List of people from Montana explained

Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name, derived from the Spanish word Spanish; Castilian: montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames,^[1] including "The Treasure State" and "Big Sky Country", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently, "The Last Best Place". The state ranks fourth in area, but 44th in population, and accordingly has the third-lowest population density in the United States.^[2] The economy is primarily based on services, with ranching, wheat farming, oil and coal mining in the east, and lumber, tourism, and hard rock mining in the west.^[3] Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park.^[4]

Academics

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1936–2002	Lived in Helena during retirement	Professor; historian; biographer	^[5]
	1923–2020	Born in Billings	Historian specializing in the American Civil War and World War II; chief historian of the National Park Service (1981–1994); National Park Service Historian Emeritus	^[6]
	1954–present	Born near Malta; attended college in and lives in Missoula	Memoirist associate professor at the University of Montana	^[7]
	1948–present	Lives in Missoula	Historian and writer on the Western United States; professor and A.B. Hammond Chair in Western History at the University of Montana	^[8]
	1913–1997	Born in Livingston	Educator noted for the adoption of the theory of andragogy	^[9]
	1902–1990	Moved to Missoula in 1909	Author; scholar; dean of students and William Rainey Harper Professor of English at the University of Chicago	^[10] ^[11]
	1949–present	Lives on the Crow Indian Reservation	Founded Little Big Horn College	^[12]
	1905–1989	President of Montana State College (1943–1964) in Bozeman	Agricultural economics professor; active in Washington, D.C., and overseas agricultural economics work; Democratic candidate for governor of Montana (1964)	^[13]
	1918–2010	Born	Labor lawyer and law professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
	1938–2016	Born in Livingston	Rhodes Scholar economist; former dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management; author of numerous bestsellers on economics; columnist	^[14] ^[15]
	1920–1981	Born, raised and college student in Missoula; lived in Missoula and Red Lodge	Historian; history writer; A.B. Hammond Professor of Western History at the University of Montana	^[16]
	1940–2003	Born in Browning; attended college and lived in Missoula	Poet; history writer; taught at the University of Washington, Cornell University, and the University of Montana; 1997 recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas	^[17] ^[18]

Artists

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1973–present	Born in Kalispell	Artist and curator	^[19]
	1954–present	Lives and works part time in Born in Jefferson City	Abstract color field/landscape painter	^[20]
	1926–2007	Born in Butte; attended college in Bozeman; lived and taught in Missoula	Sculptor and ceramicist; professor of ceramics	^[21]
	1946–present	Lives part-time in Bozeman	Sculptor and printmaker; married to fellow sculptor Deborah Butterfield	^[22] ^[23]
	1949–present	Lives part-time in Bozeman	Sculptor who makes horses out of found objects; married to fellow sculptor John E. Buck
	1939–2019	Lives near Livingston	Painter; lithographer; writer; restaurateur	^[24] ^[25]
	1877–1972	Lived in Helena and on a ranch near Canyon Ferry Lake	Artist and illustrator	^[26]
	1917–2010	Born in Kalispell	Artist; a founder of the Northwest School
	1950–present	Born in Great Falls; lives in Missoula	Lithographer painter; poster artist; watercolorist; one of Montana's most popular and widely known contemporary graphic artists; known for whimsical images of animals (trout swimming in a bathtub, elk with their antlers on fire, etc.)	^[27] ^[28]
	1936–1993	Lived and died in Great Falls	Satirical cartoonist who used the pen name "Mal"	^[29]
	1892–1989	Born in and raised in Billings	Syndicated cartoonist specializing in flapper-themed comic strips	^[30]
	1892–1942	Lived his later adult years at Pryor Creek and in Billings	Western artist; author; won the Newbery Medal in 1927	^[31]
	1869–1938	Lived in Sheridan, Demersville (now Kalispell), Helena, Butte, and Flathead Lake	Western sculptor and writer; Native American ally; Montana State Representative (1903–1905); Montana Assistant Secretary of State (1905–1907)	^[32] ^[33]
	1931–2013	Born in Billings; raised on sheep ranch near Lodge Grass; attended college in Missoula; lived in last years of his life Helena	Cartoonist who drew the comic strips Rick O'Shay and Latigo; western mystery novelist	^[34] ^[35]
	1852–1919	Moved to Montana at age 20; lived in Deer Lodge, Butte, and Missoula	19th-century realist painter	^[36]
	1896–1987	Born in Choteau; lived in Helena, Dawson County, and Billings	Western painter of the American Old West whose primary topics were the American West and images of cowboys and American Indians	^[37]
	1943–present	Born and raised on the Crow Indian Reservation; attended college in Bozeman and Billings; lives in Lodge Grass	Contemporary Native artist; some of his work is in the Smithsonian Institution	^[38]
	1886–1953	Spent significant time in Montana; ashes spread by the Blackfeet along the eastern edge of Glacier National Park	Painter; made over 250 paintings of Native Americans, especially the Blackfeet	^[39]
	1864–1926	Moved to Montana at age 16; lived in Cascade, and Great Falls	Western painter; storyteller; author; primary topics were the American Old West and images of cowboys and American Indians	^[40] ^[41]
	1914–1999	Born on the Blackfeet Reservation; lived near Glacier National Park	Sculptor of western themes	^[42] ^[43]
	1924–2002	Born, raised, and attended college in Bozeman; lived in Helena	Abstract expressionist ceramicist	^[44]

Photographers

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1868–1928	Lived in Terry	Photographer; moved to Terry in the late 19th century with her naturalist husband Ewen; together they took pictures of Montana prairie life	^[45] ^[46]
	1853–1921	Spent extensive time working in and photographing Montana	Photographer; publisher; entrepreneur; played a major role in documenting the settlement and early history of the Northwest through photographs; official photographer of the Northern Pacific Railway and Yellowstone National Park; operated early transportation concessions in the park from the West Yellowstone area	^[47]
	1843–1942	Spent extensive time photographing Montana, especially the Yellowstone region	Painter; Civil War and geological survey photographer; explorer of the American West; obtained the first photographs of Fort Ellis and settlements and geological features in the Paradise Valley along the Yellowstone River (1871)	^[48]
	1923–2009	Born in Butte; attended college in Bozeman	Architectural photographer with extensive portfolio of buildings of national (U.S.) importance	^[49]
	1876–1961	Photographer in Bozeman and Anaconda	With his brother Alfred, purchased the Bozeman photography business of Grant and Tippet, which was renamed "Schlechten Brothers"; later went into farming; then owned a photography studio in Anaconda; made large format camera series of photos of Yellowstone National Park	^[50]
	1877–1970	Photographer in Bozeman, Montana	With his brother Albert, purchased the Bozeman photography business of Grant and Tippet, which was renamed "Schlechten Brothers"; operated a solo portrait studio (1900–1940s)
	19??–197?	Photographer in Bozeman, Montana	Son of Alfred Schlechten; created a spoof college annual at Montana State College (1933); ran a studio in West Yellowstone, Montana, and conducted extensive photography of Yellowstone National Park; took over Schlechten Brothers studio in the 1940s	^[51]

Athletes

See main article: List of athletes from Montana. Montanans participate in a wide variety of sports, including baseball, basketball, boxing, cycling, football, golf, rodeo, figure skating, skiing, and wrestling.

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1945–present	Born and raised in Missoula	Olympic freestyle wrestler; bronze medalist at 1976 Summer Olympics	^[52]
	1953–present	Attended high school in Helena	National Football League left tackle (1975–1983); four-time Pro Bowler; played in three Super Bowls, winning one	^[53]
	1967–present	Born in Great Falls	Golden Gloves light welterweight national champion (1987); Olympics competitor (1988); professional boxer
	1945–present	Born and lived for several years in Deer Lodge	National Basketball Association (NBA) power forward (1968–1980) and head coach (1990–2011); considered one of the Top 10 coaches in NBA history	^[54] ^[55] ^[56]
	1973–present	Born and raised in Butte, Montana	American professional road bicycle racer; won the 2007, 2008 and 2009 editions of the Tour of California, the 2006 Dauphiné Libéré and the 2005 Deutschland Tour	^[57] ^[58]
	1920–1965	Born in Bridger; raised in Red Lodge	Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association world champion All-Around Cowboy (1950 & 1953); elected to ProRodeo Hall of Fame (1979)	^[59] ^[60] ^[61]
	1952–present	Lived in Kalispell	National Football League wide receiver (1974–1983)	^[62]
	1942–2002	Born and lived in Billings	Major League Baseball starting pitcher (1962–1975)	^[63] ^[64]
	1961–present	Born in Helena	First ever professional extreme skier	^[65] ^[66]
	1937–2017	Born in Great Falls	Rifle shooter three-time Olympic medalist—gold and silver in the 1964 Summer Olympics and gold in the 1972 Summer Olympics; once held 80 national championships and 29 world records	^[67] ^[68]

