List of people from Chicago explained

The following list includes notable people who were born or have lived in Chicago, Illinois. For a similar list organized alphabetically by last name, see the category page People from Chicago, Illinois.

Academics, science, and engineering

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Architect: designed the Guaranty Building, Chicago Stock Exchange Building, and Wainwright Building which is considered to be the world's first skyscraper	Lived and died in Chicago
				Philosopher, educator, and popular author	University of Chicago professor; lived in Chicago	^[1]
				President of Shimer College and Sun-Times editor	Born and worked in Chicago	^[2]
				Community organizer and writer; considered to be the founder of modern community organizing	Born in Chicago	^[3]
				Metals chemist and Women's Army Corps officer; worked on the Manhattan Project	University of Chicago professor; lived and died in Chicago	^[4]
				Mathematician and animal welfare advocate		^[5]
				First totally blind physician fully licensed to practice medicine		^[6]
data-sort-value="Breckinridge, Sophonisba P."	Sophonisba P. Breckinridge		Apr 1, 1866	Jul 30, 1948	Founder, School of Social Works Administration at the University of Chicago	Lived and worked in Chicago	^[7]
				Orthodontics educator		^[8]
				Architect		^[9]
				Inventor		^[10]
				First Chicago pharmacist		^[11]
				Educator		^[12]
				Architect		^[13]
				Philanthropist		^[14]
				Philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer; an early developer of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology	University of Chicago Professor and founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools	^[15]
				First president of the Illinois State Dental Society		^[16]
				Dental anatomist		^[17]
Rockwell King DuMoulin				Architect	Professor and department chair at the Rhode Island School of Design	^[18]
				Early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine		^[19]
				Architect		^[20]
				Architect		^[21]
				Philosopher		^[22]
				Architect		^[23]
				Architect		^[24]
				Astronomer		^[25]
Michelle Hawkins				Meterorologist	Grew up in Chicago	^[26]
				Biochemist; co-founder of American Brewing Academy		^[27]
				Architect		^[28]
				Architect		^[29]
				Architect		^[30]
				Architect		^[31]
				Writer and chair of The President's Council on Bioethics		^[32]
				Nuclear engineer and pioneer of the recycling industry		^[33]
				Civil engineer		^[34]
				Philosopher, author, and actor; Fulbright Scholar; University of Chicago fellow and alum	Lived in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago	^[35]
				Astronomer, archeoastronomer, director of Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles	Born in Chicago	^[36]
				Folk singer, radio personality, brain researcher	Born in Chicago	^[37]
				Architect		^[38]
				Architect		^[39]
				Dental educator		^[40]
				Dental educator		^[41]
				Early Chicago physician		^[42]
				Architect		^[43]
				African American philosopher and academic administrator		^[44]
				Dental educator
				Architect		^[45]
				Dental educator		^[46]
				Israeli-American economist; President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
				Inorganic chemist developed the concept of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB theory)	Born in Chicago	^[47]
				Architect		^[48]
				President of Alverno College; longest-serving college president in U.S. history	Born in Chicago	^[49]
Kennedy J. Reed		May 24, 1944	June 20, 2023	Theoretical atomic physicist in the Theory Group in the Physics & Advanced Technologies Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); a founder of the National Physical Science Consortium (NPSC)	Raised in south Chicago	^[50]
				Inventor of the four-color lithographic press		^[51]
				Orthodontist and African-American activist		^[52]
				Architect		^[53]
				Architect		^[54]
				Architect		^[55]
				President of the International Association for Dental Research		^[56]
				Physicist; venture capitalist; and European Rowing Championships bronze medalist and Olympic rower (1964).		^[57]
				Political philosopher		^[58]
				Architect		^[59]
				Dental educator, wrote Theory and Practice of Crown and Bridge Prosthesis
data-sort-value="Vandyck, Marijuana Pepsi"	Marijuana Pepsi Vandyck				Education professional	Raised in Chicago	^[60]
				Economist and social critic		^[61]
				Gravitational physicist, author of the textbook General Relativity (1984), and recipient of the Einstein Prize (APS)	University of Chicago Professor	^[62]
				Architect		^[63]

Nobel laureates and Fields medalists

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Social worker and activist; founder of Hull House; first American woman awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (1931)	Lived and died in Chicago	^[64]
				Author; Nobel laureate in Literature (1976); Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1976)	Grew up in the Humboldt Park neighborhood of Chicago	^[65]
				Astrophysicist; Nobel laureate in physics (1983)	University of Chicago professor; died in Chicago	^[66]
				Nuclear physicist; Nobel laureate in physics (1964)	University of Chicago professor; born in Chicago	^[67]
				Pioneering mathematician; Fields medalist (1990)	University of Chicago professor	^[68]
				Experimental and theoretical physicist, co-developer of the first nuclear reactor (Chicago Pile-1); Nobel laureate in physics (1938)	University of Chicago professor; died in Chicago	^[69]
				Chemical physicist and member of the Manhattan Project; Nobel laureate in physics (1925)	Director of the Chemistry Division of the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago	^[70]
				Leader of the Chicago school of economics; Nobel laureate in economics (1976);	University of Chicago professor and graduate	^[71]
				Born in Chicago; member of the Chicago school of economics; Nobel laureate in economics (2000)	University of Chicago professor	^[72]
				Economics professor
				Experimental physicist; Nobel laureates in physics (1988); director emeritus of Fermilab; founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy;	Illinois Institute of Technology professor	^[73]
				Theoretical physicist; Nobel laureate in physics (2008)	University of Chicago professor	^[74]
				Chair of the Chicago school of economics; Nobel laureate in economics (1979)	University of Chicago professor	^[75]
				Political, economic, psychological and computer science polymath; Nobel laureate in economic sciences (1978)	Illinois Institute of Technology professor and University of Chicago graduate	^[76]
				Applied physicist; co-inventor of the charge-coupled device; Nobel laureates in physics (2009)	University of Chicago graduate	^[77]
				Biologist; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1962) Proposed the correct structure for DNA with Francis Crick while a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Sir Lawrence Bragg in the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge in 1953	Grew up on the south side of Chicago and attended public schools; graduated from the University of Chicago with a B.S. (1947) in Zoology at age 19	<	-- Needs to connect him to Chicago -->
				Theoretical physicist; Nobel laureates in physics (2004)	Enrolled at the University of Chicago at 15 years old	^[78]
				Founder and first director of Fermilab; Nobel laureate in physics (1978)		<	-- Needs to connect him to Chicago -->

