List of people executed by lethal injection explained

Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person by a government for the express purpose of causing immediate death. While Nazi Germany was known to execute enemies of the state using an injection of lethal drugs, the first country to legalize and formally implement what is referred to today as lethal injection was the United States. The state of Texas adopted it as its form on capital punishment in 1977 and executed the first person by it, Charles Brooks Jr., in 1982.[1] The practice was subsequently adopted by the other U.S. states using capital punishment.[2] As of 2017, the method is being used by 31 U.S. states, as well as by their federal government and military.[3]

Lethal injection was also adopted as a method of execution by Guatemala in 1996, China in 1997, the Philippines in 1999, Thailand in 2003, Taiwan in 2005, Vietnam in 2013,[4] the Maldives in 2014[5] and Nigeria in 2015.[6] The Philippines abolished the death penalty in 2006.[7] While the death penalty still exists in the Maldives and Guatemala, no executions have been carried out there since 1954 and 2000 respectively.[8] Taiwan has never actually used the method, instead carrying out all executions by single gunshot.[9]

The United States and China are the two biggest users of this method of execution. The U.S. had executed 1,283 people via lethal injection as of April 2017.[10] The number of people executed annually in China is thought to surpass all other countries combined, though the actual number is a state secret,[11] and the percentage of people killed via lethal injection and the other method of execution used there, firing squad, is also unclear.[12] This alphabetical list features notable cases up to August 2024, and only those where lethal injection can be reliably sourced to be the method of execution. The criterion for notability is either an article on the individual, or the crime they were executed for, in the English Wikipedia. This inevitably causes a bias towards U.S. executions, as notable individuals in other countries such as Thailand and Vietnam may only have articles in their own language. A complete list of all executions in the United States can be found here.

Lethal injection was proposed and adopted on the grounds it was more humane than the methods of execution in place at the time, such as the electric chair and gas chamber.[2] Opponents of lethal injection reject this argument, noting multiple cases where executions have been either painful, prolonged, or both.[13] [14] [15] According to the Death Penalty Information Center, lethal injections have the highest rate of botched executions of any method used in the US, with 7.12% of executions using this method between 1982 and 2010 considered to have not gone according to plan.[16] [17] A study published in The Lancet in 2005 found that in 43% of cases of lethal injection, the blood level of hypnotics was insufficient to guarantee unconsciousness.[18] However, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled 7–2 in 2008 (Baze v. Rees) and 5–4 in 2015 (Glossip v. Gross) that lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.[19]

Executions

NameBornDiedAgeNationalityExecuted inExecuted for
1963200642AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1937199558AmericanIllinois Murder (3 counts)[20]
1951200857AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder
1975201034AmericanTexasMurder[21]
1930200676AmericanCaliforniaMurder (3 counts)
1959200141AmericanOklahomaMurder
1962200441AmericanTexasMurder[22]
1960199534AmericanTexasMurder[23]
1966200640AmericanTexasMurder
1953200248AmericanCaliforniaMurder[24]
1914194328GermanNazi GermanyMaking "hostile statements"[25]
1967201446MexicanTexasMurder
1955199843AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder[26]
1964201753AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)[27]
1973200532AmericanOhioMurder
1956202266AmericanArizonaMurder[28]
1954198429AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1949199950AmericanCaliforniaMurder[29]
1958200547AmericanMarylandMurder[30]
1972200330AmericanTexasMurder[31]
1966200640ChineseChinaMurder[32]
1932198452AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1962202361AmericanFloridaMurder[33]
1968200031AmericanTexasMurder
1954201459AmericanTexasMurder
1955201862AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[34]
1943200561AmericanCaliforniaMurder (2 counts)[35]
1976200225AmericanTexasMurder
1937200062AmericanTexasMurder
1962200643AmericanOhioMurder (2 counts)
1980202040AmericanIndianaMurder[36]
1959200849AmericanMississippiMurder[37]
1962199936AmericanOhioMurder
1958200951AmericanOhioMurder
1952198835AmericanUtahMurder (5 counts)
1959200343AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)[38]
1962201653AmericanFloridaMurder (3 counts)[39]
1947199649AmericanCaliforniaMurder (14 counts)[40]
1962201047AmericanLouisianaMurder[41]
1919194424FrenchNazi-occupied FranceBeing a Special Operations Executive member
1964202056AmericanIndianaMurder[42]
1947201567AmericanTexasMurder (4 counts)[43]
1962201957AmericanFloridaMurder (6 counts)[44]
1959199939AmericanTexasMurder
1881194261DutchNazi GermanyOrdering Catholic newspapers not to print Nazi documents[45]
1959200344AmericanOhioMurder
1942198240AmericanTexasMurder
1970202352AmericanTexasMurder (4 counts)[46]
1962199735AmericanLouisianaMurder
1953200551AmericanMissouriMurder[47]
1940200262AmericanOhioMurder
1977201840AmericanGeorgia (U.S.) Murder[48]
1944202278AmericanTexasMurder[49]
1963200238AmericanOhioMurder
1954199843AmericanTexasMurder
1973202450AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[50]
1966200326AmericanTexasMurder
1975199722AmericanOklahomaMurder
1967200235AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1974200531AmericanTexasMurder
1950200050AmericanFloridaMurder
1961c. 1961200039GuatemalanGuatemalaMurder[51]
1965c. 1965200035GuatemalanGuatemalaMurder
1946201165AmericanFloridaMurder (3 counts)
1971200837AmericanKentuckyMurder (2 counts)[52]
1968200334AmericanTexasMurder[53]
1969201343AmericanTexasMurder
1957199639AmericanDelawareMurder[54]
1968200738AmericanTexasMurder[55]
1949200657AmericanOhioMurder
1956200145AmericanNew MexicoMurder
1968200335AmericanTexasMurder
1956199437AmericanArkansasMurder
1956200044AmericanTennesseeMurder
1938198547AmericanNevadaMurder
1955200246AmericanOhioMurder (2 counts)
1947199043AmericanOklahomaMurder
1975201438AmericanTexasMurder[56]