Authors

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1907–1968	Born in Missoula	Novelist	^[69]
	1958–present	Moved to Yaak Valley, near Troy in 1987; lives in Missoula	Novelist; memoirist; environmental activist	^[70]
	1871–1940	Lived most of her youth near Big Sandy	Author of novels, short stories; and screenplays about the American Old West	^[71]
	1935–1984	Lived in Paradise Valley during the late 1970s	Novelist; poet; short story writer	^[72]
	1944–present	Lives in Livingston	Travel writer founding editor of Outside magazine	^[73]
	1881–1976	Moved to Montana as an adult; lived in Stevensville, Butte, and Martinsdale	Short story writer, novelist; poet; journalist	^[74]
	1901–1980	Born in Helena	Short story writer; novelist; journalist	^[75]
	1939–2015	Born in White Sulphur Springs; raised there and in Pondera County; lived near Choteau	Novelist specializing in Montana and western themes	^[76]
	1941–present	Born and raised in Butte	Columnist; essayist; political activist; feminist	^[77]
	1901–1991	Moved to Montana as an infant; raised in Choteau	Novelist; screenwriter; historian; literary historian; won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1950; grandfather of Eden Atwood	^[78] ^[79]
	1937–2016	Lives Paradise Valley	Author; poet; essayist; food writer	^[80]
	1941–2017	Longtime resident of Park County	Novelist; screenwriter	^[81]
	1906–1951	Lived in Great Falls	Journalist; historian; author; specialized in the history, culture, and economic circumstances of Montana; Howard's 1943 book, Montana: High, Wide, and Handsome is considered a landmark	^[82] ^[83]
	1923–1982	Lived in Missoula	Poet; taught creative writing at the University of Montana	^[84]
	1905–1984	Moved to Whitefish as a child; attended college in, lived in, and taught college in Missoula	Author of American Old West fiction	^[85] ^[86]
	1932–2020	Taught college in Missoula; lived in Missoula since 1969	Author; professor	^[87]
	1970–present	Long term resident of Billings, which is frequently featured in his novels	Novelist, short story writer, sports writer	^[88]
	1902–1918	Attained international fame in 1902 with her memoir of three months in her life in Butte, The Story of Mary MacLane; referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people	Pioneering feminist author, film-maker, and media personality	^[89]
	1939–present	Born in Great Falls; lived in Missoula	Novelist; memoirist	^[90]
	1939–present	Moved to Montana in 1968; lived in Paradise Valley and McLeod	Novelist; short story writer; essayist; screenplay writer	^[91]
	1972–present	Born and raised in Helena	Fiction writer; sister of Colin Meloy	^[92] ^[93]
	1893–1975	Born in Great Falls	Missionary linguist; lexicographer	^[94]
	1948–present	Moved to and lives in Bozeman since circa 1973	Fiction, science, and travel writer	^[95]
	1983–present	Raised and lives in Paradise Valley	Fantasy writer	^[96]
	1859–1947	Lived in Browning, Carroll, and Bozeman; buried on the Blackfeet Reservation	Also known as "Apikuni"; author; explorer; Glacier National Park guide; fur trader; historian of the Blackfoot Indians	^[97]
	1909–1993	Raised in Great Falls	Historian; novelist; short story writer; environmentalist;, often called "The Dean of Western Writers"; won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1972)	^[98]
	1943–2019	Born, raised, and lives in Billings; attended college in Missoula	Journalist; author	^[99]

Business figures

Architects

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1892–1961	Lived in Kalispell; died in Flathead County	Architect; a dozen of Brinkman's extant works in and around Kalispell have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places	^[100]
	1873–1938	Designed historic buildings in Billings, Helena, Livingston and Gardiner	Architect; most noted for the Old Faithful Inn in Yellowstone National Park	^[101]
	1877–1956	Born and lived in Bozeman	Architect; designed many buildings that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places	^[102]

Entrepreneurs

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1857–1943	Lived near Billings, Lavina, and Martinsdale	Railroadman; sheep husbandry; philanthropist	^[103] ^[104] ^[105]
	1967–present	Born in Butte; raised in Missoula	Entrepreneur (Expedia, Avvo); venture investor; lawyer	^[106]
	1857–1931	Lived in Helena	Entrepreneur who managed development and ranching companies in Helena; a founder and longtime president of the Yellowstone Park Company	^[107]
	1961–present	Lives in Bozeman	Founder of RightNow Technologies in Bozeman, MT (1997), Montana congressman (2017-21), Montana governor (2021–present)
	1949?–present	Lives in Billings	President and CEO of Kampgrounds of America (KOA)	^[108]
	1864–1933	Lived in Butte	Copper magnate; president of Anaconda Copper Mining Company; creator of Montana Power Company	^[109]
	1938–present	Lives on a ranch near Bozeman	Entrepreneur; philanthropist; raises buffalo	^[110]
	1934–present	Lives in Missoula	Entrepreneur; industrialist; philanthropist	^[111] ^[112]
	1826–1903	Buried in Gardiner; substantial business connections there and in Crevice Creek, Montana	Yellowstone National Park concessionaire who operated Yancey's Pleasant Valley Hotel near Tower Junction in Yellowstone (1882–1903)	^[113]

Clergy

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1864–1925	Lived in Helena	Second Bishop of Helena; Carroll College in Helena is named in his honor	^[114]
	1939–2009	Lived on Royal Teton Ranch near Gardiner, died in Bozeman	New Age religious figure	^[115] ^[116]
	1960–present	Born in Kalispell, Montana	American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church; twelfth and current Bishop of Marquette, Michigan	^[117]
	1837–1923	Spent considerable time in Montana as an Episcopal bishop	Ordained a bishop of the Episcopal Church in 1866; first assignment was first Episcopal Bishop of Montana (1866–1880), a missionary field that included Montana, Utah, and Idaho at the time	^[118]
		Born in Montana	Founder of Swiftfire Ministries International

Entertainment and performing arts

Montanans participate in many aspects of the entertainment and performing arts fields, including acting, animation, directing, and music.

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1963–present	Born in Havre; raised in Big Sandy; attended college and resides in Missoula	Bassist of Pearl Jam	^[119] ^[120]
	1901–1961	Born and raised on a ranch near Helena	Actor who specialized in westerns; nominated for five Academy Awards and won twice for Sergeant York (1942) and High Noon (1952)	^[121] ^[122]
	1946–present	Born in Missoula	Film and television director; nominated for four Academy Awards	^[123]
	1915–2005	Born in Deer Lodge	Actress; appeared in 70 movies 1932–1966;^[124] attended Pasadena schools and graduated from John Muir High School;^[125] had a successful career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer MGM Studios	^[126] ^[127]
	1916–1994	Born in Butte	Actress; standards singer; nurse; strong supporter of American military; toured with the United Service Organizations (USO) during World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam War; only woman buried in the Special Forces cemetery at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and was buried with full military honors there though never on active duty; known as "Colonel Maggie" to the American military; an honorary Green Beret; awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1993 for her lifetime support to the American military
	1972–present	Raised in Great Falls	Singer, beatboxer, comedian	^[128]
	1980–present	Born and raised in Kalispell	Academy Award-nominated actress	^[129]

Journalists

Journalists collect and disseminate information about current events, people, trends, and issues.^[130] The following individuals are prominent journalists from Montana.

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1911–1974	Born in Cardwell; attended high school in Whitehall; attended college in Bozeman; died in Big Sky	Television newscaster; co-anchored the evening news program The Huntley-Brinkley Report	^[131] ^[132]
	1939–present	Raised in Billings; lives part-time in Big Timber	Sportscaster host of The NFL Today (1975–1989)	^[133] ^[134]
	1975–present	Born in Helena; attended college and graduated from University of Montana	Technology journalist; host of CNET's video series Always On with CNET TV

Military

Prior to statehood in 1889, the U. S. Army played a key role in facilitating settlement via actions against Native Americans, exploration and surveying. During World War I over 40,000 Montanans served in the armed forces, 25% more than any other state on a per-capita basis. Over 1,500 Montanans died in World War I.^[135] World War II brought air bases to Montana with the establishment of Malmstrom AFB, Montana in 1941 outside Great Falls, Montana. The Cold War saw the plains of eastern Montana become Minuteman Missile fields.^[136] The following individuals were prominent members of the United States armed forces and/or participated in significant military events in Montana.