Authors and writers

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Columnist	Born in Chicago	^[79]
				Author		^[80]
				Children's author	Born in Chicago	^[81]
				Founder and publisher of Skandinaven		^[82]
				Author
				Comic book editor and writer	Born in Chicago	^[83]
				Macroeconomist
				Writer and translator		^[84]
				Writer		^[85]
				Writer and activist		^[86]
				Author	Born and raised in Chicago suburb, Waukegan	^[87]
				Poet		^[88]
				Author		^[89]
				Author	Born in Chicago	^[90]
				Journalist		^[91]
				Journalist	Born in Chicago
				Author of Chicken Soup for The Soul
				Journalist
				Writer	Born in Chicago
				Sports writer	Born in Chicago
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Screenwriter
				Children's writer	Born in Chicago
				Writer	Residing in Chicago
				Novelist	Born in Chicago
				Writer	Born in Chicago
				Writer	Born in Chicago
				Writer
				Newspaper columnist
				Writer, humorist (Mr. Dooley)	Born in Chicago
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Film critic	Lived and died in Chicago
				Writer, editor, publisher
				Writer	Born in Chicago
				Poet, writer
				Author, playwright
				Writer
				Writer	Born in Chicago
				Writer, editor
				Comedy writer	Born in Chicago
		1940s		Author, activist, community organizer	Born in Chicago	^[92] ^[93]
				Writer
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Playwright	Born in Chicago
				Journalist	Born in Chicago
				Newspaper publisher and playwright
				Screenwriter, playwright, journalist, director, and producer	Lived and worked in Chicago	^[94]
				Novelist	Born in Chicago
				Novelist, short story writer, and journalist	Born and raised in Chicago suburb, Oak Park; lived and worked in Chicago
				Novelist
Seymour Hersh		April 8, 1937		Journalist	Born in Chicago
				Author		^[95]
				Journalist	Born in Chicago
				Fashion blogger and activist	Resides in Chicago	^[96]
				Newspaper reporter, editor, playwright and producer	Worked in Chicago
(aka Ruth Crowley; aka Esther Pauline Friedman Lederer)				Columnist
				Novelist	Born in Chicago
Ring Lardner				Sports columnist, short story writer, playwright, composer, and lyricist	Worked & lived in Chicago	^[97]
Ring Lardner Jr.				Journalist and screenwriter	Born in Chicago	^[98]
				Newspaper publisher; founder of Lerner Newspapers	Born in Chicago
				Photographer and author		^[99]
				Poet	Born in Chicago
				Newspaper publisher
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Author and radio host; advocate for victims of domestic violence	Born in Chicago
				Author
				Novelist	Born in Chicago
				Columnist
				Novelist
				Artist	Born and died in Chicago
				Journalist and newspaper editor
				Author and futurist
				Novelist	Born and died in Chicago	^[100]
				Poet; editor of Poetry Magazine (1955–1969)
				Journalist and editor	Lived and died in Chicago
				Journalist and politician; editor of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung (1867–1891)	Lived in Chicago, buried in Graceland Cemetery	^[101] ^[102]
				Author
				Film critic	Born in Chicago
				Columnist	Born and died in Chicago
				Biographer; recipient of the Bancroft Prize and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography	Born in Chicago
				Poet; recipient of three Pulitzer Prizes	Lived in Chicago	^[103]
				Columnist	Born in Chicago
				Playwright and librettist
				Playwright, screenwriter, novelist
				Journalist and historian	Born in Chicago
				Poet, songwriter, and children's writer	Born in Chicago
				Film critic	Born in Chicago
				Poet, writer, essayist, philosopher, businessman, and former journalist
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Broadcaster and author	Lived and died in Chicago
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Author, publisher, producer, researcher, archivist, historian; "one of the foremost authorities on Elvis Presley"^[104]	Born in Chicago
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Author	Born in Chicago
				Author

