List of place names of German origin in the United States explained

Relatively few place names in the United States have names of German origin, unlike Spanish or French names. Many of the German town names are in the Midwest, due to high German settlement in the 1800s. Many of the names in New York and Pennsylvania originated with the German Palatines (called Pennsylvania Dutch), who immigrated in the 18th century.

The entry of the United States into World War I was followed by anti-German sentiment, and local names were often changed to reflect this. Only one U.S. city with a German name has a population of greater than 100,000. Non-German city names with the suffix "-burg," which in English is partly an altered form the native English suffix -burgh and also partly derived from the related German word, "Burg," meaning "castle", is common for town and city names throughout the United States, such as Spartanburg, South Carolina and were not included.

Place name	State	Origin/notes
		Named after Altdorf, Switzerland.^[1]
		Named after Altdorf, Switzerland.^[2]
		Named after Saxe-Altenburg.^[3]
		A blend of "Ana", after the nearby Santa Ana River, and heim, a common Germanic place name compound originally meaning "home".^[4]
		Named after the Principality of Anhalt.^[5]
		Named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.^[6]
		Named after Augsburg, Germany.
		Named after formerly German-settled Slavkov u Brna.
		Named after Baden.
		Named after the Baden region.
		Named after the German town of Baden-Baden.^[7]
		Named after William Seaborn Bamberg, whose grandfather was an immigrant from Germany.^[8]
		Named after the region of Bavaria in Germany.^[9]
Bavaria	Wisconsin	Named after the region of Bavaria in Germany.
Bern	Wisconsin	Named after the region of Bavaria in Germany, with German Bayern adjusted to English spelling.
Biron	Wisconsin	Named after the region of Bavaria in Germany, with German Bayern adjusted to English spelling.
		Named after the region of Bavaria in Germany.
		Named after the Beckemeyer family.^[10]
		The former name of Ault, Colorado.
		Founded by Andreas Engel, an Austrian immigrant. It means "mountain home" in German.^[11]
		The former name of Genevra, California.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin. It is now a ghost town.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		An unincorporated community known as Berlin until 1919, and the name remains prominent in the area despite it now officially being named Marne.
		The former name of Otoe, Nebraska, anti-German sentiment extended to a town that bore the name of Germany's capital. A 1918 series of fires that destroyed a block of the town's main street was attributed to anti-German crusaders. In October 1918, less than a month before the war's end, the town's name was changed to its current Otoe.^[12] Berlin Precinct was left unchanged, however.^[13]
Berlin	Nevada	A ghost town named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin	New Hampshire	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin	New Jersey	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin	New York	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin	North Dakota	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin, Holmes County	Ohio	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin, Williams County	Ohio	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
Berlin	Oregon	Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		An unincorporated town named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		An unincorporated community named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Named after the German capital city, Berlin.
		Was settled by Mennonite Swiss immigrants, who named it after the capital city of Switzerland, Bern.^[14]
		Originally spelt "Bern," the town was initially settled by German Palatine refugees.
		Named after the city of Bern by its first settler, a Swiss immigrant.^[15]
		Named for Bingen am Rhein in 1892 by founder P. J. Suksdorf^[16]
		Named after Anton Birkenfeld, a German immigrant who founded the community in 1910.^[17]
		Named after Otto von Bismarck, the first chancellor of the German Empire.