Medal of Honor recipients

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1919–1944	Native of Geyser, in Judith Basin County	Army captain; Medal of Honor recipient for actions in Italy during World War II; killed in action	^[137] ^[138]
	1855–1888	Enlisted at Fort Ellis, near Bozeman; awarded Medal of Honor at Battle of the Big Hole, in southwest Montana	Army sergeant; Medal of Honor recipient for actions in Montana during the Nez Perce War of 1877	^[139]
	1856–1930	Lived and died in Great Falls	Army captain; Medal of Honor recipient for actions during the Philippine–American War in 1900	^[140]
	1918–1945	Raised in Pablo and Ronan	Army Tech 4 (medic); Medal of Honor recipient for actions in the Philippines during World War II; killed in action	^[141]
	1909–1967	From Madison County	Army private first class; Medal of Honor recipient for actions in Italy during the Battle of Monte Cassino
	1923–1945	Raised near Columbus	Marine private first class; Medal of Honor recipient for actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima; killed in action	^[142]
	1918–1997	From Scobey	Army private first class; Medal of Honor recipient for actions in Italy during World War II
	1869–1936	Moved to Helena in 1888; joined the Montana National Guard in 1889	Army corporal; Medal of Honor recipient for actions in South Dakota during the Sioux Wars of 1891	^[143]

Montana territorial period

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1831?–1890	Spent significant portions of his life in southeastern Montana	Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies; vision of soldiers falling into camp was significant to fighters in the Battle of the Little Bighorn	^[144]
	1840–1892	Stationed at Fort Ellis and buried in Bozeman	U.S. Army Cavalry captain; explorer; inventor; Civil War soldier who played a prominent role in the exploration of Yellowstone National Park as a member of the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition	^[145]
	1832?–1877	Principal architect of the military campaign for his people through much of western Montana during the Nez Perce War	War leader of the Nez Perce; initially opposed going to war with the whites	^[146]
	1858–1940	Spent significant portions of his life in southeastern Montana	Northern Cheyenne warrior who fought in the Battle of the Little Bighorn and several other battles in the late 1800s	^[147]
	1820–1894	Led Raynolds Expedition (1859–1860) to the Yellowstone River and Bighorn Canyon; Raynolds Pass named in his honor	U.S. Army Colonel; explorer; engineer; Mexican War and Civil War officer; member of the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers	^[148]
	1834–1889	Buried in the Custer National Cemetery (1967) with honors, on the Little Bighorn Battlefield	Career military officer in the American Civil War and in the Black Hills War against the Lakota (Sioux) and Northern Cheyenne; had significant role in the Battle of Little Big Horn	^[149]
	18??–1892	Led the military campaign for his people through much of western Montana during the Nez Perce War	War leader of the Lamátta band of the Nez Perce; led his band to and stayed in Pincher Creek, Alberta, Canada	^[150]
	1820?–1904	Born in and spent most of his life in southeastern Montana	Leader of the Northern Cheyenne; was not present at the Battle of the Little Bighorn but played roles preceding and after it; led his people in many other battles and the Northern Cheyenne Exodus	^[151]

State of Montana

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1858–1917	Built North Entrance Road and Roosevelt Arch in Yellowstone (Gardiner)	Seattle district engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers; in Yellowstone (1891–1892, 1899–1906)	^[152]
	1913–1968	Born in Harlowton	United States Air Force general; commander of the Air Force Logistics Command	^[153]
	1946–present	Born in Great Falls	Naval pilot; 26th Chief of Naval Operations (1996–2000)	^[154]
	1941–present	Born and raised in Frenchtown	Air Force major general; Vietnam War veteran; awarded 7 Distinguished Flying Crosses	^[155]
	1906–2001	Born in Chinook; raised in Fort Benton	United States Navy admiral; Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) (1963–1964); Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command (CINCPAC) (1964–1968); related to Ulysses S. Grant by marriage	^[156]

Pioneers (pre-1900)

Prior to 1850, Montana was unsettled territory. Much of the state was part of a much larger Dakota Territory in 1863 and the westernmost portion of the state became part of the Oregon Territory in 1848. The territory was the realm of fur traders and Native Americans. The first European settlements were Christian missions in the western part of the state (1821). A fur trading settlement at Fort Benton on the Missouri River was established in 1847. In the 1850s, pioneers traveling along the Mormon and Oregon Trails started moving north into the Beaverhead River country establishing Montana's first cattle ranches. Gold was first discovered in Montana at Gold Creek near present day Garrison, Montana in 1852. Major gold strikes were made at Alder Gulch, Montana in 1864 spawning present day Virginia City, Montana and Bannack, Montana, the first territorial capital. In 1883 the Northern Pacific Railway completed its transcontinental route across Montana followed by the Great Northern Railway in 1893. From the first gold strikes to the beginning of the 20th century, pioneers flowed into Montana to establish mines, cattle ranches, lumber mills, banks, mercantiles, tourism, Yellowstone National Park and farms across the state. The following individuals played a prominent role in this pioneer period of Montana history.

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1835–1867	Lived in Bozeman and Deer Lodge	Entrepreneur; established the Bozeman Trail (1863), a cutoff route from the Oregon Trail in Wyoming to Bannack, Montana; guided miners to Virginia City through the Gallatin Valley; established town of Bozeman in Gallatin Valley	^[157]
	1849–1919	Lived in Helena	Entrepreneur; lawman; legislator; Montana territorial senator, sheriff of Lewis and Clark County, Montana, hardware store owner, hotel owner and sheriff in Deadwood, South Dakota	^[158]
	1839–1925	Lived in Bannack, Deer Lodge, and Butte	Entrepreneur; Copper King; banker; railroader; United States Senator (1899–1900, 1901–1907)	^[159] ^[160]
	1841–1900	Lived in Butte	Entrepreneur; Copper King; horse breeder	^[161]
	1801–1873	Established Christian missions in Flathead Valley and Bitterroot Valley of Montana	Belgian Roman Catholic priest and member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); missionary work among the Native Americans of the Western United States in the mid-19th century	^[162]
	1851–1882	Lived in Butte (1877–1880); law officer there (1879–1880)	Brother of Deputy U.S. Marshals Virgil and Wyatt Earp; participated in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral	^[163]
	1816–1901	Lived in Helena	Member of the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition exploring the area which later became Yellowstone National Park; became lost for 37 days during the 1870 expedition and later wrote about his experiences for Scribner's Monthly; appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Montana Territory by President Abraham Lincoln (1864–1870)	^[164] ^[165]
	1869–1914	Lived in Butte	Entrepreneur; Copper King	^[166]
	1852–1903	Lived in Miles City, Livingston and Paradise Valley	Also known as "Martha Jane Cannary Burke"; frontierswoman; professional scout; acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok; fighter of Native American Indians	^[167]
	1824?–1900	Lived near Alder Gulch and Red Lodge	Mountain man of the American Old West; inspiration for the film Jeremiah Johnson (1972)	^[168]
	1869–1914	Lived near Deer Lodge	Cattle baron the home ranch near Deer Lodge, Montana is now the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site	^[169]
	1832–1911	Lived in Helena	Explorer; businessman; bureaucrat; vigilante; historian; played an important role in the early years of the Montana gold fields, territorial government and the creation of Yellowstone National Park; appointed Collector of Internal Revenue and National Bank Examiner for the Montana Territorial government (1864–1869)	^[170]
	1840–1917	Lived in Helena	Businessman; bureaucrat; he served as territorial auditor and personal secretary to the governor; partnered with Seth Bullock in a hardware store in Deadwood, South Dakota by the promise of business stemming from the gold rush	^[171]
	1838–1926	Lived near and in Bozeman	Cattle rancher and "Cattle King"; gold miner; vigilante; led first major cattle drive from Texas into Montana (1866) along the Bozeman Trail, which inspired Lonesome Dove	^[172]
	1832–1871	Lived in Helena	Led the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition to explore what would become Yellowstone National Park; Mount Washburn, located within the park, is named for him; surveyor general of Montana in 1869 and served until his death (1869–1871) U.S. Representative from Indiana; general in the Union Army during the American Civil War	^[173]
	1839–1919	Lived in and buried in Bozeman	U.S. Civil War officer in the Union Army; Assistant Quartermaster General of New York; Montana merchant and politician in Bozeman, Montana	^[174] ^[175] ^[176]

Politicians

See main article: List of Governors of Montana, United States congressional delegations from Montana, List of United States Senators from Montana and List of United States Representatives from Montana. Montana became a territory on May 26, 1864. The territorial government was first formed at the first territorial capital Bannack. Later the territorial capital was moved to Virginia City (1865), and Helena (1875). On November 8, 1889, Montana became a state and Helena remained the capital. During the territorial period, most senior government positions were appointed by the U.S. President. Once Montana became a state, elections were held for state and federal offices. The U.S. President still appointed judges to the federal courts in Montana. Prominent Montana politicians include the longest serving Senate Majority Leader, Senator Mike Mansfield and first woman Congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin.