Business and philanthropy

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
		Aug 14, 1937	Sep 19, 2006	A pioneer of the medical device industry; founder of Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc., which manufactured the world's first lithium battery-powered artificial pacemaker	Born in Chicago
				Entrepreneur
				Financier	Born in Chicago
				U.S. Ambassador to Denmark (1961 - 1964) and U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines (1964 - 1967)	Partner in the Chicago law firm Gerlach & O'Brien
				Philanthropist and technology entrepreneur	Born in Chicago
				Businessman, dentist and periodontist	Born and practiced in Chicago
				Executive officer of AlphaGraphics	Born in Chicago
				Businessman, art collector, and philanthropist
				Businessman and philanthropist
				German immigrant, brewer, millionaire, original owner of the historic mansion Francis J. Dewes House
				Founded the Emanuel Settlement House
				Entrepreneur
				19th-century socialite and philanthropist
				Lumber tycoon
				Olympic and Pan American Games yachting medalist; quarterback for the Brooklyn Dodgers; decorated World War II US-Navy sailor; co-founder of Lands' End, and Chairman of Commercial Light Company	Born in Chicago
				Railroad executive
				Banking executive
				Owner of the Chicago-based Illinois Staats-Zeitung; Cook County Sheriff 1860–1862	Lived and died in Chicago
				Early Chicago developer
				First CEO of McDonald's
				Gunpowder manufacturer and philanthropist
				President, Chicago Woman's Club	Lived in Chicago
				Shipping executive
				Banking executive
				An organizer of the Chicago Board of Trade
				Philanthropist
				Chief executive officer of International Harvester; Art collector	Born in Chicago
				Businessman and art collector	Trustee of the Art Institute of Chicago
				Founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company	Lived and died in Chicago
				President of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company (1884 - 1902)	Born in Chicago
					Trustee of the University of Chicago
				United States Senator from Illinois; Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 1st district	Born in Chicago
				Biologist, suffragist, philanthropist, and heir to a substantial part of the McCormick family fortune	Grew up in Chicago
				Author, inventor, art collector and sculptor	Born in Chicago
				Farmer, inventor, manufacturer, and businessman	Lived and died in Chicago
				Owner and publisher of the Chicago Tribune newspaper	Born in Chicago
				United States ambassador to Austria-Hungary, Imperial Russia, and France	Lived in Chicago
				Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's at-large district	Lived and died in Chicago
				Businessman; Member of the New York Stock Exchange; c-founder of the Kappa Sigma college fraternity	Born in Chicago; Chicago City Council as alderman representing the 18th ward
				Inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company	Lived in Chicago
				President of Leadership for International Finance, LLC
				Businessman and member of the Neiman Marcus family
Agnes Nestor		Jun 24, 1880	Dec 28, 1948	Labor activist, politician, and founder of the International Glove Workers Union of America and president of Chicago Women's Union League	Lived and died in Chicago	^[105]
				CBS executive
				Socialite and philanthropist
				Entrepreneur
				Entrepreneur and inventor
				Businessman and philanthropist; CEO of Beatrice Foods Co.	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Depression-era banker, businessman, and philanthropist
				Inventor of the Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge
				Entrepreneur; founder of what is known today as AON Corporation
				Banker, railroad executive and entrepreneur; known as "father of the greenback"
				Businessman and philanthropist, director of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition	Born and lived in Chicago
Ty Warner		Sep 3, 1944		Entrepreneur known for Beanie Babies and many other successful plush toys	Born in Chicago and grew up in suburban La Grange
				Chef	Born and raised in Chicago	^[106] ^[107] ^[108]
				Entrepreneur

Crime

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Street gang leader	Leader of Folk Nation; died in Chicago
				Boss of the Chicago Outfit 1925–1931	Chicago Outfit
				Serial killer	Born in Chicago
				Murderer	Born in Chicago
				Bank robber	Died in Chicago
				Gang leader and convicted terrorist	Grew up in Chicago
				Serial killer	Born in Chicago
					Chicago Outfit
				FBI agent; convicted spy for Russia	Born in Chicago
				Serial killer	Lived and operated in Chicago	^[109]
				Unabomber, mathematician and domestic terrorist	Born and briefly lived in Chicago
		(Leopold) (Loeb)	(Loeb) (Leopold)	Murderers	Born in Chicago
				Mobster	Born in Chicago
(aka Abdullah al-Muhajir)				Alleged terrorist	Lived in Chicago
				Killed Lee Harvey Oswald	Born in Chicago
				Midwife convicted of manslaughter while providing illegal abortions, 1915	Worked in Chicago	^[110]
				Spree killer	Born in Chicago
Wanda Stopa		May 5, 1900	Apr 25, 1924	Murderer	Lived and studied in Chicago; was its youngest and first female assistant U.S. district attorney
				Riverboat captain and squatter	Lived and died in Chicago

Fine arts

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Sculptor
				Sculptor, painter and composer
				Artist	Born and raised in Chicago
				Artist	Born in Chicago
				Design educator	Born in Chicago
June Leaf				Artist	Born and raised in Chicago	^[111]
Vivian Maier				Photographer
Edgar Miller				Designer, artist, sculptor, stained glass maker, wood carver, metal worker	Born in Idaho Falls, moved to Chicago in 1917, died in Chicago
Norman Parish				Artist and art dealer
Harmonia Rosales				Artist	Born in Chicago	^[112]

Frontier

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				French explorer	Lived for one winter in what is now Chicago
				Early Chicago settler	Lived in what is now Chicago
				Early Chicago settler	Lived in what is now Chicago