		In order to be closer to a nearby railroad, the town of Franklin moved onto land donated by Charles S. Young and Dr. John B. Holloway. Young renamed the town after Otto von Bismarck, a subject of his admiration.^[18]
		In an attempt to attract German immigrants to the nearby St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, the city was named after German chancellor Otto von Bismarck.^[19] During World War I, a group of citizens who saw the name as "un-American" petitioned to change the name of the city to "Loyal," but the proposal was rejected by most of the city's residents and the original name remained.^[20]
		In 1873, the Northern Pacific Railway renamed the city as Bismarck, in honor of German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Railroad officials hoped to attract German immigrant settlers to the area and German investment in the railroad.^[21]
		Named after Ludwig Börne.^[22]
		Named after Solomon Brandenburg.^[23]
		Named after Reverend P. O. Brandt, a man of German descent.^[24]
		Named after Bremen, Germany.^[25]
		Named after Bremen, Germany. It was initially named "Kramer" after a German immigrant who ran a local vineyard. Eventually, Kramer himself requested the town be renamed to "Bremen" in honor of the German city.^[26]
		Named after Bremen, Germany due to many of the early settlers being German natives.^[27]
		Settled by German immigrants, who named it after Bremen, Germany
		Mostly settled by German immigrants, who named it after Bremen, Germany when the town was incorporated on February 19, 1828.^[28]
		Named after Bremen, Germany.
		Named after Bremen, Germany.^[29]
		Named after Bremen, Germany.^[30]
		Named after Bremen, Germany.
		Planned and named by German immigrant and Seattle entrepreneur William Bremer in 1891
Breslau	Nebraska	Named after Breslau, Prussia.^[31]
Breslau		Named after Breslau, a previously-German city in Silesia.
Breslau	Texas	Named after Breslau, a previously-German city in Silesia.
		Named after Brunswick-Lüneburg, a now-defunct sovereign duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, due to the fact that was held by the British Kings of the House of Hanover.
		Named after Brunswick-Lüneburg, a now-defunct sovereign duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, due to the fact that was held by the British Kings of the House of Hanover.
		Named after the Bohemian spa town of Karlsbad^[32]
		Named after Kassel, Germany.
		Named after the Volga German town of Katharinenstadt.^[33]
		Originally named "Diamond." It was renamed after a stallion who in turn was named after the district of Coburg in Bavaria, from which it was imported.^[34]
		Named after Cologne, (Köln), Germany.^[35]
Colmar	Illinois	Named after Colmar, an Alsatian city historically inhabited by Germans.
Cottbus	Missouri	Second largest city in Brandenburg.^[36]
Darmstadt	Indiana	Named by German immigrants after Darmstadt, Germany.^[37]
Darmstadt	Illinois	Named after Darmstadt, Germany.^[38]
Danube	New York	Named after the Danube River (German: Donau) in the 18th century by German Palatine immigrants.
Danzig	North Dakota	Named after Danzig, Prussia.^[39]
DeKalb County	Alabama	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
DeKalb County	Georgia	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
DeKalb County	Illinois	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
DeKalb County	Indiana	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
DeKalb County	Missouri	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
DeKalb County	Tennessee	Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), a German soldier who fought on the side of the Americans in the Revolutionary War.
		Named after Detmold, Germany.
		Named after Michael Dieterich, a German-American.^[40]
		Named after Dissen, Germany.^[41]
		Named after George B. Dresbach, a German-American politician.^[42]
		Named after Dresden, Germany.
		Named after Dresden, Germany.
		Named after Dresden, Germany.
		Established by the Berlin Society in the 1830s and named after the village of Dutzow in the municipality of Kneese, Germany, due to it being the ancestral home of one of its first settlers, a German named Johann Wilhelm Bock.^[43]
East Berlin	Pennsylvania	Named after Berlin, Germany.
		Named for Elbe River by founder Henry C. Lutkens
		Named after the formerly Prussian city of Elbing (Polish: Elbląg). Other suggested namesakes were Danzig and Marienburg, both also in Prussia at the time.
		Founded in 1885 and named after Henry Elmendorf, a German Texan (German: Deutschtexaner) and the former mayor of San Antonio.^[44]
		Because many of its residents immigrated from German villages along the Ems river, it was named after Emden, Germany.^[45]
		Named after a local post office established in 1888, which itself was named after Emden, Germany.^[46]
		Possibly from the German phrase "End der Line," meaning "end of the line."^[47]
		Named after a nearby farm which was founded in 1765 by Johannes Georg Hocker.
		Named after the Parisian bank Emile Erlanger & Co. that was founded by Frédéric Émile d'Erlanger (born Friedrich Emil Erlanger), a German-French banker originally from Frankfurt.
