List of people known as the Elder or the Younger explained

"The Elder" and "the Younger" are epithets generally used to distinguish between two individuals, often close relatives. In some instances, one of the pair is much more famous, and hence not known as "the Elder" or "the Younger", e.g. Carl Linnaeus; in such cases, they are not listed in a separate column but rather in the notes of the other person.

People

Ancient world

Ordered alphabetically by first name
Lifespan	Notes	Relationship	Lifespan	Notes
c. 90 BC–c. 50 BC	Galatian princess	Mother of	c. 70 BC–c. 30 BC	Illegitimate daughter of King of Pontus Mithridates VI Eupator
c. 14 BC–33 AD		Mother of	15–59	Roman empress, wife and niece of Emperor Claudius
370 BC–300 BC	Greek mathematician. Pappus of Alexandria refers to him as the Elder, but nothing is known about the other Aristaeus.
c. 435 BC–c. 356 BC	Greek Hedonistic philosopher	Grandfather of	c. 380 BC – ?	Greek philosopher
died c. 240 BC	Greek tyrant	Father of	died. c. 223 BC	Greek general and tyrant
died c. 330	Christian apologist		460	Christian priest or bishop in Gaul and author
234 BC–149 BC	Roman soldier, senator and historian	Great-grandfather of	95 BC–46 BC	Roman senator
	Greek sculptor	Grandfather of	4th century BC	Greek sculptor
c. 600 BC–530 BC	Founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire		died 401 BC	Achaemenid prince and general
c. 432 BC–367 BC	Greek tyrant of Syracuse	Father of	c. 397 BC–343 BC	Greek politician and ruler of Syracuse
died before 69	Wife of Vespasian; died before he became Emperor of Rome	Mother of	c. 45–c. 66	Only daughter of Vespasian
38 BC–9 BC	Roman politician and general	Uncle of	14 BC–23 AD	Son and heir of Roman emperor Tiberius
c. 100–140		Mother of	c. 130–175/176	Wife of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius
c. 110 BC–10 AD	Jewish religious leader, sage and scholar, sometimes confused with Hillel II (320–385)
			early 3rd century BC	Ancient Greek grammarian and tragic poet, sometimes called ho Neoteros ("the Younger") to distinguish him from the poet Homer
6th and 5th centuries BC	Persian satrap	Father of	5th century BC	Persian satrap, leader of the Immortals during the Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)
c. 2150 BC
before 103 BC–?	Elder sister of Julius Caesar	Elder sister of	before 100 BC–51 BC	Also an elder sister of Julius Caesar, as well as grandmother of Emperor Augustus
39 BC–14 AD		Mother of	19 BC–c. 29 AD	Daughter of Julia the Elder's second husband, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
c. 300–391	Coptic Christian monk and hermit	Contemporary of	c. 300–395	Egyptian monk and Coptic saint
before 270–c. 340	Christian saint	Mother of	c. 327–July 379	Christian saint
c. 350–before 410 or c. 417	Christian saint	Grandmother of	c. 383–439	Christian saint
died 464 BC	Greek philosopher		331/0 BC–278/7 BC	Greek philosopher
c. 590 BC–525 BC	Athenian politician	Uncle of	c. 550 BC–489 BC	Athenian general
died 430 or 451	Christian saint		910–1005	Christian saint, monk and abbot
died after 29 BC		Elder half-sister of	c. 66 BC–11 BC	Elder sister of Emperor Augustus
5th century	Byzantine philosopher	No relation to	6th century	Byzantine philosopher, astrologer and teacher
992 BC–986 BC
			237–249	Son and heir of the Roman emperor Philip the Arab
c. 190–c. 230	Greek sophist/philosopher	Possibly the grandfather of	3rd century	Greek sophist/philosopher
23/24–79	Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, and naval and army commander	Uncle of	61–c. 113	Roman lawyer, author and magistrate
5th century BC	Greek sculptor	Father of	c. 4th century BC	Greek architect and sculptor
c. 10–c. 47	Ancient Roman aristocrat	Mother of	30–65	Second wife of the Emperor Nero
236/235 BC–183 BC	Roman general in the Second Punic War and statesman	Adoptive grandfather of	185 BC–129 BC	Roman general in the Third Punic War and statesman
c. 54 BC–c. 39 AD	Roman writer	Father of	c. 4 BC–65 AD	Roman philosopher, statesman, dramatist and satirist
c. 390–459	Syrian Christian ascetic/stylite noted for living 37 years on a small platform on top of a pillar		521–596/597	Stylite and Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic saint
c. 616–578 BC	Legendary fifth king of Rome
died 376	Roman general		401–450	Roman emperor
			65 BC	Briefly King of Sophene; son of Tigranes the Great, King of Armenia

Middle Ages

Note: A few pairs straddle the line between the Middle Ages and the modern era—1453, the year of the fall of Constantinople—and are listed in both sections.