Media

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Voice actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actress
				Head of Paramount Pictures
				Actor, director and producer	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				Police officer; Chicago's first helicopter traffic reporter
				Media producer
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor, comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor, comedian	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress, singer	Born in Chicago
				Actor, comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Ventriloquist	Born in Chicago
				Comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				Comedian	Born in Chicago
				Film director	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Syndicated cartoonist
				Actress
Harold Bradley Jr.				Football player, actor, singer, artist, TV host, and painter	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago	^[113]
				Composer
				Cartoonist for The New Yorker
				Professional wrestler	Lives in Chicago	^[114]
				Founding publisher of the Chicago Democrat	Cook County Treasurer (1837–1841); Chicago City Councilman, 1841–1842
				Model
				Actress
				Producer	Born in Chicago
				actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor, comedian, producer, writer and director	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Lives in Chicago
				Academy Award-winning make-up artist	Born in Chicago	^[115]
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Stand-up comedian	Lives in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Comedian, TV host, actor, and writer	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress	Lived in Chicago
				Creator and former host of Soul Train	Born in Chicago
				Model and actress	Lived in Chicago
				Actress
				Actress and comedian
				Actor
				Actor, composer and minister	Born in Chicago
				Actress and singer	Born, raised, and died in Chicago
				Founder of The Walt Disney Company	Born on the second floor of the house at 2156 Tripp Avenue, in the Hermosa neighborhood of Chicago	^[116]
				Actor
Jimmy Dore		July 26, 1965		Stand-up comedian and political commentator	Born in Chicago
				Talk show host	Born in Chicago
				Cast member of MTV's Road Rules
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor and director	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor, Chicago police officer	Born and raised in the Old Town neighborhood of Chicago	^[117]
				Actress and sculptor	Born in Chicago
				Actor, writer, and director	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Rapper
				Actress, comedian, and writer	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Performance artist, actress, artist, and recording artist	Born in Chicago
				Dancer	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born, lived and worked in Chicago; raised in Chicago suburb, Waukegan
				Actor	Born in Chicago; raised in Chicago suburb, Des Plaines	^[118]
				Musician, filmmaker, actor, and author	Born and raised in Chicago	^[119]
				Director, choreographer, and dancer	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Grew up in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago
				Actor
				Actress	Born in Chicago
Tavi Gevinson		April 21, 1996		Writer, magazine editor, actress	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				NPR broadcaster	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Playwright, screenwriter, film director and producer
				Television reporter and columnist
				Actor on Shazam!
		Apr 8, 1926	Dec 31, 2023	Comedian	Born in Chicago	^[120]
				Actress and musician
				Actress and comedian
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Publisher	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Reality-TV contestant; winner of Big Brother 15; show's first openly gay winner	Currently lives in Chicago
				Composer and lyricist (Urinetown)
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress, singer	Born in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago
				Film director and screenwriter	Raised in Chicago suburb, Northbrook; lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress, comedian, director, producer	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Film director	Born in Chicago
				Actress, writer, singer	Raised in Chicago
Ruth Kilbourn		1895	1984	Dancer	Resident of Chicago	^[121]
				Media personality, author, journalist, panelist	Born in Chicago
				Model	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actress (musicals)	Born in Chicago
				Playwright (Urinetown)
				Comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Stage actress and playwright	Born in Chicago
				Television executive, acting director of Voice of America
				Actor
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago	^[122]
				Stand-up comedian	Born in Chicago
				Choreographer	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born and died in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor and producer	Lived in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Playwright, poet, screenwriter, and director	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
Larry Manetti		Jul 23, 1947		Actor	Born in Chicago
Harry Manfredini				Composer	Born in Chicago
				Film director, writer, and producer	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress and Playboy model	Lived in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actress
				Film director	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born In Chicago
				Actor and comedian
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress and producer	Born in Chicago
				Comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago suburb, Evanston; raised in Wilmette; lived and worked in Chicago
				Actor and comedian
				Actress	Lives in Chicago
				Photographer	Born in Chicago
				Screenwriter, director and producer	Lived in Chicago
				Voiceover and word jazz recording artist
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor and dancer	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born and lived in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actress and singer
				Actor and singer	Born in Chicago
				Adult film actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				Actor	Born in Chicago suburb, Evanston; lived and worked in Chicago
				Cinematographer	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				Actress, voice actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Professional wrestler, professional mixed martial arts commentator, actor, and retired mixed martial artist	Born & lives in Chicago	^[123]
				Actor, director, and comedian	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
				Winner of The Apprentice	Born in Chicago
				Actor
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Political commentator on WWL-TV (CBS affiliate) in New Orleans, Louisiana	Born in Chicago	^[124]
				Screenwriter, director, and producer; creator and executive producer of Grey's Anatomy	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Professional wrestling ring announcer	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Moved to Chicago at age 13	^[125] ^[126] ^[127]
				Film critic
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Game show host	Born in Chicago
				Comedian, actor, television producer	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Grew up in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor, director, and producer	Born in Chicago
				Actress and singer	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Radio broadcaster and author
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago	^[128]
				Actress and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
Kiernan Shipka		Nov 10, 1999		Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor; co-founder of Steppenwolf Theatre Company	Born in Chicago suburb, Blue Island; lived and worked in Chicago
				Adult film actor and director	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Film director and actor	Lives and works in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor, evangelist	Born in Chicago
				Filmmaker	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Singer and actor	Born in Chicago
				Broadway and Hollywood actress	Raised in Chicago
				Director	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Raised in Chicago suburbs, Buffalo Grove and Lake Forest; worked and lives in Chicago	^[129]
				Comedian, co-founder of Upright Citizens Brigade	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
				Actress and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor and singer	Born in Chicago
				Actress	Born in Chicago
				Actor, director, writer, and producer	Lived in Chicago
				Actor	Born, lived and worked in Chicago
				Talk show host	Born in Chicago
				Actor and comedian	Born in Chicago
				Talk show hostess, actress, entrepreneur, and philanthropist	Lived and worked in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Director, producer, and writer	Born in the Roseland neighborhood of Chicago
				Impresario	Born in Chicago
				Actor	Born in Chicago
				Director, producer, and writer	Born in Chicago