1961200544AmericanGeorgia Malice murder[57]
1967200841AmericanOhioMurder (2 counts)
1954c. 1964199833GuatemalanGuatemalaMurder (7 counts)[58]
1944199753AmericanColoradoMurder[59]
1958199537AmericanIllinoisMurder (4 counts)[60]
1968201142AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder
1957200648AmericanMontanaMurder (3 counts)
1962198927AmericanTexasMurder
1955199237AmericanTexasMurder[61]
1976200428AmericanOhioMurder
1974201137AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder (2 counts)
1951200655Puerto RicanFloridaMurder
1963202359AmericanFloridaMurder[62]
1955202266AmericanArizonaMurder[63]
1975200832AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)[64]
1972200633AmericanTexasMurder (4 counts)
1952201058AmericanOklahomaMurder
1943199956AmericanTexasMurder[65]
1960199938FilipinoPhilippinesRape of a minor[66]
1942200158AmericanWashington StateMurder
1954199541AmericanArkansasMurder
1937199961CanadianTexasMurder
1963200946AmericanOhioMurder (5 counts)[67]
1948201365AmericanFloridaMurder (8 counts)[68]
1969200636AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder[69]
1960201049AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder (2 counts)
1956200347AmericanOhioMurder
1950201363AmericanMissouriMurder
1980201635AmericanTexasMurder[70]
1942199452AmericanIllinoisMurder (12 counts)[71]
1972201643AmericanTexasMurder[72]
1973201138MexicanTexasMurder
1980201535AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[73]
1970200838AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder[74]
1956c. 1956199942–43AmericanArkansasMurder (3 counts)
1963199228AmericanTexasMurder
1950201867AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder (3 counts)[75]
1956200144AmericanIndianaMurder (3 counts)[76]
1967202356AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)[77]
1957199739AmericanVirginiaMurder[78]
1975200933AmericanOhioMurder
1966199832AmericanMarylandMurder[79]
1968201547AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[80]
1905194539ItalianNazi GermanyAiding Jews[81]
1953201258AmericanFloridaMurder (6 counts)
1963201350AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)[82]
1961202160AmericanOklahomaMurder[83]
1950199645AmericanTexasMurder (7 counts)[84]
1962199532AmericanOklahomaMurder
1967200538AmericanMissouriMurder (2 counts)
1949199747AmericanArizonaMurder (4 counts)[85]
1951199847AmericanArizonaMurder (2 counts)[86]
1963200036AmericanTexasMurder[87]
1955199237AmericanTexasMurder[88]
1954199540AmericanMissouriMurder
1965201045AmericanFloridaMurder
1970200332AmericanOklahomaMurder (2 counts)
1971202049AmericanIndianaMurder[89]
1974200934AmericanTexasMurder (5 counts)[90]
1972201240AmericanTexasMurder (5 counts)[91]
1964200339AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1948200354AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[92]
1943199955AmericanPennsylvaniaMurder (2 counts)
1951201463AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)[93]
1974200834AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)
1971201241AmericanTexasMurder[94]
1956200549AmericanOhioMurder
1972202148AmericanIndianaMurder[95]
1957200648AmericanFloridaMurder
1954200349AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)
1960201554AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[96]
1950200050AmericanTexasMurder[97]
1956199437AmericanArkansasMurder
1975202448AmericanUtahMurder[98]
1968202052AmericanIndianaMurder (5 counts)[99]
1953200349AmericanOklahomaMurder (2 counts)[100]
1945202276AmericanArizonaMurder (2 counts)[101]
1949199242AmericanWyomingMurder (4 counts)
1958200243British/AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[102]
1973200532AmericanTexasMurder
1930200474AmericanAlabamaMurder[103]
1971200534AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder
1959199738AmericanMarylandMurder
1947200053AmericanMissouriMurder (2 counts)align=center [104]
1929198454AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder (3 counts)
1961199534AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder (4 counts)[105]
1958201859AmericanTennesseeMurder[106]
1954199642AmericanLouisianaMurder
1972202250AmericanAlabamaMurder[107]
1971199928AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[108]
1954199339AmericanTexasMurder
1980200828ChineseChinaMurder (6 counts)[109]
1968202152AmericanIndianaMurder[110]
1963200037AmericanArkansasMurder
1960202161AmericanMissouriMurder (3 counts)[111]
1985202237AmericanMissouriMurder[112]
1983201228AmericanDelawareMurder[113]
1943201672AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[114]
1964201752AmericanArkansasMurder (2 counts)[115]
1950200353AmericanIndianaMurder[116]
1979202141AmericanTexasMurder[117]
1951200857AmericanTexasMurder[118]
1969201343BurmeseChinaMurder[119]
1951201462AmericanFloridaMurder[120]
1960c. 1963199935AmericanIllinoisMurder[121]
1893194349PolishNazi GermanyRefusing to preach in German[122]
1983201329AmericanAlabamaMurder[123]
1957201557AmericanTexasMurder[124]
1957200446AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)[125]
1953202066AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder (2 counts)[126]
1960c. 1960201050AmericanArizonaMurder[127]
1966199831AmericanMontanaMurder (2 counts)
1951199544AmericanMissouriMurder[128]
1970202050AmericanIndianaMurder [129]
1973202047AmericanIndianaMurder (3 counts)[130]
1965201751AmericanArkansasMurder[131]
1903194441BritishNazi-occupied FranceBeing a French Resistance fighter[132]
1969201041AmericanVirginiaMurder (2 counts)
1933199966ChineseChinaTreason[133]
1963200137AmericanMissouriMurder[134]
1953199946AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)
1953201965AmericanFloridaMurder (10 counts)[135]
1992201826ThaiThailandMurder[136]
1968200537AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder
1978201637AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[137]
1950200656AmericanOhioMurder (5 counts)
1955200853AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder
1972200331AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1958200647AmericanNevadaMurder[138]
1961199938AmericanMissouriMurder[139]
1961200947AmericanFloridaMurder
1960200342AmericanOhioMurder
1967200235AmericanLouisianaMurder
1973200128AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1941200159AmericanCaliforniaMurder[140]
1950200554AmericanIndianaMurder[141]
1961201352AmericanTexasMurder
1973202349AmericanMissouriMurder[142]
1948198940AmericanTexasMurder[143]
1946199852AmericanTexasMurder
1960201453AmericanOhioMurder[144]