		Named after Albert Felix Etter, the locality's founder and a horticulturalist known for his work on strawberry and apple varieties.^[48] Etter was the son of a German-speaking Swiss immigrant named Benjamin Etter.^[49]
		Named after Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel).^[50] The Duke was born in Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
		A German Texan community named after its founders, German immigrants Hermann and Otto Fischer.
		Named after Henry Flagler, whose family originated in the Palatinate region of Germany.
		Likely named after Flensburg, Germany.^[51]
		"Franken" represents the Province of Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria, home of the Franks, where the original settlers were from. The German word "Mut" means courage; thus, the name Frankenmuth means "courage of the Franconians."^[52]
		A combination of the surname of a German pioneer named Gottfried Franken, who donated a tract of land containing a hill to the town, and the German word "Stein" which means "stone."^[53]
Frankfort	Indiana	Named by its founders, the three Pence brothers, after Frankfurt in order to honor their German great-grandparents' place of origin.^[54]
Frankfort	South Dakota	Likely named after Frankfurt, Germany.^[55]
Freeburg	Illinois	Originally a village called Urbana, it was renamed after Freiburg im Breisgau in 1859 due to it being the place from which many early settlers of the village came.
Freeburg		Named after Freiburg im Breisgau by its mostly-German settlers.^[56]
Freeburg	Missouri	Settled by German immigrants in the 1850s, it was later named after Freiburg im Breisgau when it was platted in 1903.^[57]
Frederick	Maryland	Sources disagree as to which Frederick the town was named for, but the likeliest candidates are Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (one of the proprietors of Maryland^[58]), Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales,^[59] or Frederick "The Great" of Prussia. The first names of all three men originated from the English form of the German name Friedrich.
Fredericksburg	Texas	Founded in 1846 by a German Texan member of the Adelsverein, John O. Meusebach (born Otfried Hans Freiherr von Meusebach).^[60] It was soon named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Meusebach would later become the state senator for District 22 of the Texas Senate. The area of Baron's Creek is now named after him.^[61] The city is a major hub of Texas German (German: Texasdeutsch), a unique dialect of the German language spoken by some descendants of the original German settlers.^[62]
		Named after the former German town of Friedheim annexed by Poland in 1945
		Named after Fulda, Germany.
		Named after Fulda, Germany.
		Means little or insignificant in German.
		Named after town in Thuringia, Germany.
		Named for a German shopkeeper
		Named after Jonathan Hager.
		Hambergen – perhaps named after a small village in Lower Saxony.
		Village
		Three Places
		The former name of Glenville, North Carolina.
		Unincorporated Community
		Unincorporated Community
		Borough
		Unincorporated Community
		Town
		Town
Hanover	Pennsylvania
		Named for the Electorate of Hanover in Germany, because King George I of Great Britain was Elector of Hanover at the time.
Hanover Township	New Jersey	Named for the Electorate of Hanover in Germany, because King George I of Great Britain was Elector of Hanover at the time.
		Named after Adolph Hegewisch.
Heidlersburg	Pennsylvania
Herkimer County	New York	Named after Nicholas Herkimer,^[63] a French and Indian War veteran and Revolutionary War patriot brigadier general from German Flatts, New York. Herkimer was a descendant of a German Palatine immigrant from Sandhausen named Georg Herchheimer.^[64]
		Named after Arminius (German: Hermann), a Cherusci chieftain who defeated the Romans in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.^[65]
		Means "high forest" in German.
		Founded and named after William Hoehne, a German immigrant.
		Named after Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer.
		Named after Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer.
		Named after Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer.
		Named after Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer.
		A neighborhood in Chicago.
		Named after Innsbruck.
		Named after Innsbruck.
		Named after Innsbruck.
		Named after Town in Thuringia, Germany, 111.000 Inhabitants
		Named for Jena, Germany after Napoleon won the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt.^[66]
		Named after Karlsruhe, Germany.
		Named after Kiel, Germany.
		Named after John Kieler, a Prussian immigrant.