Ordered alphabetically by first name
The Elder	Lifespan	Notes	Relationship	The Younger	Lifespan	Notes
	c. 615–683	Anglian abbess and noblewoman	No relation to		died 870	Anglo-Saxon abbess and saint
	died 940				died between 992 and 997	Persian historian, writer and vizier of the Samanid Empire
	c. 878–c. 968	Byzantine general	Granduncle of		c. 940–989	Byzantine general who took a conspicuous part in three revolts for and against the ruling Macedonian dynasty
	died 1150		Father of		c. 1143–1193	A crusader noble of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Lord of Ibelin
	died 1387	First grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire	Grandfather of		died 1453	11th grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire
	died 6th century	Irish saint, bishop and abbot	Claimed to be the foster father of		died 639	Irish saint and abbot
					c. 772–811	King of the Franks, son of Charlemagne (also known as Charles the Great)
	died c. 530	Bishop of Saigir, one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, considered the first saint to have been born in Ireland			c. 516–c. 549	Saint, one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland and first abbot of Clonmacnoise
	died c. 864		Father of		died 876
	died 906		Father of		c. 881–918	King of East Francia
Eadnoth the Elder	up to 991?	Prior of Ramsey before his duties were assumed by Eadnoth the Younger	Contemporary of		c. 992–1016	English monk and prelate, Abbot of Ramsey and Bishop of Dorchester
	c. 874–17 July 924	King of the Anglo-Saxons and son of Alfred the Great; called "the Elder" to distinguish him from Edward the Martyr, King of the English (c. 962–978)
					c. 1089/1092–1143	Also Count of Anjou, son of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou (1043–1109)
	died 610	Byzantine general	Father of		c. 575–641	Byzantine emperor
	1261–1326	Earl of Winchester and chief adviser to King Edward II of England	Father of		c. 1287/1289–1326	Royal chamberlain and a favourite of King Edward II
	died 1429	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire	Grandfather of		1429–1499	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
	died c. 1105–1110	King of Sweden	Uncle of		c. 1110–c. 1125	King of Sweden
	c. 1180–c. 1250	Italian Talmudist	Grandfather of		13th century	Italian Talmudist and commentator
	1398–1469	German master weaver, town councillor and merchant, father of German merchant, mining entrepreneur, and banker Jakob Fugger (1459–1525)
					died 578	Byzantine emperor, nephew of a nephew of Emperor Justin I
	910s	Byzantine general	Uncle of		915/920–after 971	Byzantine general
	c. 1395–1440	Italian banker, great-uncle of Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492), aka Lorenzo the Magnificent, Lord of Florence
					830/835–882	King of Saxony and King of Bavaria, son of Louis the German, first king of East Francia
					1120–1180	King of the Franks, son of Louis VI of France, King of the Franks
					825–875	King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor, grandson of Louis the Pious, King of the Franks, co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, and King of Aquitaine
Martin of Aragon / Martin the Elder	1356–1410	King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, Count of Barcelona and King of Sicily	Father of	Martin I of Sicily / Martin the Younger	c. 1374/1376–1409	King of Sicily
					1017/1018–1078? or 1096?	Byzantine Greek monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist sometimes called "the younger", though it is now believed that this was an error and there is no Michael Psellos the elder
	c. 1355–1418	Voivode of Wallachia	Grandfather of		1428–1447	Voivode of Wallachia
	1071–1094/5?	Byzantine Greek general who attempted to overthrow the emperor	Father or grandfather of		1062–1137	Byzantine general, statesman and historian
	died 895/6 or c. 900
	5th century	Byzantine philosopher			c. 495–570	Byzantine philosopher, astrologer and teacher
	c. 580–640				c. 714–768	King of the Franks
	1370–1444/1445	Italian humanist, statesman, pedagogist and canon lawyer			c. 1498–1565	Italian papal nuncio, later Protestant reformer
	Second half of the 9th century	Syriac Christian physician	No relation to		12th or 13th century	Author of a medicinal-botany book entitled The Book of Simple Medicaments
	c. 1175–1218	A French military leader in the Fourth Crusade and the Albigensian Crusade	Grandfather of		1240–1271
						Anglo-Saxon Christian saint and abbot; unrelated to Suitbert of Kaiserswerth, another 7th century Anglo-Saxon Christian saint
	c. 1100–1156	King of Sweden	Grandfather of		before 1167–1210	King of Sweden
					died 745 or 746	Anglo-Saxon saint and bishop; no relation to Wilfrid (c. 633–709 or 710), also an Anglo-Saxon saint and bishop of York