1970200535AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder (2 counts)
1951199543AmericanMontanaMurder
1968200133AmericanIndiana11 federal charges, including 8 counts of murder[145]
1975200833MexicanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1971201746AmericanAlabamaMurder (3 counts)[146]
1944198944AmericanMissouriMurder
1963200440AmericanOhioMurder
1981202038Native AmericanIndianaMurder[147]
1965200539AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder
1968202152AmericanIndianaMurder[148]
1935201883AmericanAlabamaMurder[149]
1957201860AmericanNebraskaMurder[150]
1941199756AmericanOregonMurder (2 counts)
1959198727AmericanTexasMurder[151]
1951198534AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)
1982201735AmericanVirginiaMurder (2 counts)[152]
1942199552AmericanPennsylvaniaMurder (3 counts)[153]
1960200948AmericanVirginiaMurder
1953199744AmericanVirginiaMurder
1960200545AmericanArkansasMurder
1965200237AmericanOklahomaMurder (4 counts)
1974202045AmericanIndianaMurder[154]
1961200747AmericanTexasMurder (4 counts)
1965200540AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)
1928200577AmericanMississippiMurder[155]
1972200331AmericanArkansasMurder (3 counts)
1965201550AmericanMissouriMurder[156]
1944198439AmericanTexasMurder
1961199534AmericanMissouriMurder[157]
1962200442AmericanMarylandMurder (2 counts)
1923194420GermanNazi-occupied FranceBeing a Special Operations Executive member[158]
1970200837AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder
1971201745AmericanOhioMurder (2 counts)[159]
1961202362AmericanFloridaMurder (2 counts)[160]
1981200725AmericanSouth DakotaMurder[161]
1956201256AmericanFloridaMurder (8 counts)[162]
1964199935AmericanUtahMurder
1945198944AmericanTexasMurder[163]
1954200450AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1957199234AmericanDelawareMurder (2 counts)[164]
1955200953AmericanTexasMurder[165]
1982201028AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)[166]
1973201743AmericanOhioMurder[167]
1954199843AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder[168]
1986202235AmericanOklahomaMurder (4 counts)[169]
1965201549SalvadoranVirginiaMurder[170]
1949200051AmericanFloridaMurder
1949199949AmericanArkansasMurder
1979201738AmericanTexasMurder[171]
1952202068AmericanIndianaMurder[172]
1965202459AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[173]
1964200238PakistaniVirginiaMurder[174]
1956201054ChineseChinaAccepting bribes, rape[175]
1963200542AmericanTexasMurder
1950199242AmericanArkansasMurder
1954199339AmericanDelawareMurder[176]
1977202244AmericanAlabamaMurder[177]
1960200645MexicanTexasMurder
1956201963AmericanSouth DakotaMurder[178]
1957201154AmericanIdahoMurder (3 counts)[179]
1979201031AmericanGeorgia (U.S.)Murder[180]
1955200045AmericanCaliforniaMurder (4 counts)[181]
1959200747AmericanTexasMurder
1951199443AmericanArkansasMurder
1961200543AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder (3 counts)[182]
1971200028AmericanArkansasMurder (2 counts)
1952199946AmericanMissouriMurder
1952200451AmericanFloridaMurder
1968199931AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder
1980201838AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[183]
1954200652AmericanFloridaMurder (5 counts)
1959200545AmericanConnecticutMurder (8 counts)[184]
1971201341AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1915194429BritishNazi-occupied FranceBeing a Special Operations Executive member
1955200550AmericanTexasMurder
1971200432AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1970199827AmericanWashington StateMurder (3 counts)
1963200036AmericanTexasMurder
1951c. 1951199342AmericanLouisianaMurder
1968200839AmericanFloridaMurder
1952200148AmericanOhioMurder
1969199929AmericanOklahomaMurder (3 counts)
1964201449AmericanTexasMurder
1956200953BritishChinaDrug trafficking[185]
1954199743AmericanTexasMurder[186]
1962201855AmericanTexasMurder[187]
1940199049AmericanArkansasMurder (16 counts)
1942200058AmericanFloridaMurder [188]
1959200444AmericanArkansasMurder
1951199947ThaiCaliforniaMurder (2 counts)[189]
1959200949AmericanMissouriMurder[190]
1970200130AmericanArkansasMurder (5 counts)
1952199037AmericanTexasMurder[191]
1957199537AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1957200547AmericanOhioMurder
1930199564AmericanArkansasMurder
1951199543AmericanOklahomaMurder (9 counts)
1968200536AmericanDelawareMurder[192]
1952199644AmericanIllinoisMurder (3 counts)[193]
1951199039AmericanMissouriMurder[194]
1969201141AmericanTexasMurder[195]
1938200567AmericanNorth CarolinaMurder
1962200038AmericanLouisianaMurder
1967201447AmericanMissouriMurder
1949199445AmericanMarylandMurder (3 counts)[196]
1971200534AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)
1955199843AmericanCaliforniaMurder[197]
1938198951AmericanNevadaMurder[198]
1961199635AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder[199]
1959199838AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1960201858AmericanOhioMurder[200]
1977201638AmericanTexasMurder[201]
1980202040AmericanIndianaMurder[202]
1940199050AmericanIllinoisMurder (2 counts)[203]
1982201633AmericanTexasMurder[204]
1936199559AmericanLouisianaMurder
1962199431AmericanIdahoMurder (2 counts)[205]
1958201658AmericanTexasMurder (5 counts)[206]
1947201063AmericanAlabamaMurder[207]
1950200555AmericanTexasMurder
1952200452AmericanOhioMurder (2 counts)[208]
1971200028AmericanTexasMurder
1968201748AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)[209]
1947199952AmericanArkansasMurder
1961199937AmericanLouisianaMurder
1947199648AmericanCaliforniaMurder (3 counts)[210]
1979201738AmericanArkansasMurder[211]
1953200551AmericanCaliforniaMurder (4 counts)[212]
1956200648AmericanOhioMurder (4 counts)
1968200436AmericanTexasMurder (3 counts)
1976201942AmericanGeorgia (U.S.) Murder[213]
1958201254AmericanTexasMurder
1954200551AmericanSouth CarolinaMurder (4 counts)
1958201455AmericanArizonaMurder (2 counts)[214]
1965200944AmericanTexasMurder
1976202043AmericanAlabamaMurder[215]
1980201131AmericanTexasMurder (2 counts)
1953200753AmericanTennesseeMurder
1940199656AmericanOregonMurder (3 counts)
1960200949AmericanIndianaMurder (3 counts)[216]
1956200246AmericanFloridaMurder (7 counts)
1968 202354AmericanFloridaMurder[217]
1955199539AmericanPennsylvaniaMurder[218]
1958200445AmericanOhioMurder

See also

Notes and References

  1. Groner JI . Lethal injection: a stain on the face of medicine . BMJ . 325 . 7371 . 1026–8 . 2002 . 12411367 . 10.1136/bmj.325.7371.1026 . 1124498.