		Took its name in the 18th century from a local tavern named the King of Prussia Inn, named after King Frederick the Great of Prussia.
		Named after Otto von Kotzebue.
		Named after the Kranz brothers, who were German settlers.
		Named after Rudolph Kremmling.
		Named after Sebastian Kronenwetter, an immigrant from Württemberg.^[67]
		Named after various places called "Kulm" from which German immigrants originated.^[68]
		The former name of Marlin, Washington.
Leipsic	Ohio	A variant spelling of Leipzig.^[69]
		Named after Lenzburg.
		Named after a Volga German settlement
		Named after Litice Castle (German: Schloss Lititz) near the formerly German-speaking town of Kunvald (German: Kunewalde, Kunwald), in the region of Bohemia in the Czech Republic.
		Named for the German Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
		Named after Martin Luther.
		Named after Martin Luther.
		Named after Lützen, Germany.
		Named after Hohenlinden, Germany.
		Named after Manheim, Germany.
		A hamlet in the town of Hector, New York.
		Named after the German state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, or for Charlotte of Mecklenburg, queen consort of George III of Great Britain.
		Named for Charlotte of Mecklenburg, queen consort of George III of Great Britain.
		Named after German Native John Meiners.
		A misspelling of the original name: "Mittlestadt."
		Named after Minden, Germany.
		Named after Frederick Muhlenberg.
		Named after Frederick Muhlenberg.
		Named after a Volga German settlement.
		Town in Rensselaer County
		Named for the Duchy of Nassau in Germany.
		Named for the Duchy of Nassau in Germany.
		Named after the region of Baden in Germany.
		Town
		Village
		Area residents put the accent on the first syllable of Berlin, rather than the second.
		Established in 1845 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Commissioner General of the Adelsverein; Prince Solms named the settlement in honor of his home of Solms-Braunfels, Germany.
New Brunswick	New Jersey	Named after Brunswick, Germany
New Glatz, Maryland		Famed after the former German town Glatz annexed by Poland after 1945.
		Named after Leipzig, Germany.
		Named after Melle, Germany.
		Named after Michael Ohlman.
Olpe	Kansas	Named after Olpe, Germany.
		Named after Osnabruck in South Stormont, Ontario which gets it namesake from Osnabrück, Germany.
		Named after Paderborn, Germany.
		Named after the Palatinate region of Germany
		Famed after a Volga German settlement.
		Named after Philip Deidesheimer, a German immigrant.
		Named after Francis Xavier Pierz (Pierz was the German version of his last name: Pirc).
		German name for Plzeň, Czech Republic.
		German name for Poznań, Poland.
		German name for Poznań, Poland.
		The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.
		Named after the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont in Germany.
		Named for the Rehrer family who settled there in 1803.
		Named after Swiss-German immigrant Henry Rosenberg.
		Named after a town in formerly German-speaking Bohemia
		Named after Daniel Saeger.
		Founded by John A. Roebling, a German immigrant.
		Named after the area of Schaumburg in Germany.^[70]
Schellsburg	Pennsylvania	Names after John Schell, the grandson of Michael Schell, an immigrant from the Palatinate.
		Named in honor of Gustav Schleicher, a veteran of the Confederate Army.^[71] ^[72]
		Named for William Schley, United States representative and thirty-sixth governor of Georgia.
		Named after a Volga German settlement.
		Named after Carl Schurz, a German immigrant who became the United States Secretary of the Interior.
		Named after Conrad Seltzer, a German immigrant who started a meatpacking business there.
Selz		Named after the Selz River.
		Named after Franz Sigel, a German general in the Union military.
		Named after the former German land of Silesia
		Neighborhood in Denver, Colorado
		Named after John Valentine Steger, and immigrant from Ulm, Germany.
		Named for Baron von Steuben, a German general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War.
		named after a town of former German East Prussia
		named after formerly Austrian town
		Named after Ulm, Germany.^[73]
		Named in 1913 for Martin Vader
Vienna	Missouri
		ghost town
		Named after Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck.^[74]
		Name meaning forest home.