State legislators

See main article: List of Montana state senators and List of Montana state representatives. The Montana State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Montana. It is composed of the 100-member Montana House of Representatives and the 50-member Montana Senate.^[177]

Judges

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1925–1996	Raised, attended college, and died in Billings	United States Representative from Montana (1961–1969); judge for United States District Court for the District of Montana (1969–1990, chief judge from 1978)	^[178] ^[179]
	1918–2012	Born in Great Falls; raised in Belt; attended college in Bozeman and law school in Missoula	Judge on United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit	^[180]
	1947–2017	Lived in Butte and Helena	Second female justice and first female chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court (1991–2008, chief justice 2000–2008)	^[181] ^[182] ^[183]
	1953–present	Born, raised and attended college in Bozeman; attended law school in Missoula	Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; professor	^[184]

Political leaders and activists

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1946–2011^[185]	Born and lived on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation	Accountant; banker; rancher; lead plaintiff in Cobell v. Salazar, a successful $3.4 billion class action settlement on behalf of Native Americans against the federal government	^[186] ^[187]
	1848–1932	Born in Montana, possibly near Billings; lived in south-central Montana most of his life; spent later years near Pryor	Chief of the Mountain Crows, or Apsáalooke, band of the Crow Nation	^[188] ^[189]
	1860–1911	Moved to Montana from New Hampshire after finishing college; lived and worked in Helena, Butte, and then Glendive	Pioneer of women's rights in Montana; teacher; first woman to practice law in Montana and the first woman ever to plead a case before the U.S. Circuit Court; first woman to run for state Attorney General	^[190]
	1937–2013	Graduated from high school in Butte; taught college in Great Falls	Anthropologist writer; political activist; participated in the Native American occupation of Alcatraz Island	^[191]
	1840–1904	Led his people through much of western Montana during the Nez Perce War, eventually surrendering in the Bear Paw Mountains, close to the Canada–US border	Chief of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce; humanitarian; peacemaker	^[192]
	1967–present	Lived in Billings, Browning, Bozeman, Missoula, and Helena	Teacher; Montana State Superintendent of Public Instruction; head of Montana Office of Public Instruction; first American Indian woman to be elected to statewide executive office in Montana; member of Mandan and Hidatsa tribes	^[193]
	1946–present	Born and raised in eastern Montana; attended law school in Missoula	Author; lawyer; speaker and minority leader of the Montana House of Representatives (1983–1985); mayor of Missoula (1990–1996)	^[194]
	1850–1931	Moved to Virginia City as a teen	Montana militiaman; scout; camp follower; often lived with the Crow Nation; author of historical account Memoirs of a White Crow Indian	^[195]
	1903–2001	Moved to Great Falls as at a very young age; attended college in Butte and Missoula	Served in the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps; miner; professor; Senator (1953–1977); longest serving Senate Majority Leader (1961–1977); ambassador to Japan (1977–1988)	^[196] ^[197]
	1929–2021	Born and lived on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation	Chief of the Blackfoot Confederacy	^[198]
	1948–present	Born in Thompson Falls; raised in Miles City and Libby	Governor of Montana (1993–2001); chairman of the Republican National Committee (2002–2003); lawyer	^[199] ^[200]
	1880–1973	Born near and attended college in Missoula	First female member of the United States Congress (1917–1919, 1941–1943); only member of Congress to vote against United States entry into World War II; sister of Wellington D. Rankin	^[201] ^[202]
	1884–1966	Born near and attended college in Missoula	Attorney; Montana Attorney General (1920–26); landowner; brother of Jeannette Rankin	^[203] ^[204]
	1921–2003	Born in Great Falls; raised in Helena	US Senator from Delaware (1971–2001); namesake of Roth IRA	^[205]
	1876–1945	Moved to Montana as an adult in 1913; lived in Dillon	Navigator, medical doctor, reserve naval officer, United States Representative from Montana (1939–1941)	^[206]
	1946–2009	Born in Helena; raised and lived on the Crow Indian Reservation	Chairman of the Crow Nation (2002–2009)	^[207] ^[208]
	1876–1945	Settled in Butte after losing his belongings in a poker game during a train stop in Butte while on the way to Seattle, Washington	Lawyer and United States Senator from Montana (1923–1947)	^[209] ^[210]
	1948–present	Born in Wyola; lived in Helena and Bozeman	Administrator; member of Montana Senate (1985–1993); member of the Crow Nation	^[211]
	1889?–1988	Born and raised in Lodge Grass	Lawyer; Indian leader; member of the Crow Nation	^[212]

Recreationalists

Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.^[213] The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology.^[214] Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun". Since the late 1800s, Montana has been a mecca for fly fishing, hunting, hiking, climbing and other recreations. The following individuals are prominent in the recreational history of Montana.

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1962–present	Lives in Bozeman	Rock climber, mountaineer, and author famous for his challenging ascents in the high Himalaya and Antarctica	^[215]
	1904–1982	Lived in Livingston	Fly-shop owner; innovative fly developer; staunch Western conservationist	^[216]
	1906–2008	Born and lived in Butte	Angler innovative fly developer; author; conservationist; active for many years on the Big Hole River	^[217]
	1958–1999	Lived in Bozeman	Mountain climber American Alpine Club's Underhill Award (1995); The North Face climbing team; mountain peak near Bozeman named in his honor	^[218]
	1901–1939	Worked near Missoula; Bob Marshall Wilderness in Montana named in his honor	Forester wilderness advocate; co-founder of The Wilderness Society	^[219] ^[220]
	1859–1922	Died in Glacier National Park; spent considerable time climbing in Montana	Psychologist environmental conservationist and alpinist; credited with many first ascents in Glacier National Park	^[221]

Scientists

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	since 1936	Born in Lewistown; attended college in Bozeman	Physicist and astronaut who flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-51-F as a payload specialist; unsuccessful candidate for the Montana legislature in 2006; physics professor at Montana State University	^[222]
	1925–2014	Lived in Hamilton	Medical entomologist discovered the bacterial pathogen that causes Lyme disease, a spirochete which was named Borrelia burgdorferi in his honor; worked for many years at the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) in Hamilton, a U.S. National Institutes of Health research facility	^[223]
	since 1940	Lives in Bozeman	Botanist plant ecologist; fire behavior specialist; specializes in the flora of Yellowstone National Park	^[224]
	1849–1938	Significant contributions to the preservation of Glacier National Park and bison in Montana; Grinnell Glacier named in his honor	Anthropologist historian; naturalist; writer; associate of James Willard Schultz	^[225]
	since 1951	Born in Livingston; attended high school in Billings	Child psychologist non-fiction author; special education teacher	^[226]
	1919–2005	Born and raised near Miles City; attended college in Bozeman	Microbiologist who developed over three dozen vacciness; credited with saving more lives than any other scientist of the 20th century; Robert Gallo described him as "the most successful vaccinologist in history"	^[227] ^[228] ^[229]
	1920–2008	Born and raised in Great Falls; attended college in Bozeman	Physicist and a pioneer in microwave and semiconductor technology	^[230]
	1914–1983	Born attended college, and died in Helena	Biophysicist invented the Holter monitor; awarded the Laufman-Greatbatch Prize for his contributions to medical technology by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation in 1979	^[231]
	since 1938	Born in Missoula	Biologist physician; biochemist; Lemelson–MIT Prize recipient; member of National Inventors Hall of Fame	^[232]
	since 1946	Born in Shelby; attended college in and resides in Bozeman	Paleontologist discovered and named Maiasaura, providing the first clear evidence that some dinosaurs cared for their young; technical advisor for all of the Jurassic Park films, including being partial inspiration for the character Dr. Alan Grant	^[233] ^[234]
	1871–1910	Worked in the Bitterroot Valley on Rocky Mountain spotted fever	Bacteriologist pathogen causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii was named after him	^[235]
	1893–1981	Studied zoology in Missoula	Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934	^[236]
	since 1939	Born and studied science in Great Falls	Professor at Stanford University; director of the Stanford Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine	^[237] ^[238]

Others

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1896–2011	Moved to Montana at age 18; lived and died in Great Falls	Supercentenarian lived to age 114; at one time the world's oldest living man	^[239] ^[240]
	1916–1997	Born in Lewistown; grew up in Great Falls; lived in Helena; died in Bozeman	Librarian; head of Great Falls Public Library (1954–1973); first African American Montana State Librarian (1973–1981)	^[241] ^[242]
	since 1957	Lives in Bozeman	Mountain climber philanthropist	^[243] ^[244]
	since 1969	Grew up in Corvallis	Professional poker player	^[245]
	since 1954	Lives in Livingston	Physician; operated women's clinics in Bozeman and Livingston	^[246] ^[247]

• Dustin Lind, director of hitting and assistant hitting coach for the San Francisco Giants

Infamous Montanans

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	1977–2006	Born and raised in Whitefish	Mass murderer responsible for Seattle's Capitol Hill massacre	^[248]
	1904–1985	Born and raised in Bald Butte, Montana; later lived in other parts of Montana	President of United Mine Workers of America union (1963–1972); later convicted in a murder case that also involved embezzlement	^[249] ^[250]
	1942–2023	Lived near Lincoln at the time of his capture	Domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber	^[251] ^[252]
	1867–1904	Spent several years in various parts of Montana, especially in what is now Chouteau County and Phillips County	Outlaw circumstances of death disputed	^[253] ^[254] ^[255]
	1832–1864	Lived in Bannack, then part of Idaho Territory	Sheriff/outlaw of Bannack; hanged by vigilantes	^[256]
	since 1956	Lived in Rimini most of his adult life prior to his arrest	Committed to a mental institution after the 1998 United States Capitol shootings	^[257]

Fictional Montanans

Name! style="width:12%;" scope="col"