Modern era

Ordered alphabetically by last name when possible, by first name when not.
Lifespan	Notes	Relationship	The Younger	Lifespan	Notes
			Tom Arnold / Thomas Arnold the Younger	1823–1900	English literary scholar, son of Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School
1568–1636	Also Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg and Prince of Lüneburg	Cousin of		1579–1666	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
				1860–1929	Hungarian politician; son of Gyula Andrássy, Prime Minister of Hungary
1585–1629	Danish physician, scientist and theologian	Grandfather of		1655–1738	Danish anatomist
1506–1558	Spanish admiral	Father of		1526–1588	Spanish admiral
1632–1709	Swedish theologian and Archbishop of Uppsala	Father of		1675–1743	Swedish priest, theologian, librarian, Bishop of Linköping and Archbishop of Uppsala
c. 1531–1570	English painter	Father of		Died 1616	English portrait painter
1684–1758	English writing master and engraver	Father of		c. 1706–1771	English etcher and engraver, printseller and one of the first English caricaturists
			1828—1903	American clergyman; son of American missionary George Boardman
				1827–1886	French-born Brazilian poet, teacher and senator, grandnephew of Brazilian statesman, naturalist, mineralist, professor and poet José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva
				1783–1815	English essayist, poet and lawyer; son of John Bowdler, an English moral reformer and writer
c. 1580–1635	Bishop of Waterford and Lismore	Uncle of		c. 1609–1702	Church of Ireland bishop, Archbishop of Dublin, Archbishop of Armagh and Lord Chancellor of Ireland
1520–1590	Swedish count, Governor of Stockholm Castle, Lord High Justiciar of Sweden and Governor of Norrland	Grandfather of		1602–1680	Swedish soldier, Privy Councillor, Lord High Steward, Governor General of Finland and author
1577–1654	English judge and Chief Justice of the King's Bench	Father of		1611–1700	English lawyer and politician
1581–1624	English schoolmaster known for his educational works	Father of		1600–1665	English nonconforming clergyman and ejected minister
1568–1625	Flemish painter and draughtsman	Father of		1601–1678	Flemish Baroque painter
c. 1525 to 1530–1569	Dutch Flemish painter and printmaker	Father of		1564–1638	Flemish painter
				1568–1646	Florentine poet, librettist and man of letters, grandnephew of Michelangelo
1600–1666	English Presbyterian church leader and divine	Father of		c. 1635–1685	English ejected minister
1726–1772	English army agent and politician	Father of		1765–1831	English landowner and Member of Parliament; bastard son of Calcraft the Elder.
died 1429	9th grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire	Grandfather of		1429–1499	20th grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire
				1566–1596	Crypto-Jewish writer, nephew of Spanish conquistador Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva
c. 1712–1777	English marine painter	Father of		1747–1786	British marine painter
1732–1794	English dramatist, essayist and theatre owner	Father of		1762–1836	English dramatist and miscellaneous writer
1795–1867	English portrait painter and miniaturist	Father of		1819–1900	Portrait painter
1460–1535	Italian painter	Grandfather of		1537–1583	Italian painter
c. 1472–1553	German painter and printmaker	Father of		1515–1586	German painter and portraitist
1743–1818	British painter	Father of		1779–1854	British etcher and painter
1695–1768	British architect	Father of		1741–1825	English architect, surveyor and portraitist
1612–1689	French portrait painter	Father of		1648–1717	French portrait painter
1783–1863	British merchant and politician	Father of		1810–1880	British politician
1719–1794	Swedish statesman and soldier, Lord Marshal of the Riksdag of the Estates	Father of		1755–1810	Swedish count, Marshal of the Realm of Sweden, General of Horse in the Royal Swedish Army, one of the Lords of the Realm, aide-de-camp to Rochambeau in the American Revolutionary War, diplomat and statesman
1542–1616	Flemish painter	Father of		1581–1642	Flemish painter
c. 1520–c. 1590	Flemish painter, draughtsman, print designer and etcher	Father of		c. 1561/62–1636	Flemish painter
1762–1816	English evangelical Anglican clergyman, father of William Goode, English cleric, a leader of the evangelicals of the Church of England and Dean of Ripon
1721–1810	British engraver and draughtsman	Uncle of		1754–1804	British painter and engraver
1746–1807	English architect	Father of		1775–1856	English architect and writer on architecture
c. 1582–1666	Dutch painter	Father of		1618–1669	Dutch painter
1463–1514	Also Prince of Wolfenbüttel	Father of		1489–1568	Also Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
c. 1460–1524	German painter	Father of		c. 1497–1543	German-Swiss painter and printmaker
1771–1838	English engraver and political radical	Father of		1807–1871	English engraver