  2. Book: So Long as They Die: Lethal Injections in the United States . . Jamie . Fellner . Sarah . Tofte . Human Rights Watch . 18 . 1(G) . April 2006.
  3. Web site: States and Capital Punishment . . July 23, 2017 . https://archive.today/20160401021932/http://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/death-penalty.aspx . April 1, 2016 . live .
  4. Web site: These are the countries still using lethal injection to kill people . Kim . Jeanne . May 7, 2014 . . April 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170430032300/https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-05-07/these-are-countries-still-using-lethal-injection-kill-people . April 30, 2017 . live .
  5. Web site: Maldives . Death Penalty Database . https://web.archive.org/web/20200417121517/https://dpw.pointjupiter.co/country-search-post.cfm?country=Maldives . April 17, 2020 . live.
  6. Web site: Death penalty in Nigeria: Constitutional but unconventional . Nwachukwu . J.B. . April 26, 2017 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20170426043947/http://www.businessdayonline.com/death-penalty-nigeria-constitutional-unconventional/ . April 26, 2017 . dead.
  7. News: In the know: Death penalty . . 17 May 2016 . https://archive.today/20171202055854/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/785954/in-the-know-death-penalty . December 2, 2017 . live.
  8. Web site: Death Penalty-Guatemala: Green Light for Executions . February 13, 2008 . . July 17, 2017 . https://archive.today/20130221153437/http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/02/death-penalty-guatemala-green-light-for-executions/ . February 21, 2013 . live .
  9. Web site: Taiwan . Death Penalty Database . https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095519/https://dpw.pointjupiter.co/country-search-post.cfm?country=Taiwan . April 17, 2020 . live.
  10. Web site: FDA: Texas lethal injection drugs must be destroyed or exported . Scutti . Susan . April 21, 2017 . . July 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170730092836/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/21/health/execution-drugs-fda/index.html . July 30, 2017 . live .
  11. Web site: China ends death penalty for 13 economic crimes . Hogg . Chris . February 25, 2011 . . July 22, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170722093939/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12580504 . July 22, 2017 . live .
  12. 2010 . Reducing Death Penalty Crimes in China More Symbol Than Substance . Dialogue . . 41 . 6 . 2017-07-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151017095219/http://www.duihua.org/work/publications/nl/nl_pdf/nl_41.pdf . 2015-10-17 . dead .
  13. Web site: Lethal injection—the humane alternative? . Bean . Matt . June 8, 2001 . . June 25, 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010625104340/http://www.courttv.com/news/mcveigh_special/botched_ctv.html . June 25, 2001 . dead.
  14. Web site: Botched Oklahoma execution leaves inmate writhing on gurney . Fretland . Katie . April 30, 2014 . . July 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20140430044116/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/30/oklahoma-execution-botched-clayton-lockett . April 30, 2014 . live .
  15. Web site: Unclear future for executions after Ohio's longest . Kantele . Franco . Welsh-Huggins . Andrew . January 18, 2014 . . July 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20140119151823/http://www.ctpost.com/news/crime/article/Unclear-future-for-executions-after-Ohio-s-longest-5154773.php . January 19, 2014 . dead .
  16. Web site: Botched Executions . Death Penalty Information Centre . July 17, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170610134325/https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/some-examples-post-furman-botched-executions . June 10, 2017 . live .
  17. Book: Sarat, Austin . April 30, 2014 . Gruesome Spectacles: Botched Executions and America's Death Penalty . Stanford University Press . 177 . 978-0804791724.
  18. Book: Van Norman, Gail A . 2011 . Physician participation in executions . Cambridge University Press . 978-0511855139 . 287.
  19. News: Liptak. Adam. Adam Liptak. Supreme Court Allows Use of Execution Drug. July 17, 2017. https://archive.today/20170717145903/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/30/us/supreme-court-execution-drug.html?_r=0. July 17, 2017. The New York Times. June 29, 2015. A1. dead.
  20. Web site: Illinois Executes Man Who Killed 3 For Inheritance. The New York Times. September 21, 1995. https://archive.today/20211122093339/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/21/us/illinois-executes-man-who-killed-3-for-inheritance.html. November 22, 2021.
  21. News: Turner. Alan. March 30, 2010. Houston man executed for 1998 burglary-slaying. Houston Chronicle. June 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210615144201/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-man-executed-for-1998-burglary-slaying-1708577.php . live.
  22. News: Killer apologizes to Clendennen's family . 17 December 2021 . Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 27 August 2004.
  23. News: June 9, 1995. Holdup Man Who Killed Is Executed. The New York Times. December 19, 2021. https://archive.today/20211219153636/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/09/us/holdup-man-who-killed-is-executed.html. December 19, 2021.
  24. Web site: Stephen Wayne Anderson . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20130414121708/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/anderson754.htm . April 14, 2013 . live .