Military

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				U.S. Navy vice admiral	Born in Chicago	^[130]
				U.S. Air Force brigadier general	Born in Chicago
				NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, four-star general, presidential candidate (2004)	Born in Chicago
				Marine Corps private first class; posthumously received the Medal of Honor during World War II	Born in Chicago
				Lieutenant general	Born in Chicago
				Marine Corps major general; in charge of Marine Motor Transportation during World War II	Born in Chicago	^[131]
				U.S. Army brigadier general; commanded World War I Officers' Training Centers at Fort Sheridan, later an executive with several Chicago-based businesses	Lived in Chicago	^[132]
				United States Navy vice admiral, commander of United States Fifth Fleet	Born in Chicago	^[133]
				Marine Corps drill instructor	Born in Chicago

Music

See main article: List of musicians from Chicago.

Politics and law

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				20th Governor of Illinois	Hometown was Chicago
				U.S. Attorney General	Born in Chicago
				Attorney	Born in Chicago
				Congressman; governor of Illinois	Born in Chicago
				Chicago alderman; U.S. Congressman	Born in Chicago
				Politician from the U.S. state of Michigan	Born in Chicago
				Journalist and member of the U.S. House of Representatives	Lived and died in Chicago
				Attorney, judge, and the first United States Ambassador to Hungary	Lived and died in Chicago
				Served in Wyoming's second state legislature; two terms as Governor of Wyoming, 1905–1911	Lived in Chicago while attending business school	^[134]
				Marxist social activist	Born in Chicago
				U.S. Congressman	Born in Chicago	^[135]
				Mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
			align-right		Commissioner of the District of Columbia and two-time Chicago mayoral nominee	Lived in Chicago
			align-right		Mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				Mayor of Chicago
				State senator in Wisconsin	Lived in Chicago
				Father of Flag Day in the United States	Lived in Chicago
				First lady, US senator from N.Y., United States Secretary of State	Born in Chicago, raised in suburban Park Ridge
(aka "Bathhouse" John Coughlin)				Chicago alderman
				U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
				Mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				Mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				White House Chief of Staff, Secretary of Commerce	Born in Chicago
				Attorney and civil libertarian	Lived and died in Chicago
				Chicago alderman, U.S. Senator, and University of Chicago economist
				U.S. Senator, presidential candidate, noted for debating Abraham Lincoln	Lived and died in Chicago
				Governor of Illinois
				Former mayor of Chicago, White House Chief of Staff, US congressman	Lives in Chicago
				Retired chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court	Born in Chicago	^[136]
				U.S. First Lady; wife of Gerald Ford	Born in Chicago
				Political commentator	Born in Chicago
				State senator for Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
				6th Administrator of Veterans Affairs (1961–65)	Born in Chicago
				Iowa state representative	Born in Chicago	^[137]
				State assemblyman for Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
				First Latino to be elected to Congress from the Midwest	Born in Chicago
				Supreme Court justice	Born in Chicago
				Lawyer, founder of Rotary International
				Mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				Mayor of Chicago
				Professor of Political Science and U.S. Congressman	Born in Chicago
				Postmaster of Chicago and managing editor of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung	Lived and died in Chicago
				Prime Minister and President of Guyana	Born in Chicago
				Economist and U.S. Representative from Colorado	Born in Chicago
				Hereditary prince of Yugoslavia	Born in Chicago
				36th Mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				48th governor of Indiana	Born in Chicago
				U.S. Congressman	Born in Chicago, died in Chicago
				U.S. Congressman	Born in Chicago
				Assistant Surgeon General of the United States	Native of Chicago
				Attorney General of Illinois	Born in Chicago
				67th and 69th Speaker of Illinois House of Representatives	Born in Chicago
				Newspaper editor, mayor of Chicago
				31st governor of American Samoa	Born in Chicago
				Federal agent; leader of The Untouchables; born in Chicago	Born in Chicago
				US senator and 44th President of the United States	Resided in Chicago 1983–2008
				Entrepreneur and first mayor of Chicago
				Governor of Massachusetts	Born in Chicago
				White House Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton (1998–2001)	Born in Chicago
				U.S. Congressman; Chicago alderman
				Chicago Police deputy superintendent; current Philadelphia Police Commissioner	Native of Chicago
				State assemblyman for Wisconsin, Midwest Regional Administrator of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development	Born in Chicago
				North Carolina politician, arts and women's rights advocate; first female state cabinet-level secretary in North Carolina	Born in Chicago
				State assemblyman for Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
				U.S. Congressman, secretary of Defense
				State assemblyman for Wisconsin	Born in Chicago
				U.S. diplomat	Born in Chicago
				Last Republican mayor of Chicago	Lived and died in Chicago
				City treasurer; temperance advocate	Born in Chicago
				First Chairman of the People's Secretariat (i.e. Prime Minister) of the Belarusian National Republic	Lived and died in Chicago	^[138]
				Secretary of state, minister to France	Lived and died in Chicago
				First black mayor of Chicago	Born in Chicago
				U.S. congressman; mayor of Chicago	Lived and died in Chicago
				Political theorist and philosopher	Born in Chicago