Lifetime	Montana connection	Comments	Refs
	Not stated	Born and raised in Miles City per the 1971 film but in other adaptations is stated as being from two different cities in Georgia	Fictional character in the Roald Dahl children's books Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, and the Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) film adaptations	^[258]
	since 1965	Born on a cattle ranch in Montana	Fictional character in the animated series King of the Hill	^[259] ^[260]
	Not stated	Born and raised in Bozeman	Fictional character from the CBS crime drama	^[261]
	since 1963	CBS biography originally stated she was from Bozeman; later it was changed to Las Vegas, Nevada	Fictional character on the CBS crime drama	^[262]

See also

• List of Montana suffragists
• Lists of Americans

External links

• Montana's Tourism's List of Famous Montanans
• Sports Illustrated's 1999 list of The 50 Greatest Montana Sports Figures of the 20th century
• Montana Historical Society's list of famous Montanans
• e-Referencedesk list of famous Montanans
• ThingsToDo list of famous Montanans

Notes and References

1. Web site: Montana Code Annotated 2009 – Title 1, chapter 1, Part 5 "State Symbols – Official Designations". State of Montana. July 21, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110812163324/http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca_toc/1_1_5.htm. August 12, 2011. mdy-all.
2. Web site: Montana's Population Projections: 1995–2025. United States Census Bureau. July 21, 2011.
3. Web site: Montana. United States Department of Labor – Bureau of Labor Statistics. July 21, 2011.
4. News: National-park visitors boost Montana's tourism stats. Billings Gazette. October 17, 2009. Thackeray. Lorna. July 21, 2011.
5. Web site: Stephen E. Ambrose, PhD. Academy of Achievement. August 12, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111005233629/http://achievement.org/autodoc/page/amb0bio-1. October 5, 2011. mdy-all.
6. Web site: Chief Historians fo (sic) the National Park Service. National Park Service. August 11, 2011.
7. Web site: Judy Blunt – Associate Professor. University of Montana. July 26, 2011.
8. Web site: Dan Flores . University of Montana . July 30, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111005050303/http://www.cas.umt.edu/casweb/faculty/facultyDetails.cfm?ID=628&CFID=350110&CFTOKEN=15907718 . dead . October 5, 2011 .
9. Web site: Malcolm Knowles, Informal Adult Education, Self-direction and Andragogy. Smith. Mark K. . Encyclopedia of Informal Education. August 13, 2011.
10. News: Norman Maclean, 87, a Professor Who Wrote About Fly-Fishing. Fraser. C. Gerald. New York Times. August 3, 1990. July 26, 2011.
11. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Norman F. Maclean. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
12. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Janine Pease. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
13. Book: Rydell, Robert. In The People's Interest: A Centennial History of Montana State University. 1992. Montana State University. Bozeman, MT. 978-0-9635114-0-9. 59–71.
14. Web site: Lester Thurow. MIT Sloan School of Management. July 24, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110608063500/http://mitsloan.mit.edu/faculty/detail.php?in_spseqno=146&co_list=F. June 8, 2011. mdy-all.
15. News: Not here, surely?. Economist. December 8, 2005. July 30, 2011.
16. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: K. Ross Toole. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
17. Book: Lundquist, Suzanne Evertsen. Native American Literatures: an introduction. New York. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2004. 978-0-8264-1599-8 . 80.
18. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: James Welch. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
19. News: Installation view of Brad Adkins' show at PDX Contemporary Art. June 24, 2010. Bowie. Chas. Oregonian. July 24, 2011.
20. Web site: Anne Appleby – Paintings. Greg Kucera Studios. July 24, 2011.
21. Web site: Rudy Autio. Montana Artists. July 24, 2011.
22. Web site: John Buck and Deborah Butterfield . Montana Arts Council . July 24, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111001022207/http://art.mt.gov/about/BuckButterfieldProfile.pdf . October 1, 2011 .
23. News: Butterfield's horses ride into MAC opening . East Valley Tribune. September 14, 2005. July 24, 2011.
24. Web site: The Renaissance of Russell Chatham . Wilkinson . Todd . New West . July 25, 2006 . July 24, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120918014714/http://www.newwest.net/index.php/topic/article/the_renaissance_of_russell_chatham/C39/L39 . September 18, 2012 .
25. To Find Russell Chatham, Look Homeward. Wilkinson. Todd. Wildlife Art Journal. August 30, 2011. dead. https://archive.today/20130105165811/http://www.wildlifeartjournal.com/articles/wildlife-art-journal-premium-content/summer-2011/179/to-find-russell-chatham-look-homeward.html. January 5, 2013. mdy-all.
26. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Fanny Cory Cooney. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
27. Book: Peterson, Eric. Frommer's Montana & Wyoming. Hoboken, NJ. Wiley. 2010. 978-0-470-59150-5. 99.
28. News: Decades of Dolack. Downey. Mark. Great Falls Tribune. October 29, 2000.
29. News: Deaths Elsewhere – Malcolm Hancock. Baltimore Sun. February 19, 1993. July 25, 2011.
30. Book: Harvey, Robert C.. Children of the Yellow Kid: The Evolution of the American Comic Strip. Seattle. University of Washington Press. 1998. 0-295-97778-7. 58.
31. Web site: Will James: Nevada Writers Hall of Fame 1991. Nevada Writers Hall of Fame. University of Nevada, Reno. July 25, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120327024548/http://knowledgecenter.unr.edu/libraries/support/writers_hof/james.html. March 27, 2012. mdy-all.
32. Web site: Guide to the Frank Bird Linderman Memorial Collection 1885–2005. Northwestern Digital Archives – University of Montana. July 25, 2011.
33. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Frank Linderman. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
34. Web site: Stan Lynde: Montana's Cartoon Character. Reese. Dave. Montana Living. July 30, 2010. July 25, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111014135739/http://montanaliving.com/People/Stan-Lynde-Montana-s-Cartoon-Character-412. October 14, 2011. mdy-all.
35. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Stan Lynde. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
36. Book: Paxson, Edgar William. E.S Paxson, Frontier Artist. 1984. Pruett Publishing Company. Boulder, CO. 978-0-87108-663-1. 1–126.
37. Mentzer. Elizabeth. Autumn 2003. Made in Montana Montana's Post Office Murals. Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Montana Historical Society. Helena, MT. 53. 3. 44–53. July 25, 2011.
38. Web site: Kevin Red Star. Autry National Center. July 25, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110811203534/http://theautry.org/masters-of-the-american-west-2011/kevin-red-star. August 11, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
39. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: F. Winold Reiss. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 25, 2011.
40. Book: Taliaferro, John. Charles M. Russell: The Life and Legend of America's Cowboy Artist. 2003. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman, OK. 978-0-8061-3495-6. 1–10. July 25, 2011.
41. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Charles Marion Russell. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
42. Web site: Lambert . Kirby . Seeing Bob Scriver's Artwork: An Intermountain Tour . Montana Traveler . July 25, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113541/http://visitmt.com/history/Montana_the_Magazine_of_Western_History/montanaTraveler.htm . July 18, 2011 .
43. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Robert Macfie Scriver. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
44. Web site: Peter Voulkos (1924–2002). Dartmouth College. July 25, 2011.
45. Book: Lucey, Donna M. . Photographing Montana, 1894–1928: The Life and Work of Evelyn Cameron . Mountain Press. Missoula, Montana . 2000 . 0-87842-425-3 .
46. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Evelyn Cameron. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
47. Book: Tilden, Freeman . Following the Frontier with F. Jay Haynes-Pioneer Photographer of the Old West . Alfred A. Knopf . New York . 1964.
48. Selmeier . Lewis W. . William Henry Jackson-First Camera on the Yellowstone . Montana: The Magazine of Western History . Historical Society of Montana . Helena, MT . July 1972 . XXII . 3 . 42–53.
49. News: Sullivan, Patricia . October 31, 2009 . Obituary-Robert C. Lautman, 85; architectural photographer . Washington Post . August 17, 2011.
50. Web site: The Schlechten Collection. Museum of the Rockies. Montana State University. August 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110930061136/http://muse.museum.montana.edu/photoarc/info/schlechten-info.html. dead. September 30, 2011.
51. Book: Smith, Phyllis. Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley: A History. 2002. Globe Pequot Press. Guilford, CT. 1-56044-540-8. 253.
52. Melby, Richie. (February 10, 2018).
    1. MTTop20 No. 1: Olympic medalist Gene Davis the pioneer in Montana wrestling
    . MontanaSports.com. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
53. Web site: Pat Donovan. Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 31, 2011.
54. Web site: Phil Jackson (player). Basketball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 31, 2011.
55. Web site: Phil Jackson (coach). Basketball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 31, 2011.
56. Web site: Phil Jackson still plans to retire . ESPN . McMenamin . Dave . July 31, 2011 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110130064337/http://sports.espn.go.com/los-angeles/nba/news/story?id=6066049 . January 30, 2011 .
57. News: Daniel. Benson. Lefevere confirms that Leipheimer will ride for Omega Pharma-Quickstep. Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. September 21, 2011. January 4, 2012.