  25. Web site: Dachau Martyr Beatified in Germany . Villa . Carmen Elena . June 13, 2011 . . May 10, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170510121050/https://zenit.org/articles/dachau-martyr-beatified-in-germany/ . May 10, 2017 . live .
  26. News: March 6, 1998. John Arnold Executed in S. Carolina. Associated Press. March 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319143419/https://apnews.com/article/93e672c11fdf816c74875f0e04d46c5c . March 19, 2022 . live.
  27. News: Berman. Mark. August 24, 2017. Using a new drug, Florida executes a death-row inmate for the first time in a year-and-a-half. The Washington Post. April 10, 2022. https://archive.today/20220410134120/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/24/florida-prepares-to-execute-a-death-row-inmate-for-the-first-time-in-a-year-and-a-half/. April 10, 2022.
  28. News: Cooper. Jonathan J.. Billeaud. Jacques. June 8, 2022. Arizona executes Frank Atwood for 1984 killing of young girl. Associated Press. October 17, 2022.
  29. Web site: California executes mentally ill Vietnam veteran . White . Jerry . May 5, 1999 . . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20130416074757/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/05/exec-m05.html . April 16, 2013 . live .
  30. Web site: Wesley Eugene Baker . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 22, 2017 . https://archive.today/20130902065648/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/baker1002.htm . September 2, 2013 . live .
  31. News: Easton. Pam. January 15, 2003. Man who fatally shot 5-year-old set to be executed Wednesday night. The Beaumont Enterprise. October 17, 2022.
  32. Web site: Rise of Chinese whizzkid ends in lethal injection . Coonan . Clifford . March 20, 2006 . . April 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170430123650/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/rise-of-chinese-whizzkid-ends-in-lethal-injection-6106196.html . April 30, 2017 . live .
  33. News: Anderson. Curt. August 4, 2023. Florida man who dropped appeals is executed for 1988 hammer killing of a nurse. Associated Press. August 4, 2023.
  34. Web site: John David Battaglia: Texas man smiles as he's executed by lethal injection for murder of two young daughters . Matthews-King . Alex . February 2, 2018 . . https://archive.today/20180320225523/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/john-david-battaglia-lethal-injection-texas-execution-murder-daughters-mother-hear-hope-liberty-a8190641.html . March 20, 2018 . live .
  35. Web site: Donald Jay Beardslee . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170514120017/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/beardslee946.htm . May 14, 2017 . live .
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  39. Web site: Oscar Ray Bolin Jr. executed after four-hour delay for final appeal. Tampa Bay Times. January 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093104/https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/execution-of-oscar-ray-bolin-under-delay-for-final-appeal-to-us-supreme/2260491/ . November 8, 2020 . live.
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  42. Web site: Alfred Bourgeois executed: Child killer second to have lethal injection in two days. December 12, 2020. The Mirror.
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  52. Web site: November 21, 2008. Kentucky Executes First Inmate In 9 Years. CBS News. https://web.archive.org/web/20210502230213/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kentucky-executes-first-inmate-in-9-years/ . May 2, 2021 . live.
  53. Web site: Tied to 12 deaths, Dallas "thrill killer" executed. Michael Graczyk. Plainview Daily Herald. April 22, 2003. https://archive.today/20220807045200/https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/Tied-to-12-deaths-Dallas-thrill-killer-executed-9081330.php. August 7, 2022.
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  67. Web site: Ohio executes John Fautenberry, the trucker who went on a killing spree . . July 14, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200714091419/https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2009/07/ohio_executes_john_fautenberry.html . July 14, 2020 . live.
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  83. News: October 29, 2021. Inmate executed in Oklahoma's first lethal injection in six years. The Guardian. January 25, 2022. https://archive.today/20220125104503/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/28/john-marion-grant-executed-oklahoma-lethal-injection. January 25, 2022.
  84. News: February 28, 1996. Killer of 7 Executed After a 20-Year Stay On Texas Death Row. The New York Times. https://archive.today/20120712141924/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/28/us/killer-of-7-executed-after-a-20-year-stay-on-texas-death-row.html. July 12, 2012.
  85. Web site: Greenawalt executed for murders. C.T. Revere. Tucson Citizen. January 23, 1997. https://archive.today/20211129130714/http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/1997/01/23/98025-greenawalt-executed-for-murders/. November 29, 2021. November 29, 2021. live.
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  89. Web site: U.S. carries out 8th federal execution of 2020. November 20, 2020. UPI.
  90. News: Texas Man Who Killed 5 Relatives Executed. December 27, 2021. KXAS-TV. June 2, 2009. https://archive.today/20211227093214/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/execution-set-tuesday-for-texas-man-who-killed-5/1850279/. December 27, 2021.
  91. News: Hennessy-Fiske. Molly. September 20, 2012. Texas executes Robert Wayne Harris. Los Angeles Times. June 4, 2022. https://archive.today/20220604200228/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2012-sep-20-la-na-nn-harris-execution-20120920-story.html. June 4, 2022. live.
  92. News: Graczyk. Michael. September 13, 2003. Hayes first white executed in Texas for killing a black. Plainview Daily Herald. November 19, 2022.
  93. Web site: John Henry, Pasco man who killed wife, boy, is executed. Tampa Bay Times. June 19, 2014. https://archive.today/20220104092531/https://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/john-henry-set-for-execution-tonight-refuses-last-meal/2184971/. January 4, 2022.
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  95. Web site: Dustin Higgs executed less than a week before Inauguration Day. CNN. January 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121223235/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/16/us/dustin-higgs-executed/index.html . January 21, 2021 . live.
  96. Web site: Kate . Brumback . Warren Hill Executed Despite Being Labeled Intellectually Disabled . . 27 January 2015 . 29 January 2015 . dead . https://archive.today/20150128135448/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/27/warren-hill-executed-intellectually-disabled-_n_6559292.html . 28 January 2015 .