				1610–1645	English Member of Parliament and Parliamentarian military commander during the First English Civil War; son of Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament and Governor of Hull
1588–1671	English Anglican Bishop of Bristol	Father of		1632–1701	English Anglican Bishop of Bristol and Bishop of Hereford and academic
				1498–1537
1545–1622		Uncle of		1545–1622
c. 1785–1871	A Native American leader of the Wallowa Band of the Nez Perce	Father of		1840–1904	A leader of the Nez Perce Native American tribe
				1662–1724	Anglo-American lawyer, politician, educator and President of Harvard College; grandson of John Leverett, English colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
				1741–1783	Swedish naturalist; son of Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist and physician
				1607–1624	German prince, son of Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
1755–1829	Irish actor-manager, father of English actor William Macready (1793–1873)
c. 1449/1452–1515	Italian printer and humanist	Grandfather of		1547–1597	Italian printer and humanist
1791–1860	Hungarian painter	Father of		1822–1891	Hungarian-Italian painter
1724–1774	German anatomist	Grandfather of		1781–1833	German anatomist
1593–1650	Swiss engraver	Father of		1621–1687	Swiss engraver and portrait painter
1800–1891	Prussian field marshal	Uncle of		1848–1916	German general and Chief of the Great German General Staff
1854–1920				1890–1958
1831–1891	Russian field marshal	Father of		1856–1929	Russian general in World War I
1430–1476	Italian nobleman, banker, diplomat, and member of the Medici family	Grandfather of		1487–1525	Italian banker
1708–1778	Prime Minister of Great Britain	Father of		1759–1806	Youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain and first prime minister of the United Kingdom
1610–1658 or later	Italian painter	Father of		1668–1751	Italian Baroque painter
1609–1668	Flemish sculptor	Cousin of		1625–1700	Flemish sculptor
1584–1640	Flemish sculptor	Father of		1607–1678	Flemish painter
c. 1534–1609	Ottoman privateer and admiral		Jan Janszoon, commonly known as Murat Reis the Younger	c. 1570–c. 1641	Dutch pirate and convert to Islam after being captured by Moors, first president and commander of the Republic of Salé city state
1761–1821	Scottish civil engineer	Father of		1794–1874	English engineer
1630–1702	Swedish scientist, writer and professor of medicine	Father of		1660–1740	Swedish explorer, scientist, botanist and ornithologist
c. 1453–1534	Italian architect	Uncle of		1484–1546	Italian architect
died 1552	Protestant theologian and reformer	Father of		1532–1608	Protestant theologian, reformer and hymnwriter
				1859–1919	Chairman of the Midland Railway; son of the publisher George Smith
1804–1849	Austrian composer	Father of		1825–1899	Austrian composer of light music, particularly waltzes
1652–1724	British sculptor	Father of		1676–1741	British sculptor
1440–1503	Regent of Sweden	Distant relative of		1493–1520	Swedish nobleman, regent of Sweden
1582–1649	Flemish painter	Father of		1610–1690	Flemish painter, printmaker, draughtsman, copyist and art curator
1764–1817	English sculptor and painter	Father of		1804–1891	British sculptor
c. 1570s–1638	English naturalist, gardener, collector and traveler	Father of		1608–1662	English botanist and gardener
1656–1693	Queen of Sweden	Mother of		1688–1741	Queen of Sweden
1589–1655	English politician, Secretary of State	Father of		1613–1662	English politician and colonial governor
1610/11–1693	Dutch seascape painter	Father of		1633–1707	Dutch marine painter
1615–1686	Flemish sculptor	Father of		1648–after 1691	Flemish sculptor, draughtsman, etcher and stone merchant
1370–1444/5	Italian humanist, statesman, pedagogist and canon lawyer			c. 1498–1565	Italian papal nuncio and later Protestant reformer
c. 1688–1745	English clergyman, schoolmaster and second professor of poetry at Oxford	Father of		1728–1790	English literary historian, critic and poet
1587/88–1649	English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony	Father of		1606–1676	An early governor of the Connecticut Colony
				1535–1592	Also co-ruler of the Principality of Lüneburg
1704–1754	English architect	Father of		1728–1782	English architect
				1675–1747	English Member of Parliament; son of the architect Christopher Wren
				1521–1554	English politician and leader of Wyatt's rebellion; son of the English poet Thomas Wyatt

Religious and mythical figures


Notes	Relationship	Notes
	Father of	Prophet in the Book of Mormon
King of Gaunnes in Arthurian legend	Father of	One of King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table
Ancient Egyptian god		Ancient Egyptian god
One of Jesus' Twelve Apostles	Fellow Apostles	One of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, generally identified with James the Less
		Identified by some as James, son of Alphaeus, by others as James, brother of Jesus