58. Web site: Omega Pharma Pro Cycling Team . September 13, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121011160840/http://omegapharma-quickstep.com/en/team/rider/levi-leipheimer . October 11, 2012 . dead . mdy-all .
59. News: Three Riding Linderman Brothers Keep Name at Top of Rodeo Game. Ellensburg Daily Record. September 4, 1948. July 30, 2011.
60. Web site: Bill Linderman. ProRodeo Hall of Fame. August 21, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022447/http://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=38%3Ak1&catid=9&Itemid=24. July 16, 2011. mdy-all.
61. Sport: Champion Cowboy. Time. https://web.archive.org/web/20101116184106/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,889903,00.html. dead. November 16, 2010. March 8, 1954. August 21, 2011.
62. Web site: Daily Inter Lake, Kalispell home to many black standout athletes . April 21, 2018 . April 21, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180421162834/http://www.dailyinterlake.com/article/20170227/ARTICLE/170229882 . dead .
63. Web site: Dave McNally. Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 30, 2011.
64. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Dave McNally. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 24, 2011.
65. Over the Edge. Masia. Seth. February 1993. Boys' Life. 26–29. August 4, 2011.
66. Web site: Scott Schmidt. Ski Channel. August 22, 2011.
67. Web site: Lones Wigger, Sr. Passed Away. Montana Rifle and Pistol Association. August 4, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110616112101/http://www.mtrpa.org/phpBB2/articles.php?tid=1437. June 16, 2011. mdy-all.
68. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Lones Wigger Jr.. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 24, 2011.
69. Web site: Dorothy Dodds Baker. New York Review Books. July 26, 2011.
70. Web site: A Guide to the Rick Bass Papers, 1982–1994. University of Texas. Southwest Writer's Collection. July 25, 2011.
71. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: B. M. Bower. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
72. Book: Barber, John F.. Richard Brautigan: Essays on the Writings and Life. Jefferson, NC. McFarland & Co.. 2007. 978-0-7864-8251-1 . 25, 99, 225, 253.
73. Web site: 100 Countries and Counting. San Francisco State University. July 26, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629075107/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/fall_08/alumni2.html. June 29, 2011. mdy-all.
74. Web site: Collection 34 – Grace Stone Coates Papers, 1933–1960. Montana State University Library. July 26, 2011.
75. Foote. Timothy. January 28, 1974. A Swimmer's Tale (review of I Heard the Owl Call My Name). TIME. https://web.archive.org/web/20081222050930/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911085,00.html. dead. December 22, 2008. July 26, 2011.
76. Web site: Ivan Doig, Montana's Novelist. Montana State University Library. July 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111001005516/http://www.lib.montana.edu/displays/10ivandoig.php. October 1, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
77. News: Barbara Ehrenreich. New York Times. July 26, 2011. July 1, 2004.
78. News: A. B. Guthrie Jr., 90; Pulitzer Winner Wrote of Old West. The Los Angeles Times. April 27, 1991. July 26, 2011.
79. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: A. B. Guthrie Jr.. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
80. News: Indoors With a Poet of the Outdoors. The Wall Street Journal . August 13, 2011. Alexandra. Alter. July 10, 2009.
81. Web site: Author Details Livingston's Literary Legacy. The Bloomsbury of the Rockies. Travel. York. Mark A.. August 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110711081905/http://travel.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474977447592. July 11, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
82. Roeder, Richard B. . Joseph Kinsey Howard and his Vision of the West. Montana: The Magazine of Western History. March 1980 . 30. 1. 2–11. Montana Historical Society Press. Helena, MT.
83. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Joseph Kinsey Howard. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 25, 2011.
84. Web site: Richard Hugo. Poets.org. August 4, 2011.
85. Web site: Guide to the Dorothy M. Johnson Papers 1844–1984. Northwest Digital Archives – University of Montana. July 26, 2011.
86. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Dorothy Johnson. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
87. Web site: Columbia Gorge Writers Conference: Faculty. Mountain Writers Series. Mountain Writers. July 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110204163857/http://www.mountainwriters.org/events/faculty.html. February 4, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
88. http://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/600Hours
89. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-MacLane
90. News: Hanging Out in the 'Nabe' with Writer Cyra McFadden. Noe Valley Voice. May 1997. Dalle-Molle. Kathy. July 26, 2011.
91. Tom McGuane: Master of Fiction, Fishing and Horses. Distinctly Montana. Spring 2006. Hemingway. Valerie. July 27, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111004052652/http://www.distinctlymontana.com/article/tom-mcguane-master-fiction-fishing-and-horses. October 4, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
92. Hot or Cold. The New Yorker. December 22, 2003. Meloy. Maile. July 28, 2011.
93. News: Irrational Behavior. The New York Times. July 8, 2009. Sittenfeld. Curtis. July 28, 2011.
94. Book: Nelson, Andrew N.. The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary. John H. Haig . Boston. Tuttle Publishing. 1997. 0-8048-2036-8. 7601.
95. News: Ten Minutes With . . . David Quammen, author of 'The Reluctant Mr. Darwin'. Plain Dealer. August 25, 2008. Long. Karen. July 29, 2011.
96. News: Christopher Paolini: Family, Montana landscape shape author . Seattle Times via Associated Press . September 22, 2008 . Brown . Matthew . July 29, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081103001300/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2008192289_eragonauthor22.html . November 3, 2008 .
97. Book: Hanna, Warren L. . Stars over Montana-Men Who Made Glacier National Park History . Glacier Natural History Association . West Glacier, MT . 1988 . B0006EQ2NY . 091679064 ISBN appears to be invalid-->. James Willard Schultz-The Pikuni Storyteller. 95–111.
98. Web site: New Stegner Professor to Hit the Ground Running. Boswell, Evelyn. Montana State University News Service. October 5, 2006. August 11, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070820020652/http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=4110. August 20, 2007. mdy-all.
99. News: Newspaper Active in Many Community Causes. Billings Gazette. May 2, 2010. Pickett. Mary. July 29, 2011.
100. American Architects Directory. B. Entry-Frederick Brinkman. 63. 1956. American Institute of Architects. August 13, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120615172157/http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/American%20Architects%20Directories/1956%20American%20Architects%20Directory/Bowker_1956_B.pdf. June 15, 2012. mdy-all.
101. Book: Quinn, Ruth. . Weaver of Dreams: The Life and Architecture of Robert C. Reamer . Gardiner, Montana . Leslie & Ruth Quinn . 2004 . 0-9760945-1-7.
102. Web site: Collection 2143 – Fred F. Willson Papers, 1889–1956 . Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections Library, Montana State University . August 2, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130530175646/http://www.lib.montana.edu/collect/spcoll/findaid/2143.php . May 30, 2013 . dead .
103. News: Person. Daniel. April 25, 2011. More Sheep Dogs Than Most Men Had Sheep. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. August 26, 2011.
104. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Charles and Alberta Bair. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
105. Web site: The History Behind the Theater. Alberta Bair Theater. August 26, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110916065007/http://www.albertabairtheater.org/history.php. September 16, 2011. mdy-all.
106. Web site: The Person Who Most Disrupted Law This Decade. Above the Law. Robert Ambrogi. April 9, 2018 . April 9, 2018.
107. Web site: Geyser Bob's Yellowstone Historical Service=Biographies-C. Robert V. Goss. 2009. August 13, 2011.
108. Web site: Jim Rogers. National Eagle Scout Association. August 11, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903155358/http://nesa.org/rogers.html. September 3, 2011. dead.
109. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: John Dennis Ryan. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
110. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Ted Turner. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune staff. August 28, 2011.
111. News: Dennis Washington. Forbes (online). July 31, 2011.
112. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Dennis Washington. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
113. Book: Haines, Aubrey L.. Yellowstone Place Names-Mirrors of History. University of Colorado Press. Niwot, Colorado. 1996 . 0-87081-383-8 . 148.
114. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Bishop John Patrick Carroll. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
115. News: Elizabeth Prophet, 70, Church Founder, Is Dead . New York Times. Grimes. William. October 16, 2009. July 30, 2011.
116. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Elizabeth Clare Prophet. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
117. Web site: Bishop Alexander King Sample. Catholic-hierarchy.org. August 13, 2011.
118. Book: Tuttle, Daniel Sylvester. Reminiscences of a missionary bishop . Thomas Whittaker. New York. VI-Montana. 1906 . August 13, 2011.
119. Web site: Jeff Ament. Montana Kids. Montana Office of Tourism. August 8, 2011.
120. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Jeff Ament. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
121. Web site: Gary Cooper Profile. Turner Classic Movies. August 6, 2011.
122. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Gary Cooper. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
123. Web site: David Lynch. Montana Kids. Montana Office of Tourism. August 6, 2011.