		Named in honor of William Waldorf Astor, who received his middle name from the German town of Walldorf.
		Compound Wald as German Word for forest meaning "forestport"
		Named after Fred Walsen, a German immigrant.
		Name meaning "water lane" for nearby stream.
Weisenberg Township	Pennsylvania	Named after Weißenberg.
		Former/alternate name of Vroman, Colorado.
Wendte	South Dakota
		Named after the region of Westphalia in Germany.
		Named after Henry Wickenburg, a Prussian prospector.
		Part Village of Erndtebrück in District "Siegen-Wittgenstein", North Rhine-Westphalia.
		Named after Baltic German explorer Ferdinand von Wrangel.

See also

• Amana Colonies, Iowa
• Germantown, Maryland
• Germantown, New York
• Germantown, Tennessee
• Leavenworth, Washington
• List of U.S. state name etymologies
• Lists of U.S. county name etymologies
• List of place names of French origin in the United States
• List of U.S. place names of Spanish origin
• List of non-US places that have a US place named after them

External links

• https://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/travel-tips-and-articles/five-great-german-towns-in-the-usa/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2777cb1

Notes and References

1. https://www.mcmillanlibrary.org/files/docs/placenames.pdf
2. Book: Place Names of Illinois. 9780252090707. Callary. Edward. October 2010. University of Illinois Press .
3. Web site: Ramsay Place Names File | the State Historical Society of Missouri.
4. Book: Gudde, Erwin. William Bright . California Place Names. 2004. Fourth. University of California Press. 12. 0-520-24217-3.
5. Web site: TSHA | Anhalt, TX.
6. Web site: History | Augusta, GA – Official Website.
7. Web site: A History of Baden Baden Borough . 2022-05-11 . badenborough.com.
8. Web site: Bamberg City.
9. Web site: Saline County, Part 9.
10. Web site: Beckemeyer, Illinois – 618-227-8331 – Village History.
11. Web site: TSHA Bergheim, TX . 2022-05-11 . www.tshaonline.org.
12. Paap, Verena, and Loris Roettger. "Otoe—Otoe County". Nebraska... Our Towns. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
13. Book: Nebraska Place-Names . University of Nebraska Press . Fitzpatrick, Lillian L. . 1960 . 0-8032-5060-6 . 109. A 1925 edition is available for download at University of Nebraska—Lincoln Digital Commons.
14. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 1997. p. 138. .
15. Book: Miller, Charles Christian . History of Fairfield County, Ohio, and representative citizens . 1912 . Chicago, Richmond-Arnold Pub. Co . The Library of Congress.
16. Book: Meany, Edmond S. . Edmond S. Meany . 1923 . Origin of Washington Geographic Names . . 1963675 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160525051149/http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/9548/Ori_Of_Was_Geo_Nam.pdf . May 25, 2016 . January 6, 2018.
17. [Lewis A. McArthur|McArthur, Lewis A.]
18. Stapp, Katherine; W. I. Bowman (1968). History Under Our Feet: The Story of Vermilion County, Illinois. Danville, Illinois: Interstate Printers and Publishers, Inc. pp. 50–51
19. Forsythe, Roger (June 29, 1993). "FIRST CAME THE TRAINS (A History of Bismarck)". Daily Journal. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
20. McMillen, Margot Ford (1994). Paris, Tightwad and Peculiar: Missouri Place Names. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. pp. 59–60. .
21. Web site: Bismarck City Portrait . 2010-09-19 . City of Bismarck . https://web.archive.org/web/20101120140825/http://bismarck.org/index.aspx?NID=642 . 2010-11-20 . dead .
22. Web site: Area History Boerne, TX – Official Website . www.ci.boerne.tx.us . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140401041227/http://www.ci.boerne.tx.us/427/Area-History . 2014-04-01.