Religion

Name	Image	Birth	Death	Known for	Association	Reference
				Christian television host, author, speaker	Born In Chicago
				Gospel singer, author, pastor	Born In Chicago
(aka Mother Cabrini)				First citizen of the US to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church	Lived and died in Chicago
				Religious scholar and philosopher from Romanian	Lived and died in Chicago
				20th-century evangelist
				Minister, civil rights activist, presidential candidate
(born Howard Stanton Levey)				Writer of The Satanic Bible; founder of The Church of Satan	Born in Chicago
				Franciscan friar and Roman Catholic bishop	Born in Chicago
				Missionary
				Orthodox Judaism outreach worker in Jerusalem, director of the Jewish Student Information Center	Born in Chicago	^[139]

Athletics

See main article: List of athletes from Chicago.

See also

References

Notes and References

1. Web site: Mortimer J. Adler: Biographical Sketch & Partial Bibliography. Center for the Study of The Great Ideas. 17 July 2013. December 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141210175448/http://www.thegreatideas.org/adlerbio_short.html. dead.
2. News: 1970-05-28. Chicago Tribune. Pete Akers, 70, Ex-Editor, Dies In Auto Crash. 5. July 6, 2017. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026142357/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/598181302.html?dids=598181302:598181302&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI. dead.
3. Playboy Interview: Saul Alinsky . . March 1972.
4. News: Myrtle Bachelder. Chicago Tribune. 11 November 2013. October 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131013233244/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-05-26/news/9705260114_1_manhattan-project-atom-bomb. live.
5. Web site: Cynthia Bathurst. LinkedIn Corporation. 11 November 2013.
6. Web site: Jacob Bolotin. February 18, 2014. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503164016/https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm08/bm0801/bm080105.htm. live.
7. Book: Kenan., Heise. Chicago originals : a cast of the city's colorful characters. 1995. Bonus Books. Baumann, Edward.. 1566250331. Expanded and updated [ed.]. Chicago. 32051845.
8. Web site: Allan G. Brodie. The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. 11 November 2013. dead. https://archive.today/20130902014608/http://dentistry.uic.edu/departments/brodie_lab/. September 2, 2013. mdy-all.
9. Web site: Daniel Burnham. Julia S. Bachrach, Chicago Park District Historian. 11 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131012182654/http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/assets/1/23/burnham.pdf. October 12, 2013. dead. mdy-all.
10. Web site: Marvin Camras. Illinois Institute of Technology. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112022654/http://www.iit.edu/about/history/hall_of_fame/marvin_camras.shtml. live.
11. Web site: Philo Carpenter. Ancestry.com. 11 November 2013. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503164111/https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records//Philo_Carpenter_records.ashx?pid=55599731&te=2. live.
12. Web site: Marva Collins. National Endowment for the Humanities. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021001/http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/marva-collins. live.
13. Web site: Zachary Taylor Davis. Society for American Baseball Research. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112020943/http://research.sabr.org/journals/building-of-wrigley-field. live.
14. News: Donald J. DePorter. Chicago Tribune. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021411/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-08-11/news/9608110041_1_prostate-cancer-ovarian-cancer-lincoln-park-neighborhood. live.
15. News: John Dewey. The New York Times. 11 November 2013. November 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171110062047/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1020.html. live.
16. Book: G. Walter Dittmar. The Dental Summary, Volume 37. 11 November 2013. 1917. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163953/https://books.google.com/books?id=jlgsAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA556-IA3. live.
17. News: E. Lloyd Du Brul. The New York Times. July 27, 1996. 11 November 2013. March 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306154331/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/27/us/e-lloyd-dubrul-87-authority-on-teeth.html. live.
18. News: 1983-02-18 . ROCKWELL K. DuMOULIN . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-10-14 . 0362-4331.
19. Web site: Helen Flanders Dunbar. Webster University. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021320/http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/dunbar.html. live.
20. Web site: Charles E. Fox. University of Texas Libraries. 11 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112022817/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utaaa/00003/00003-P.html. live.
21. Web site: James Ingo Freed. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 11 November 2013. dead. https://archive.today/20131112015702/https://ushmm.org/memoriam/details/freed/. November 12, 2013. mdy-all.
22. News: Marjorie Grene. The New York Times. March 28, 2009. 11 November 2013. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503164027/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/science/29grene.html?_r=0. live. Martin. Douglas.
23. Web site: Marion Mahony Griffin. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 11 November 2013. November 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104212521/http://web.mit.edu/museum/chicago/griffin.html. live.
24. Web site: Walter Burley Griffin. The City of Chicago. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112020325/http://webapps.cityofchicago.org/landmarksweb/web/architectdetails.htm?arcId=8. live.
25. Web site: Ellery Hale. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021345/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252289/George-Ellery-Hale. live.
26. Web site: US Department of Commerce . NOAA . Michelle Hawkins . 2022-04-28 . www.weather.gov . EN-US.
27. American Brewing Academy – Tenth Anniversary Reunion (American Brewing Academy, 1901)
28. Web site: John Augur Holabird. Art Institute of Chicago. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112023324/http://www.artic.edu/research/archival-collections/oral-histories/john-augur-holabird-1920-2009. live.
29. Web site: William Holabird. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021426/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269097/William-Holabird. live.
30. Web site: Helmut Jahn. ArchDaily 2008-2013. 12 November 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112025027/http://www.archdaily.com/tag/murphyjahn/. November 12, 2013. mdy-all.
31. Web site: William Le Baron Jenney. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112021503/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/302587/William-Le-Baron-Jenney. live.