  97. Web site: Convicted Cop Killer Put To Death Wednesday. Tyler Morning Telegraph. December 7, 2000. Newspapers.com.
  98. News: Schoenbaum. Hannah. August 8, 2024. Utah man who killed woman is put to death by lethal injection in state's first execution since 2010. Associated Press.
  99. Web site: Dustin Lee Honken: US government executes 3rd federal inmate this week . July 17, 2020 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118131454/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/17/politics/dustin-lee-honken-federal-execution/index.html . January 18, 2021 . live.
  100. Web site: OC man put to death for 1988 double slaying. Barbara Hoberock. Tulsa World. March 26, 2003. https://archive.today/20220803154040/https://tulsaworld.com/archive/oc-man-put-to-death-for-1988-double-slaying/article_345771a1-02c6-5ca3-84a8-59d84e26aa21.html. August 3, 2022.
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  102. Web site: Death row Briton executed. James Langton. Evening Standard. April 12, 2002. https://archive.today/20210611091436/https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/death-row-briton-executed-6329845.html. June 11, 2021.
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  118. Web site: Kelly apologizes before execution for deaths of Spring Hill family. Wes Ferguson. The Lufkin Daily News. October 15, 2008. https://archive.today/20220328140003/https://lufkindailynews.com/news/article_f26fea75-b333-5645-a5b2-83e3828ce02b.html. March 28, 2022.
  119. Web site: China executes drug kingpin with last moments on TV . Phillips . Tom . March 1, 2013 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20150722035513/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9901831/China-executes-drug-kingpin-with-last-moments-on-TV.html . July 22, 2015 . live.
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  125. Web site: Convicted killer of 10-year-old he impregnated executed. Michael Graczyk. Plainview Daily Herald. February 10, 2004. https://archive.today/20220706053307/https://www.myplainview.com/news/article/Convicted-killer-of-10-year-old-he-impregnated-8770534.php. July 6, 2022.
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  131. Web site: Arkansas Puts Ledell Lee to Death, in Its First Execution Since 2005 . Blinder . Alan . Fernandez . Manny . April 21, 2017 . . June 3, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170421052436/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/21/us/arkansas-death-penalty-ledell-lee-execution.html?_r=0 . April 21, 2017 . live .
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  134. Web site: Gay prisoner executed in Missouri. Robinson. Ryan. February 7, 2001. https://web.archive.org/web/20141123064319/https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=94160&page=1 . November 23, 2014 . live . ABC News.
  135. Web site: Bobby Joe Long is executed in Florida for killing eight women in 1984 . Johnson . Alex . May 24, 2019 . . https://archive.today/20190524012729/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/serial-killer-bobby-joe-long-execution-n1009066 . May 24, 2019 . live .
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  138. Web site: Riley. Brendan. April 27, 2006. Nev. Executes Convicted Rapist, Murderer. . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312035806/https://apnews.com/article/15f4e98bb39ad87c1b280bf95602cec7 . March 12, 2021 . live.
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  142. Web site: Madani . Doha . January 4, 2023 . Amber McLaughlin, the first openly transgender person to be executed in the U.S., dies by lethal injection . NBC News . https://web.archive.org/web/20230104012738/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/amber-mclaughlin-first-openly-transgender-person-executed-us-dies-leth-rcna64071 . January 4, 2023 . live.
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  145. Web site: Timothy James McVeigh . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 16, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170516120221/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/mcveigh717.htm . May 16, 2017 . live .
  146. Web site: Robert Melson executed in Alabama for '94 triple murder during robbery . June 9, 2017 . . July 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170730004301/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-melson-executed-in-alabama-for-94-triple-murder-during-robbery/ . July 30, 2017 . live .
  147. Web site: Lezmond Charles Mitchell executed for 2001 murder of child, grandmother . Lisa Trigg . CNHI News . August 26, 2020 . October 16, 2022.
  148. Web site: Lisa Montgomery: US executes only woman on federal death row . BBC News. January 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129075003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55642177 . January 29, 2021 . live.
  149. Web site: Alabama Executes Mail Bomber, 83, the Oldest Inmate Put to Death in Modern Era . Blinder . Alan . April 19, 2018 . . https://archive.today/20180525004937/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/us/alabama-execution-walter-leroy-moody.html . May 25, 2018 . live .
  150. Web site: Nebraska executes first death row inmate since 1997 . August 14, 2018 . .
  151. Web site: Texan who killed 6 in 1983 is executed. July 7, 2017. The New York Times. November 24, 2021.
  152. Web site: Virginia executes William Morva using controversial three-drug mixture . July 7, 2017 . . July 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170730005703/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/07/virginia-executes-william-morva-using-controversial-three-drug-mixture . July 30, 2017 . live .
  153. Web site: Killer of His Ex-Wife and 2 Daughters Is Executed. August 17, 1995 . The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606112143/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/us/killer-of-his-ex-wife-and-2-daughters-is-executed.html. June 6, 2019 . live.
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  155. Web site: John B. Nixon Sr. . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 17, 2017 . https://archive.today/20130414141028/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/nixon1004.htm . April 14, 2013 . live .
  156. News: September 2, 2015. Missouri executes man after 25 years on death row for murder of teenage girl. The Guardian. June 4, 2022. https://archive.today/20220604090431/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/sep/02/missouri-executes-man-death-row-roderick-nunley. June 4, 2022. live.
  157. News: Schafer. Ed. December 6, 1995. White Supremacist Executed in Missouri for Killing Black Inmate. Associated Press. April 3, 2022. https://archive.today/20220403114438/https://apnews.com/article/876e339c2bb125b5bf0daad3cb48e329. April 3, 2022. live.
  158. Web site: The awful fate of betrayed volunteer who operated behind enemy lines in France . Singh . Anita . April 29, 2017 . . June 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170618095831/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/29/awful-fate-betrayed-volunteer-operated-behind-enemy-lines-france/ . June 18, 2017 . live .
  159. Web site: Ohio Executes Double Murderer Gary Otte as He Sings Hymn . Connor . Tracy . September 13, 2017 . . September 20, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170920032010/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/lethal-injection/ohio-executes-double-murderer-gary-otte-n800971 . September 20, 2017 . live.
