelmshaven (state of Lower Saxony) – King William I of Prussia, later also German Emperor (lit. William's harbour)
• Wilmersdorf (state of Berlin) – a certain Wilhelm, probably the locator (chief settler, who gathered interested colonists) in the 13th century (incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)
• Wittenau (state of Berlin) – mayor, (est. 14th century, incorporated into Berlin on 1 October 1920)^[34]

Z

• Zeppelinheim (state of Hesse) – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (est. 1 January 1938, incorporated into Neu-Isenburg in 1977.)^[35]

Former names

• Horst-Wessel-Stadt (locality of Berlin) was the name of Berlin-Friedrichshain from 1933 to 1945 – Horst Wessel^[36]
• Karl-Marx-Stadt (state of Saxony) was the name of Chemnitz from 1953 to 1990 – Karl Marx^[37]
• Katharinenthal (state of Hesse) was the name of Wilhelmsthal from 1807 to 1813 – Catharina of Württemberg, Queen consort of Westphalia^[38]
• Maczków (state of Lower Saxony) was the name of Haren upon Ems between 4 June 1945 and 10 September 1948 – Stanisław Maczek^[39]
• Marxwalde (state of Brandenburg) was the name of Neuhardenberg from 1949 to 1990 – Karl Marx^{[27] [37]}
• Napoléonshöhe (state of Hesse) was the name of Bad Wilhelmshöhe (a quarter of today's Cassel) – Napoléon Bonaparte^[40]
• Pottsfehn (state of Lower Saxony) was the name of Hüllenerfehn (since 1973 a part of Ihlow in East Frisia) – Rudolf Pott, founder^[41]
• Stalinstadt (state of Brandenburg) was the name of Eisenhüttenstadt from 1953 to 1961 – Joseph Stalin^{[37] [42]}

See also

• List of places named after people
  • List of country subdivisions named after people
  • List of islands named after people
• Buildings and structures named after people
  • List of eponyms of airports
  • List of convention centers named after people
  • List of railway stations named after people
• Lists of places by eponym
• List of eponyms
• Lists of etymologies

Notes and References

1. Cf. "Über Adolphsdorf", on: Adolphsdorf: Das freundliche Dorf im Teufelsmoor, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
2. Peter von Kobbe, Geschichte und Landesbeschreibung der Herzogthümer Bremen und Verden: 2 parts, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1824, part 1, p. 28, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
3. Cf. "Annaburger Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 1: 'A–Fre', p. 143.
4. Rudolf Köster,Eigennamen im deutschen Wortschatz: Ein Lexikon, Berlin et al.: de Gruyter, 2003, p. 11. .
5. Cf. "Geschichte", on: Augustendorf, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
6. Cf. Rico Werner, "Schloss Augustusburg – das Jagdschloss des Kurfürsten August" (5 October 2012), on: Sachsen-Blogger, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
7. Cf. "Karlshafener Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 428.
8. Cf. "Wilhelmshöher Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 4: 'Schö–Z', p. 386.
9. Cf. "Borsigwalder Weg" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 1: 'A–Fre', p. 291.
10. Otto von Heinemann, Geschichte von Braunschweig und Hannover, Gotha: Perthes, 1883, p. 100.
11. Cf. "Charlottenburger Chaussee" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 1: 'A–Fre', p. 361.
12. Cf. "Kölner Damm" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 501.
13. Cf. "Dorotheenstadt", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
14. Cf. "Franzburger Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 1: 'A–Fre', p. 577.
15. Cf. "Friedrichsfelder Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 17.
16. Cf. "Friedrichstadt", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
17. Cf. "Friedrichswerder", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
18. Cf. "Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
19. In 1729 Henrici, a general leaseholder (Generalpächter) of royal demesnes, proposed to establish the new settlement later named after him. Preparations, clearing forest, started in 1730 and were finished in 1736. In 1737 King Frederick William I of Prussia visited the new Vorwerk Muckenhorst and spontaneously renamed it after Henrici. Cf. Kurt Haase, "Das vorpommersche Amt Königsholland 1730–1818", in: Baltische Studien, New series vol. 66 (vol. 112 of the complete series), 1980, pp. 37–79, here p. 52, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
20. Cf. "Hildesheimer Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', pp. 276seq.
21. Cf. "Joachimsthaler Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 369.
22. Cf. "Johannisthaler Chaussee" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 375.
23. Cf. "Jülicher Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', pp. 383seq.
24. Cf. "Karlsruher Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 2: 'Fri–Len', p. 430.
25. Cf. "Ludwigshöheweg" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 3: 'Leo–Schö', p. 65.
26. Cf. "Luisenstadt", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 21 April 2014.
27. Cf. Brandenburg, Gerhard Vinken et al. (compil.) on behalf of the Dehio-Vereinigung (ed.), Munich and Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, (Georg Dehio – Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler; vol. Brandenburg), p. 698. .
28. Cf. "Nikolassteig" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 3: 'Leo–Schö', p. 248.
29. Cf. "Nikolskoër Weg" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 3: 'Leo–Schö', p. 249.
30. Adolf Hofmeister, Besiedlung und Verfassung der Stader Elbmarschen im Mittelalter: 2 parts, Hildesheim: Lax, 1979-1981, (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Historische Landesforschung der Universität Göttingen; vols. 12 and 14), part I: 'Die Stader Elbmarschen vor der Kolonisation des 12. Jahrhunderts' (1979), p. 82.
31. Cf. "Oranienburger Chaussee" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 3: 'Leo–Schö', p. 281.
32. Cf. "Röntgentaler Weg" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 3: 'Leo–Schö', p. 483.
33. Cf. "Trierer Platz" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 4: 'Schö–Z', p. 232.
34. Cf. "Wittenauer Straße" (entry), in: Lexikon – Alle Berliner Straßen und Plätze: Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart: 4 vols., Berlin: Neues Leben/Edition Luisenstadt, 1998, vol. 4: 'Schö–Z', p. 415.
35. [Jakob Sprenger]
36. Cf. "Wessel, Horst Ludwig", on: Bezirkslexika von A-Z, retrieved on 22 April 2014.
37. Hartmut Schmidt, "Entwicklung und Formen des offiziellen Sprachgebrauch der ehemaligen DDR", in: Sprachgeschichte: Ein Handbuch der Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und ihrer Erforschung, Werner Besch (ed.), (=Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft; vol. 2), Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 2000, pp. 2016–2036, here p. 2032. .
38. Claudia Hattendorff, "Marianne Heinz / Sabine Thümmler: König Jérôme (1807-1813): Was er zurückließ, was er mitnahm" (review; December 2010), on: Sehepunkte: Rezensionsjournal für die Geschichtswissenschaften, retrieved on 22 April 2014.
39. Jürgen Hobrecht, "Als Haren Maczków hieß" (link), in: Die Zeit No. 21 (19 May 1995), Beilage Lebensart, retrieved on 22 April 2014.
40. Cf. "Die Wilhelms- wird zur Napoleonshöhe: Temporäre Umbenennung nach «König Lustik»", on: mhk · Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel, retrieved on 22 April 2014.
41. Cf. "Ihlowerhörn" (section 'Aus der Geschichte Hüllenerfehns'), on: Ihlow: Wald – Wasser – Weite, retrieved on 22 April 2014.
42. Cf. Brandenburg, Gerhard Vinken et al. (compil.) on behalf of the Dehio-Vereinigung (ed.), Munich and Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, (Georg Dehio – Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler; vol. Brandenburg), p. 260. .