23. Web site: About.
24. "Profile for Brandt, South Dakota". ePodunk. Archived from the original on 2016-09-15. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
25. Foscue, Virginia. Place Names in Alabama. University: U of Alabama Press, 1989.
26. Web site: About Us.
27. McDonald, Daniel (1908). A Twentieth Century History of Marshall County, Indiana, Volume 1. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 124.
28. Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Bremen, Boston: Russell
29. Scott, Hervey (1877). A Complete History of Fairfield County, Ohio. Siebert & Lilley, printers. p. 96.
30. Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 411.
31. [Federal Writers' Project]
32. http://www.carlsbadca.gov/about/history/Pages/default.aspx#layout-tab-2 City of Carlsbad – History of Carlsbad
33. Heim, Michael (2007). Exploring Kansas Highways. p. 31. .
34. [Lewis A. McArthur|McArthur, Lewis A.]
35. "Profile for Cologne, Minnesota, MN". ePodunk. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
36. Web site: Welcome to Cottbus .
37. Web site: Darmstadt Home.
38. Allen, John W. (January 11, 1963). "Place Names Have Colorful History". The Southeast Missourian. p. 6. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
39. Federal Writers' Project (1938). North Dakota, a Guide to the Northern Prairie State. WPA. p. 286. .
40. Web site: Our History | Village of Dieterich.
41. "Franklin County Place Names, 1928–1945 (archived)". The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
42. Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 582.
43. Burnett, Robyn; Luebbering, Ken (1996). German Settlement in Missouri: New Land, Old Ways. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri. pp. 23–24. .
44. Christopher Long. "Handbook of Texas Online – Elmendorf, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
45. Web site: 2008-05-29 . 2022-05-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080529235332/http://www.emdenil.com/ . 29 May 2008 . dead.
46. Eaton, David Wolfe (1918). How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. p. 365.
47. Wick, Douglas A. "Enderlin (Ransom County)". North Dakota Place Names. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
48. Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Quill Driver Books. p. 57. .
49. Hart, Tom (Winter 2021). "Albert Etter; Humboldt County's Horticultural Genius" (PDF). Eden; Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society. 24:1: 4–23.
50. "Profile for Ferdinand, Vermont". ePodunk. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
51. Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 352.
52. Book: Frankenmuth . Arcadia Publishing . Images of America . 2008 . 978-0-7385-6175-2.
53. "Osage County Place Names, 1928–1945". The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
54. Claybaugh, Joseph (1913). "City of Frankfort". History of Clinton County, Indiana. Indianapolis: A. W. Bowen & Company.
55. Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways. p. 73.
56. Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 238.
57. Earngey, Bill (1995). Missouri Roadsides: The Traveler's Companion. University of Missouri Press. p. 94. .
58. Web site: Fort Frederick State Park History. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. October 7, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071005164303/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/ftfrederickhistory.html . October 5, 2007.
59. Web site: Frederick, Maryland. Maryland Municipal League. October 9, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071021105716/http://mdmunicipal.org/cities/index.cfm?townname=Frederick&page=home. October 21, 2007. mdy-all.
60. Geue, Ethel H (2009). New Homes in a New Land German Immigration to Texas, 1847–1861. Clearfield. p. 22. .
61. King, Irene Marshall (1967). John O.Meusebach. University of Texas Press. .
62. Web site: Data Center Results . 2022-05-13 . apps.mla.org.
63. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 155.
64. [Henry Z Jones, Jr.|Jones, Henry Z, Jr.]
65. Book: MacGregor, Neil. Germany.. BBC. 2014. 128.
66. Web site: Town of Jena, Louisiana.
67. Web site: Kronenwetter, Sebastian (1833–1902), Clark County, Wisconsin History.
68. http://www.blackseagr.org/pdfs/konrad/History%20of%20Kulm%20ND%201892-1957.pdf
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70. Web site: The History of the Village of Schaumburg in Schaumburg | Intelligent Offices.
71. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000129 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
72. Web site: Smyrl. Vivian Elizabeth. Schleicher County. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. 30 November 2010.
73. Web site: Prairie County, Arkansas.
74. Web site: Waldeck, Texas.