  160. News: Washington. Wayne. June 15, 2023. Duane Owen executed in killings of babysitter, mom. What Karen Slattery's sister said. The Palm Beach Post. October 22, 2023. https://archive.today/20231022073118/https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/crime/2023/06/15/florida-execution-duane-owen-executed-for-murder-of-karen-slattery/70314753007/. October 22, 2023. live.
  161. Web site: South Dakota Carries Out First Execution in 60 Years . Fox News. July 12, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312042549/https://www.foxnews.com/story/south-dakota-carries-out-first-execution-in-60-years . March 12, 2021 . live.
  162. Web site: Florida executes ex-cop for killing 9 in 1986 . . December 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129073640/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/12/11/fla-police-pardo-execution/1760473/ . January 29, 2021 . live.
  163. News: September 21, 1989. Ex-Singer Executed in Texas for Contract Killing. The New York Times. October 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213201131/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/21/us/ex-singer-executed-in-texas-for-contract-killing.html. February 13, 2018.
  164. Web site: Delaware killer gets last wish -- death . May 15, 2017 . . March 15, 1992 . https://archive.today/20130117120810/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-03-15/news/1992075020_1_pennell-delaware-inside-the-trailer . January 17, 2013 . live .
  165. News: Tobin. Mike. January 23, 2009. Man executed in Texas was suspect in Cleveland killings. The Plain Dealer. January 8, 2022. https://archive.today/20220108160526/https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2009/01/man_executed_in_texas_was_susp.html. January 8, 2022.
  166. News: Tolson. Mike. July 1, 2010. Inmate executed for Conroe nurse's murder. Houston Chronicle. May 18, 2022 . https://archive.today/20220518073254/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Inmate-executed-for-Conroe-nurse-s-murder-1698639.php . live.
  167. Web site: Ronald Phillips Executed in Ohio, Ending Three-Year Break . Connor . Tracy . July 26, 2017 . . July 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170730002909/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/lethal-injection/ronald-phillips-executed-ohio-ending-three-year-break-n786676 . July 30, 2017 . live .
  168. News: July 11, 1998. South Carolina Executes Man. Associated Press. March 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319134919/https://apnews.com/article/7eb39c96d93e0a43dc4ecdaa0af0a274 . March 19, 2022 . live.
  169. News: Murphy. Sean. February 17, 2022. Oklahoma executes man for role in 2005 quadruple slaying. Associated Press. May 11, 2022. https://archive.today/20220511225519/https://apnews.com/article/executions-oklahoma-mcalester-24d25f6c178c5b0852ccae3ba03214f1. May 11, 2022. live.
  170. Web site: Virginia executes serial killer Alfredo Prieto after appeals fail. The Guardian. October 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108103649/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/oct/02/virginia-executes-serial-killer-alfredo-prieto-after-appeals-fail . November 8, 2020 . live.
  171. Web site: Inmate executed for murder of correctional officer . Stark . Cody . October 13, 2017 . The Item . October 16, 2017 . https://archive.today/20171016140947/http://www.itemonline.com/news/local_news/inmate-executed-for-murder-of-correctional-officer/article_e281ba43-56dc-5176-909e-9d255045d048.html . October 16, 2017 . live .
  172. News: Fuchs. Hailey. July 16, 2020. Government Executes Second Federal Death Row Prisoner in a Week. The New York Times. January 2, 2022. https://archive.today/20201027011225/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/16/us/politics/wesley-ira-purkey-executed.html. October 27, 2020.
  173. News: Martin. Jeff. March 21, 2024. Man put to death for 1993 killing of ex-girlfriend, Georgia's first execution in years. Associated Press. https://archive.today/20240322211926/https://apnews.com/article/georgia-death-penalty-lethal-injection-execution-willie-james-pye-d9e91b51c433667bcd58b6b39f0c32cd. March 22, 2024. live.
  174. Web site: Pakistani man executed for CIA killings . November 15, 2002 . . June 4, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170604013832/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/LAW/11/14/cia.killings.execution/ . June 4, 2017 . live .
  175. Web site: China executes top Chongqing official for corruption . April 30, 2017 . . July 7, 2010 . https://archive.today/20170430033417/http://www.bbc.com/news/10535226 . April 30, 2017 . live .
  176. Web site: Delaware executes five-time killer James Allen Red Dog . April 30, 2017 . . March 3, 1993 . https://archive.today/20170514235928/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/03/03/Delaware-executes-five-time-killer-James-Allen-Red-Dog/6475731134800/ . May 14, 2017 . live .
  177. News: Reeves. Jay. January 27, 2022. Man executed for 1996 killing after Supreme Court clears way. Associated Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20220128020408/https://apnews.com/article/us-supreme-court-health-alabama-executions-b9b6c18d2d0f1833329d09091998b14a . January 28, 2022 . live.
  178. News: November 4, 2019. Convicted killer Charles Rhines executed in South Dakota for stabbing co-worker in 1992. CBS News. November 23, 2022.
  179. Web site: Killer Paul Ezra Rhoades put to death in Idaho -- state's first execution in 17 years. The Oregonian. November 18, 2011. https://archive.today/20211201083756/https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2011/11/killer_paul_ezra_rhoades_put_t.html. December 1, 2021.
  180. News: Georgia executes killer who had attempted suicide on death row . . September 28, 2010 . November 8, 2022.
  181. News: Boxall. Bettina. March 15, 2000. Killer Held on Death Row Since '81 Is Executed. Los Angeles Times. October 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211009102205/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-mar-15-mn-9085-story.html. October 9, 2021.
  182. News: N.C. man executed for '91 slayings of 4 people . NBC News. 6 May 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220105015234/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7755423 . 5 January 2022.
  183. Web site: Texas executes Lubbock "suitcase killer" . McCullough . Jolie . March 27, 2018 . . https://archive.today/20180330115621/https://www.texastribune.org/2018/03/27/lubbocks-suitcase-killer-fights-upcoming-execution/ . March 30, 2018 . live .