32. Web site: Leon Kass. National Endowment for the Humanities. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112020946/http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/leon-kass-biography. live.
33. News: Peter Karter. Hartford Courant. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164752/http://articles.courant.com/2010-05-30/features/hc-exlife-0530-20100530_1_peter-karter-nuclear-power-plants-nuclear-waste. live.
34. Web site: Fazlur Khan. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. October 19, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141019000136/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316259/Fazlur-R-Khan. live.
35. Web site: Werner Krieglstein. LinkedIn Corporation. 12 November 2013.
36. Web site: Cole. K. C.. Ed Krupp's Star-Studded Cosmic Extravaganza. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20160527133521/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/feb/14/magazine/tm-7902. 27 May 2016. 14 February 1999. live.
37. Illinois, Cook County Birth Certificates, 1878-1938, index, FamilySearch, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/QVPC-D2YV : accessed 15 February 2015
38. Web site: George W. Maher. The Presidents of the University of Chicago. 12 November 2013. June 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160623212425/http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/spcl/centcat/pres/presch07_01.html. live.
39. Web site: Benjamin H. Marshall. The University of Texas at Austin. 12 November 2013. September 7, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140907103721/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utaaa/00003/aaa-00003.html. live.
40. Web site: Maury Massler. The University of Illinois at Chicago. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164213/http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/specialcoll/services/lhsc/ead/014-20-03f.html. live.
41. Web site: Charles G. Maurice. University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163613/http://hospital.uillinois.edu/Patient_Care_Services/Dentistry/Specialty_Advanced_Clinics/Endodontics_(Root_Canal).html. live.
42. Web site: Philip Maxwell. The Clan Maxwell of the United States. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163518/http://www.clanmaxwellusa.com/jazzStreet.htm. live.
43. Web site: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013.
44. Web site: Michele Moody-Adams. Spectator Publishing Company. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112173532/http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2009/02/26/breaking-moody-adams-appointed-cc-dean. live.
45. News: Charles Murphy. Chicago Tribune. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112170647/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-05-24/news/8502020167_1_charles-f-murphy-chicago-architecture-mr-murphy. live.
46. Book: Frederick Bogue Noyes. The alumni record of the University of Illinois, Chicago. 12 November 2013. 1921. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503164030/https://books.google.com/books?id=qTogAQAAMAAJ&q=Frederick+Bogue+Noyes+University+of+Illinois+at+Chicago&pg=PA330. live.
47. Web site: Ralph Pearson. Intellectual Reserve, Inc.. 12 November 2013. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062005/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N79G-VQH. live.
48. Web site: Dwight H. Perkins. University of Illinois at Chicago. 12 November 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185649/http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/specialcoll/exhibits/fpdcc/People/DWIGHTPERKINS.html. October 29, 2013. mdy-all.
49. Web site: Sister Joel Read. School Sisters of St. Francis. 12 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163650/http://www.sssf.org/SSSF/OffNav/Jubilee-2013/Sister-Joel-Read.htm. November 12, 2013. dead. mdy-all.
50. Web site: Kennedy J. Reed Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . December 4, 2023 . llnl.gov.
51. Web site: Theodore Regensteiner. Ancestry.com. 12 November 2013. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163955/https://www.ancestry.com/search/?name=Theodore_Regensteiner. live.
52. Web site: Earl W. Renfroe. Arlington National Cemetery. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164232/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/ewrenfroe.htm. live.
53. Web site: Martin Roche. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112031219/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/505903/Martin-Roche. live.
54. Web site: John Wellborn Root. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164306/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/509469/John-Wellborn-Root. live.
55. Web site: John Wellborn Root Jr.. July 14, 1887 . Geni.com. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164304/http://www.geni.com/people/John-Root/4753287907390039803. live.
56. Web site: Isaac Schour. International Association for Dental Research. 12 November 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163050/http://www.iadr.com/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3638#.UoJI2_n2Zs0. November 12, 2013. mdy-all.
57. Web site: Donald Spero. International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. 13 March 2014. May 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130512101609/http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/DonaldSpero.htm. live.
58. Web site: Leo Strauss. The University of Chicago. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112162224/http://leostrausscenter.uchicago.edu/biography. live.
59. Web site: Louis Sullivan. Art Institute Chicago. 12 November 2013. November 3, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131103055937/http://www.artic.edu/research/louis-sullivan-collection. live.
60. Web site: A woman named Marijuana plays it straight - and wins . Stingl . Jim . 2009-03-07 . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . 2019-07-06 . Young Marijuana lived with her father in Chicago until she was 9 ... . July 5, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190705095246/http://archive.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/40874017.html . live .
61. Web site: Thorstein Veblen. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. October 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131020134401/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/624279/Thorstein-Veblen. live.
62. Web site: 2017 Einstein Prize Recipient. Division of Gravitational Physics, American Physical Society (APS). July 18, 2019. May 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163957/https://engage.aps.org/dgrav/home. live.
63. Web site: Frank Lloyd Wright. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112164715/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/649476/Frank-Lloyd-Wright. live.
64. Web site: Brown . Victoria Bissell . Jane Addams . American National Biography online . Oxford University Press . February 2000 . October 26, 2008 . January 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170107211853/http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html . live .