124. Web site: Jean Parker – The Private Life and Times of Jean Parker.. 12 April 2012.
125. "Bonny Jean": Remembering Jean Parker (1915–2005). Classic Images. Muscatine, IA. Van Neste. Dan. August 7, 2011.
126. Web site: Martha Raye. Montana Kids. Montana Office of Tourism. August 7, 2011.
127. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Martha Raye Ament. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune staff. August 28, 2011.
128. The YouTube Star Who's Crazy in a Funny Way. Esquire. May 25, 2012.
129. Web site: Michelle Williams Biography (1980-) . FilmReference.com . January 16, 2013.
130. Book: Burns, Lynette Sheridan . Understanding Journalism . Sage Publications . London . 2002 . 978-0-7619-7026-2 . 16–17.
131. News: Chester R. 'Chet' Huntley. Oyan. Katie. Great Falls Tribune. December 19, 1999.
132. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Chester R. "Chet" Huntley. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
133. News: Not Just A Pretty Face. Sports Illustrated. Turner Sports & Entertainment Digital Network. August 1, 2011. January 16, 1984.
134. Web site: Brent Musburger (1939 –). Montana Broadcasters Association. August 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110909042440/http://www.mtbroadcasters.org/hall-of-fame/brent-musburger/. September 9, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
135. Book: Howard, Joseph Kinsey . Montana-High, Wide and Handsome . University of Nebraska Press . Lincoln, NE . 1983 . 0-8032-7339-8 . 202–203.
136. Book: Malone, Michael P. . Roeder, Richard B . Lang, William L. . A History of Two Centuries . University of Washington Press . Seattle, WA . 1976 . 0-295-97129-0 . 308–309.
137. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Medal of Honor Winners (1st page). Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
138. Web site: Medal of Honor Recipients World War II (G-L). US Army Center of Military History. August 27, 2011. June 27, 2011.
139. Web site: August 27, 2011. Medal of Honor Recipients Indian War Campaigns. US Army Center of Military History. December 3, 2010.
140. Web site: August 27, 2011. Medal of Honor Recipients Philippine Insurrection. US Army Center of Military History. June 27, 2011.
141. Web site: Medal of Honor Recipients World War II (M-S). US Army Center of Military History. August 27, 2011. June 27, 2011.
142. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Medal of Honor Winners (2nd page). Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
143. Book: Thrapp, Dan L.. Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: P-Z. III. Norman, OK. University of Nebraska Press. 1991. 1324. 0-8032-9420-4.
144. Book: Utley, Robert M.. The Lance and the Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull. registration. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 1993. 66–82, 263–264. 9780805012743.
145. Book: Bonney, Orrin H. . Bonney, Lorraine . Battle Drums and Geysers-The Life And Journals of Lt. Gustavus Cheyney Doane, Soldier And Explorer of the Yellowstone And Snake River Regions . Swallow Press . Chicago . 1970 . 3–158.
146. Web site: Looking Glass. PBS. August 12, 2011.
147. Perrottet. Tony. Little Bighorn Reborn . Smithsonian Magazine. Washington DC. April 2005. 2.
148. Web site: Raynolds Expedition 1859–60 and Bighorn Canyon . National Park Service . August 12, 2011.
149. Book: Connell, Evan S. . Son of the Morning Star . San Francisco, California . North Point Press . 1984 . 0-86547-160-6 . 47–48 .
150. Web site: Chief Joseph Biography. Oregon Historical Society. August 12, 2011.
151. Killsback. Leo. The Legacy of Little Wolf: Rewriting and Rerighting Our Leaders Back into History . Wíčazo Ša Review . 26. 1. Spring 2011. University of Minnesota Press. 85–111. 10.1353/wic.2011.0004. 161056578.
152. Yellowstone Association for Natural Science, History & Education. Lee H. Whittlesey . Paul Schullery . amp . Yellowstone Science . Celebrating the Roosevelt Arch-A Centennial History of an American Icon. 11. 3 . Summer 2003. August 13, 2011.
153. Web site: General Thomas Patrick Gerrity . United States Air Force . August 29, 2011 . https://archive.today/20121212015207/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5522 . December 12, 2012 . dead .
154. Web site: Admiral Jay L. Johnson. United States Navy. August 11, 2011.
155. Web site: Major General Nels Running . United States Air Force . July 23, 2011 . https://archive.today/20121212202823/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6991 . December 12, 2012 . dead .
156. The Imperturbable Admiral. https://web.archive.org/web/20111214013857/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897226,00.html. dead. December 14, 2011. TIME. August 14, 1964. August 9, 2011.
157. Book: Hebard, Grace Raymond. Brininstool, E.A. . The Bozeman Trail-Historical Accounts of the Blazing of the Overland Routes into the Northwest, and the Fights with Red Cloud's Warriors – Volume II . Arthur H. Clark Company . Cleveland, OH. 1922.
158. Web site: District of South Dakota United States Marshal Seth Bullock . U.S. Marshal's Service . November 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140526181733/http://www.usmarshals.gov/district/sd/pages/profiles/sb/sb.htm . May 26, 2014 . dead .
159. Web site: Copper King William A. Clark. Copper King Mansion. July 31, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170534/http://www.thecopperkingmansion.com/waclark.htm. July 21, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
160. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: The Copper Kings. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
161. Web site: Marcus Daly. Daly Mansion. July 31, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111013195805/http://dalymansion.org/history/mrdaly.aspx. October 13, 2011. mdy-all.
162. Book: Killoren, John J. . Come, Blackrobe: De Smet and the Indian Tragedy . The Institute of Jesuit Sources. St. Louis, MO. 2003 . 1-880810-50-6.
163. News: Butte Events Offer Many historical gems . Montana Standard. Thorne. Tracy. January 9, 2010. August 11, 2011.
164. Web site: National Parks: America's Best Idea. 2009. Public Broadcasting System. September 28, 2009.
165. Web site: Yellowstone National Park: Its Exploration and Establishment Biographical Appendix. July 4, 2000 . National Park Service. September 28, 2009.
166. Web site: F. Augustus Heinze of Montana and the Panic of 1907. Fettig. David. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. August 1989. July 31, 2011.
167. Book: Griske, Michael. The Diaries of John Hunton . Heritage Books . 2005 . Westminster, MD . 83, 88 . 0-7884-3804-2.
168. Web site: Crow Killer. Indiana University Press. August 11, 2011.
169. Web site: Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. National Park Service. August 8, 2011.
170. Wheeler. Olin D. . Nathaniel Pitt Langford, The Vigilante, the Explorer, the Expounder and First Superintendent of Yellowstone Park. PDF. Minnesota Historical Society. 15. 630–668. 1915.
171. Web site: Biography of Solomon "Sol" Star . Deadwood South Dakota Revealed . November 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140219065755/http://www.deadwood.searchroots.com/star.htm . February 19, 2014 . dead .
172. News: Nelson Story – Hero, Scoundrel Legend . Schontzler, Gail. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. January 23, 2011. July 31, 2011.
173. Book: Langford, Nathaniel Pitt. The Discovery of Yellowstone Park; Diary of the Washburn Expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the Year 1870. Frank Jay Haynes. St. Paul, MN. 1905. August 13, 2011.
174. Montana: The Magazine of Western History . 49 . 1 . Spring 1999 . Scott, Kim Allen . Montana Episodes-The Willson Brothers Come To Montana . 58–70.
175. Book: William H. Powell . Lt Col . U.S. Army . Officers of the Army and Navy (Volunteer) Who Served in the Civil War . L.R. Hamersly and Co. . Philadelphia, PA . 1893 . 50.
176. Web site: Collection 1407 – Lester S. Willson Family Papers, 1861–1922 . Montana State University Libraries . August 2, 2011.
177. Web site: Montana State Legislature . August 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110701160851/http://leg.mt.gov/css/default.asp . July 1, 2011 . dead .
178. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: James Battin. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
179. Web site: Battin, James. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Federal Judicial Center. August 27, 2011.
180. Web site: Browning, James Robert . Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Federal Judicial Center. July 23, 2011.
181. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Karla Gray. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
182. News: First Female Chief Justice of Montana Supreme Court Retires. Montana Standard. McKee. Jennifer. December 31, 2008. August 27, 2011.
183. News: U.S. District Judge Molloy to Step Aside. Helena Independent Record. Thackeray. Lorna. December 23, 2010. August 27, 2011.
184. News: Thomas' Colleagues Hail Judge's Credentials. Thackeray. Lorna. Billings Gazette. April 16, 2010. July 23, 2011.
185. Web site: Elouise Cobell dies at 65; Native American activist. October 17, 2011. Los Angeles Times.
186. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Elouise Cobell. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
187. Web site: Cobell Settlement Notifications Begin; Hundred of Thousands Expected to Benefit . RezNet News . University of Montana School of Journalism . Coleman . Travis . July 8, 2011 . August 28, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110929185440/http://www.reznetnews.org/article/cobell-settlement-notifications-begin-hundred-thousands-expected-benefit-0 . September 29, 2011 .
188. Book: Coups, Plenty. Frank Linderman . Plenty-Coups, Chief of the Crows. 1930. 2002. University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln. 0-8032-8018-1. 19–37.
189. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Chief Plenty Coups. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
190. Web site: Ella Louise Knowles Haskell (1860–1911). Seacoast NH. July 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720094714/http://seacoastnh.com/women/haskell.html. July 20, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
191. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: George Horse Capture Sr.. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
192. Book: Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America. 1998. Castle Books. 0-7858-0914-7. 537.
193. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Denise Juneau. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 23, 2011.
194. January–February 1995. Daniel Kemmis. Utne Reader (Online). July 26, 2011.
195. Web site: Mitch Boyer. Custer Lives. July 23, 2011.
196. Web site: Mike Mansfield Quiet Leadership in Troubled Times. United States Senate. July 23, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928110716/http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/People_Leaders_Mansfield.htm. September 28, 2011. mdy-all.
197. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Mike Mansfield. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
198. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Earl Old Person. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
199. News: Lewis. Charles. The GOP's New Lobbyist in Chief. July 23, 2011. Washington Post. December 20, 2001.
200. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Marc Racicot. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
201. Web site: Women in Congress. United States House of Representatives. July 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723033401/http://womenincongress.house.gov/member-profiles/. July 23, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
202. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Jeannette Rankin. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
203. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Wellington Rankin. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
204. Web site: Guide to the Wellington D. Rankin papers 1904–1969. Northwest Digital Archives. August 26, 2011.
205. Web site: Roth, William Victor Jr., (1921–2003). United States Congress. July 23, 2011.
206. Web site: Thorkelson, Jacob, (1876–1945). United States Congress. July 24, 2011.
207. News: Carl E. Venne. Big Horn County News. February 2009. August 11, 2011.
208. Crow Tribal Chairman Carl Venne Dies at Age 62. USA Today. February 16, 2009. August 11, 2011.
209. Web site: Wheeler, Burton Kendall, (1882–1975). United States Congress. July 24, 2011.
210. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Burton K. Wheeler. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
211. Web site: Yellowtail tabbed as MSU endowed chair in Native American Studies. Montana State University. Schmidt. Carol. October 10, 2006. August 12, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719024850/http://www.montana.edu/cpa/news/nwview.php?article=4131. July 19, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
212. Web site: Robert Yellowtail. Little Big Horn College. July 24, 2011.
213. Book: Thomas S. Yukic . Fundamentals of Recreation, 2nd edition . Harpers & Row, 1970, Library of Congress 70-88646 . 1f.
214. Book: Bruce C. Daniels . Puritans at Play. Leisure and Recreation in Colonial New England. . St. Martin's Press, New York . 1995 . xi . 0-312-12500-3.
215. News: Conrad Anker: Sustainability a Driving Force in Today's Business World. Bozeman Daily Chronicle . March 14, 2011. August 12, 2011.
216. Book: Berryman, Jack W. . Fly-Fishing Pioneers and Legends of the Northwest . Northwest Fly Fishing LLC . Seattle, WA . Dan Bailey (1904–1982) . 2006 . 978-0-9779454-0-5 . 101–107.
217. Web site: George F. Grant. Bitton. Dennis. Outdoors Network. August 2, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110806103728/http://www.outdoors.net/lefty/lefty/libraryopen/2/grant.htm. August 6, 2011. mdy-all.
218. Web site: "Alex Lowe Peak": A Mountain Honoring Mountaineer. Everest News. August 4, 2011.
219. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Bob Marshall. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune staff. August 28, 2011.
220. Book: Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. New Haven, CT. Yale University Press. 204–205. 978-0-300-02910-9. 1987.
221. Book: Edwards, J. Gordon . Climber's Guide to Glacier National Park . Glacier Natural History Association-Falcon Press . Helena, MT . 1995 . 0-87842-177-7 . 178–79.
222. Web site: Loren W. Acton (PhD) Payload Specialist. NASA. August 1985. July 23, 2011.
223. Book: Turkington, Carol. Bonnie Ashby . The Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases. Infobase Publishing. New York. 2007. 978-0-8160-6397-0. 185.
224. Web site: USGS Biography, Don G. Despain. United States Geological Survey. August 8, 2011. nrmsc.usgs.gov . July 21, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721073552/http://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/staff/ddespain . July 21, 2011 . dead . .
225. Book: Hanna, Warren L. . Stars over Montana-Men Who Made Glacier National Park History . Glacier Natural History Association . West Glacier, MT . 1988 . B0006EQ2NY . 091679064 ISBN appears to be invalid--> . James Willard Schultz-The Pikuni Storyteller.
226. Web site: Hall of Fame 2007 Torey Hayden Author. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. July 23, 2011.
227. News: Maurice R. Hilleman, 85; Scientist Developed Many Vaccines That Saved Millions of Lives. Maugh. Thomas H. II. Los Angeles Times . April 13, 2005. October 20, 2010.
228. News: Sullivan. P . April 13, 2005. Maurice R. Hilleman dies; created vaccines . Washington Post . November 13, 2009.
229. News: Johnson. LA. Maurice Hilleman, at 85; was pioneer in vaccine research . Associated Press . November 13, 2009. April 13, 2005 . The Boston Globe.
230. News: C. Lester Hogan, Physicist Who Fought Motorola, Dies at 88. Martin. Douglas. New York Times . August 15, 2008. July 24, 2011.
231. Gawłowska. Joanna. Jerzy Krzysztof Wranicz . Norman J. "Jeff" Holter (1914–1983). Cardiology Journal. 2009. 16. 4. 1–2. PDF. July 24, 2011.
232. Web site: Leroy Hood. https://web.archive.org/web/20030819180111/http://web.mit.edu/invent/a-winners/a-hood.html. dead. August 19, 2003. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. July 24, 2011.
233. News: Wilfor . John Noble . Scientists Retrieve Proteins From Dinosaur Bone . July 24, 2011 . New York Times . April 12, 2007.
234. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Jack Horner. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
235. Web site: Enersen. Ole Daniel. Who Named It? A dictionary of medical eponyms. University of Chicago. 2011. July 24, 2011.
236. News: 3 Nobel Winners for Town. New York Times. November 4, 1960. July 24, 2011.
237. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Jeff Ament. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
238. Web site: Faculty & Researcher Profiles – Irving Weissman. Stanford University Medical Center. August 27, 2011.
239. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Walter Breuning. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
240. Web site: Rest in Peace, Walter Breuning, World's Oldest Living Man. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. April 15, 2011. August 28, 2011.
241. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Alma Jacobs. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 26, 2011.
242. Web site: Jacobs, Alma S. (1916–1997). Black Past. August 26, 2011.
243. News: Planned lawsuit targets charity, author of 'Three Cups of Tea'. CNN. May 7, 2011. July 30, 2011.
244. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Greg Mortenson. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
245. Huck Seed Wins the 2009 NBC National Heads-Up Poker Championship. Card Player. Lucchesi. Ryan. March 8, 2009. July 30, 2011.
246. News: Doctor plans to reopen abortion clinic in Bozeman. Bozeman Daily Chronicle . March 18, 2008. Schontzler. Gail. August 17, 2011.
247. News: Katha. Pollitt. The Nation . From My Inbox: Pledge-a-Picket for New Clinic in Montana. February 4, 2009 . August 17, 2011.
248. News: Mass killer Huff stalked rave community, panel reports . July 17, 2006 . Seattle Times . July 22, 2011 . Jennifer . Sullivan . Hal . Bernton . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060813083643/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003133521_webhuff17.html . August 13, 2006 .
249. News: The Yablonski Legacy. March 20, 1976. Harvard Crimson. July 22, 2011.
250. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Tony Boyle. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 27, 2011.
251. Web site: July 22, 2011. NU rejects Unabomber's offer of rare African books. Daily Northwestern. October 31, 2005. Pond, Lauren.
252. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Ted Kaczynski. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 28, 2011.
253. Web site: 125 Montana Newsmakers: Kid Curry. Great Falls Tribune. Tribune Staff. August 25, 2011.
254. Web site: Principle Gold Producing Districts of the United States, Phillips County Montana Gold Production . United States Geological Survey. Koschmann . A.H.. M.H. Bergendahl . 1968. August 25, 2011.
255. Web site: Butch Cassidy and Sundance Kid . Wyoming Tales and Trails . August 25, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111001165623/http://www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com/butch1a.html . October 1, 2011 .
256. Genge. Will. 2009. The Legend of Henry Plummer-Outlaw Sheriff of Bannack, MT. Montana Historian. 1. 1. 52–61.
257. News: Capitol Shooter's Mind-Set Detailed. April 23, 1999. Washington Post. July 22, 2011.
258. Web site: In The Saddle. Montana Living. Villano. Matt. August 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111222181109/http://montanaliving.com/Outdoors/In_the_Saddle_327-327. December 22, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
259. Web site: Peggy Hill. WVAH Fox 11. August 12, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110511064954/http://www.wvah.com/programs/kingofthehill/PeggyHill.shtml. May 11, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
260. Web site: A Rover Runs Through It . TV.com. August 12, 2011.
261. Web site: Lindsay Monroe. Channel 5 Broadcasting. August 4, 2011.
262. Book: Marrinan, Corinne. Parker, Steve. Ultimate CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. 2006. 34. DK Publishing. New York City. 0-7566-2353-7.