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  186. Web site: A convicted killer's last words. Maria Seminerio. ZDNet. November 20, 1997. https://archive.today/20220425082811/https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-convicted-killers-last-words/. April 25, 2022.
  187. Web site: Texas "Tourniquet Killer" put to death in first execution of 2018 . January 18, 2018 . . https://archive.today/20180320225325/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/texas-tourniquet-killer-anthony-allen-shore-lethal-injection-first-execution-of-2018/ . March 20, 2018 . live .
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  189. News: February 10, 1999. National News Briefs; California Executes A Remorseful Killer. The New York Times. December 19, 2021. https://archive.today/20211219211841/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/10/us/national-news-briefs-california-executes-a-remorseful-killer.html. December 19, 2021.
  190. Web site: Missouri: Execution in 1994 Killing. The New York Times. May 21, 2009. https://archive.today/20220929200223/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/21/us/21brfs-EXECUTIONIN1_BRF.html. September 29, 2022.
  191. News: June 26, 1990. Two killers executed in neighboring states. United Press International. https://web.archive.org/web/20210922014121/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/06/26/Two-killers-executed-in-neighboring-states/2902646372800/ . September 22, 2021 . live.
  192. Web site: Brian D. "Red" Steckel . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170514234856/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/steckel991.htm . May 14, 2017 . live .
  193. Web site: RAY STEWART EXECUTED FOR KILLING SPREE. 2021-12-07. Chicago Tribune. 18 September 1996 . en. https://archive.today/20211210105350/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-18-9609180289-story.html. December 10, 2021.
  194. News: May 11, 1990. Condemned man executed for 1978 killing. United Press International. https://web.archive.org/web/20210616160006/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/05/11/Condemned-man-executed-for-1978-killing/2964642398400/ . June 16, 2021 . live.
  195. News: July 21, 2011. Post-9/11 hate killer Mark Stroman executed in Texas. BBC News. July 4, 2021.
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  197. Web site: Inmate Said Goodbyes, Then Died. July 15, 1998. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101505/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jul-15-mn-3919-story.html . March 8, 2021 . live.
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  199. Web site: Condemned man dies of lethal injection. United Press International. September 6, 1996. https://archive.today/20220110205626/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/09/06/Condemned-man-dies-of-lethal-injection/3663841982400/. January 10, 2022.
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  201. Web site: Pablo Lucio Vasquez executed: 'Texas Vampire' who murdered boy then drank his blood killed by lethal injection . April 7, 2016 . . June 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170618083646/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/pablo-lucio-vasquez-executed-texas-vampire-murdered-boy-david-cardenas-drank-blood-lethal-injection-a6972416.html . June 18, 2017 . live .
  202. Web site: US executes first Black federal inmate in more than 17 years. September 24, 2020. CBS News.
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  204. Web site: Texas Executes Mentally Ill Man After Multiple Appeals . Wescott . Lucy . March 22, 2016 . . June 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170618091349/http://www.newsweek.com/adam-ward-texas-execution-mental-illness-439570 . June 18, 2017 . live .
  205. Web site: First Idaho Execution in 36 Years: A Killer Who Used a Baseball Bat . . January 7, 1994 . May 15, 2017 . https://archive.today/20120713183516/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/07/us/first-idaho-execution-in-36-years-a-killer-who-used-a-baseball-bat.html . July 13, 2012 . live .
  206. Web site: Man Who Killed 5 Executed Wednesday . McCullough . Jolie . March 9, 2016 . . June 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170618090958/https://www.texastribune.org/2016/03/09/man-who-killed-5-faces-execution-wednesday/ . June 18, 2017 . live .
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  208. Web site: State executes man who killed, dismembered 2. James Drew. The Blade. March 31, 2004. https://archive.today/20211202085033/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2004/03/31/State-executes-man-who-killed-dismembered-2/stories/200403310021. December 2, 2021.
  209. Web site: Texas Man Who Called Death Penalty 'No Big Deal' Has Been Executed . Dillwood . Trixie . January 12, 2017 . CDA News . July 30, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170730003746/http://cdanews.com/2017/01/texas-man-who-called-death-penalty-no-big-deal-has-been-executed/ . July 30, 2017 . dead .
  210. News: May 4, 1996. The Killer Of 3 Strangers Is Executed. The New York Times. December 19, 2021. https://archive.today/20211219220228/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/04/us/the-killer-of-3-strangers-is-executed.html. December 19, 2021.
  211. News: Chavez. Nicole. April 29, 2017. Kenneth Williams' execution: The last hours leading to his death. CNN. January 18, 2022. https://archive.today/20220118093126/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/29/us/arkansas-kenneth-williams-timeline/index.html. January 18, 2022.
  212. Web site: Stanley "Tookie" Williams . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20140610182926/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/williams1003.htm . June 10, 2014 . live .
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  214. Web site: Ford . Dana . Watts . Amanda . Hanna . Jason . July 24, 2014 . Another botched execution? Inmate gasps during two-hour execution . . May 14, 2017 . https://archive.today/20140724013311/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/23/justice/arizona-execution-controversy/index.html . July 24, 2014 . live .
  215. Web site: Alabama executes inmate Nathaniel Woods . . 5 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225232215/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/us/alabama-nathaniel-woods-execution/index.html . February 25, 2021 . live.
  216. Web site: Matthew Eric Wrinkles . Clark County Prosecuting Attorney . May 18, 2017 . https://archive.today/20170518100207/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/wrinkles1188.htm . May 18, 2017 . live .
  217. News: Man who killed 2 women he met a day apart in north Florida bars in 1996 is put to death. AP News. October 3, 2023.
  218. Web site: Zettlemoyer Executed For 1980 Killing Of Pal He's The First To Be Put To Death In Pa. Since Elmo Smith Died In Chair In '62. May 3, 1995 . The Philadelphia Inquirer. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222020806/http://articles.philly.com/1995-05-03/news/25673982_1_keith-zettlemoyer-execution-warrant-pennsylvania-post-conviction-defender-organization. December 22, 2015. dead. December 27, 2019.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of people executed by lethal injection".

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