65. Mel Gussow and Charles McGrath, Saul Bellow, Who Breathed Life Into American Novel, Dies at 89, The New York Times April 6, 2005. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
66. Web site: O'Connor. J. J.. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Biographies. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. May 21, 2012. Robertson, E. F. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183002/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chandrasekhar.html. live.
67. Web site: Cronin. James. Autobiography. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980: James Cronin, Val Fitch. The Nobel Foundation. May 22, 2012. James Cronin. 1980. August 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120807050111/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1980/cronin-autobio.html. live.
68. Web site: O'Connor. J. J.. Vladimir Gershonovich Drinfeld. Biographies. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. May 21, 2012. Robertson, E. F. October 6, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006123607/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Drinfeld.html. live.
69. Web site: Anonymous. Enrico Fermi and the Nuclear Chain Reaction. Digital Library Collections & Activities. The University of Chicago Library. May 21, 2012. May 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120516170421/http://fermi.lib.uchicago.edu/. live.
70. Web site: Anonymous. James Franck - Biographical. Nobel Foundation. 17 July 2013. July 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170703050833/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1925/franck-bio.html. live.
71. News: Nobel laureate economist Milton Friedman dies at 94. Mark. Feeney. November 16, 2006. The Boston Globe. February 20, 2008. March 30, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070330084012/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/city_region/breaking_news/2006/11/nobel_lauriet_e.html. live.
72. News: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000. NobelPrize.org. October 11, 2000. August 5, 2019. August 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805213507/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2000/prize-announcement/. live.
73. Web site: Lederman. Leon M.. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988: Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger. 1988. May 22, 2012. Leon M. Lederman. Tore. Frängsmyr. Gösta. Ekspång. World Scientific Publishing Co.. Singapore. August 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120824204808/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1988/lederman.html. live.
74. Book: Nambu, Yoichiro. Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 2008. 2008. The Nobel Foundation. Stockholm. Yoichiro Nambu. Karl Grandin. May 22, 2012. October 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141011220229/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/nambu-bio.html. live.
75. Web site: Theodore W. Schultz-Biographical. Arthur. Lewis. July 28, 2013. Nobel Medial. July 28, 2014. July 28, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140728114419/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1979/schultz-bio.html. live.
76. Book: Simon, Herbert A.. Nobel Lectures, Economics 1969–1980. 1978. World Scientific Publishing Co.. Singapore. Herbert A. Simon. Assar Lindbeck. May 22, 2012. April 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120428031945/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1978/simon.html. live.
77. Book: Smith, George E.. Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 2009. 2009. The Nobel Foundation. Stockholm. George E. Smith. Karl Grandin. May 22, 2012. May 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120516074004/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/smith.html. live.
78. News: Dreifus. Claudia. Discovering the Mathematical Laws of Nature. May 22, 2012. The New York Times. December 28, 2009. March 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170301192059/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/29/science/29conv.html?_r=1. live.
79. Web site: Franklin Pierce Adams. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113010259/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5114/Franklin-Pierce-Adams. live.
80. Web site: Nelson Algren. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113005025/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15190/Nelson-Algren. live.
81. News: December 15, 2001 . Obituaries . 24 . Chicago Tribune . May 8, 2017 . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305115204/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/doc/419551233.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec%2015,%202001&author=&pub=Chicago%20Tribune&edition=&startpage=&desc=ANDERSON . live .
82. Web site: John Anderson. Ancestry.com. 12 November 2013.
83. Web site: Brian Augustyn . February 10, 2022 . February 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210014111/https://tucsoncomic-con.com/2017-guest-brian-augustyn/ . dead .
84. Web site: Allan Bloom. Southeastern Louisiana University. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113012058/http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/nadams/educ692/Bloom.html. live.
85. News: Phil . Baechler . Word Play: Meet the man who named 'Exxon'. . . April 7, 1980 . 6–7 . October 22, 2014 . May 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210503163958/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19800407&id=pvtLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6622%2C2969761 . live .
86. Book: Yolanda Williams Page. Encyclopedia of African American women writers. 2 June 2013. January 2007. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-33429-0. 43–45. May 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160520171833/https://books.google.com/books?id=iTWu0aSofkkC&pg=PA43. live.
87. Web site: Ray Bradbury. June 18, 2013 . NBCUniversal Media, LLC.. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113011220/http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Waukegan-Library-To-Receive-Ray-Bradburys-Books-211977361.html. live.
88. Web site: Gwendolyn Brooks. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113005315/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/81273/Gwendolyn-Brooks. live.
89. Web site: Algis Budrys. Literary Classics of the United States, Inc.. 12 November 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140313145913/http://www.loa.org/sciencefiction/biographies/budrys.jsp. March 13, 2014. mdy-all.
90. Web site: Edgar Rice Burroughs. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 12 November 2013. November 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113010102/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/85800/Edgar-Rice-Burroughs. live.
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