List of Alabama placenames of Native American origin explained
Many places throughout Alabama take their names from the languages of the indigenous Native American/American Indian tribes. The following list includes settlements, geographic features, and political subdivisions whose names are derived from these indigenous languages. The primary Native American peoples present in Alabama during historical times included the Alibamu, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Koasati, and the lower and upper Muscogee (Creeks).[1]
With the exception of the Cherokee, all of the historical Alabama tribes speak Muskogean languages. There are competing classification systems, but the traditionally accepted usage divides the dialects into Eastern Muskogean (Alibamu, Koasatia, and Muscogee) and Western Muskogean (Chickasaw and Choctaw).[2] The Cherokee language belongs to the separate Iroquoian language family.[3]
Listings
State
- Alabama – named for the Alibamu, a tribe whose name derives from a Choctaw phrase meaning "thicket-clearers"[4] or "plant-cutters" (from albah, "(medicinal) plants", and amo, "to clear").
Counties
Settlements
- Arbacoochee – from the Muskogean phrase abihkuchi, meaning "a pile at the base".
- Attalla – from the Cherokee word otali, meaning "mountain".[1]
- Bashi – from the Choctaw phrase bachaya, meaning "line" or "row".
- Bogue Chitto – from the Choctaw phrase book chito, meaning "big creek".
- Boligee – from the Choctaw phrase boolitusha, meaning "to strike and cut into pieces".
- Cahaba – from the Choctaw phrase oka-uba, meaning "water from above".
- Chewacla – from the Hitchiti phrase sawackla, meaning "raccoon village".
- Chickasaw - named for the Chickasaw tribe.
- Coosada - named for the Coushatta tribe.
- Cusseta - a Muscogee tribal town.
- Eastaboga, Alabama - from Muscogee Creek: este (person), Creek: ak (in water, a low place), Creek: pokv (from the work Creek: vpoketv: to sit/live).
- Escatawpa – from the Choctaw phrase eskatawpa, meaning "the place where cane is cut".
- Eufaula - from the Muscogee Creek: yofalv, the name of a tribal town.
- Eutaw - possibly from the Cherokee Etiwaw and its earlier form iitaawaa (long leafed pine tree).
- Kahatchie - from the Muscogee koha hachi (cane creek).[1]
- Letohatchee - from the Muscogee li ito fachita (those who make arrows straight).[1]
- Loachapoka - from the Muscogee Creek: loca poga (where the turtles live/sit) (from the words Creek: Loca and Creek: vpoketv) .[1]
- Lubbub and Lubbub Creek - from the Choctaw word Choctaw: lahba, which means "warm".
- Nanafalia - from the Choctaw words nanih (hill) and Choctaw: falaiya (long).
- Notasulga - from the Muscogee noti sulgi (many teeth).[1]
- Oakmulgee - from the Hitchiti word ockmulgee, which means "bubbling water," with oki meaning "water" and mulgi meaning "boiling".
- Ohatchee - possibly from the Muscogee oh hacci (upper stream).
- Oneonta - possibly from the Iroquoian Iroquoian languages: oneyota (protruding stone).
- Opelika - from the Muscogee Creek: opilwa lako (big swamp).[1]
- Panola - from Choctaw word Choctaw: ponola or Choctaw: ponoola (cotton).
- Pintlala from the Muscogee phrase pithlohalata, meaning "dragging a canoe".[6]
- Shared with the nearby Pintlala Creek.
- Sylacauga - from the Muscogee words sule (buzzard) and kake (sitting).
- Talladega, Talladega County, and Talladega Springs - talladega is derived from the Muscogee words Creek: italua (town), and Creek: atigi (at the end, on the border).
- Tallahatta Springs - adaptation of Choctaw words, tali (rock) and hata (silver, white).
- Tallapoosa County and Tallapoosa River - from the Choctaw words tali (rock) and pushi (pulverized).[1]
- Tallassee - from the Muscogee talwa hasi (old town).[1]
- Tensaw and Tensaw River - Etymology is unclear. May be related to the Natchez teansa.
- Tibbie - a shortened form of the Choctaw word "oakibbeha". Oakibbeha means "blocks of ice therein," with okti meaning "ice" and the plural form abeha meaning "to be in".
- Tuscumbia - from the Choctaw words tashka (warrior) and abi (killer).[1]
- Tuskegee – from the Koasati phrase tasquiqui, meaning "warriors".
- Uchee – named after the Yuchi people, whose name roughly translates to mean "sitting at a distance".
- Wedowee - a given name, possibly Muskogean for water sumac.
- Weogufka - from Creek wi, “water”, plus ogufki, “muddy” also Creek Indian for the Mississippi.
- Wetumpka – from the Muscogee phrase wewau tumcau, meaning "rumbling water".[7]
Bodies of water
Other
See also
References
Sources
- Book: Bright, William . William Bright . 2004 . Native American Placenames of the United States . Norman . University of Oklahoma Press . 080613576X.
- Book: Gannett, Henry . The origin of certain place names in the United States, Volume 8, Issue 197 . 1902 . Government Printing Office . Washington, D.C. . 70 . April 8, 2011.
- Book: The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. 1905. 27. Gannett, Henry. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2018-08-09. 2020-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20200810142309/https://books.google.com/books?id=BqwPAAAAIAAJ. live.
- Book: History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume 1 . Owen . Thomas McAdory . Owen . Marie Bankhead . 1921 . S. J. Clarke Publishing Company . Chicago.
- Book: Read, William A. . 1984 . Indian Place Names in Alabama . . The University of Alabama Press . 15 . 0-8173-0231-X .
Notes and References
- Web site: Southeastern Indian Place Names in what is now Alabama . 1994 . Indian Place Names in Alabama . William A. Read . Alabama Department of Archives and History . 8 April 2011.
- Book: Native Languages of the Southeastern United States . Hardy . Heather . Scancarelli . Janine . 2005 . University of Nebraska Press . Lincoln, NE . 69–71 .
- Book: Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. 1999. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 0-521-23228-7.
- Web site: Alabama: The State Name . 2007-02-24 . Alabama Department of Archives and History . 2019-06-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190606045052/http://www.archives.state.al.us/statenam.html . live .
- Book: Hudson, Charles M.. Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun . registration. 1997. University of Georgia Press. 230–232. Charles M. Hudson (author) .
- Book: Foscue, Virginia . 1989 . Place Names in Alabama . . The University of Alabama Press . 112 . 0-8173-0410-X .
- Web site: Southeastern Indian Place Names in what is now Alabama . 1994 . Indian Place Names in Alabama . William A. Read . Alabama Department of Archives and History . 8 April 2011.
- Book: Byington, Cyrus . Choctaw Language Dictionary . 1909 . Global Bible Society.
- Web site: Tombigbee River: What does it mean? . Rufus Ward . February 27, 2010 . The Commercial Dispatch . The Columbus Lowndes Public Library . 8 April 2011.