Below is a list of countries which have signed and ratified one or more multilateral international copyright treaties. This list covers only multilateral treaties (i.e., treaties by more than two countries). It does not include bilateral treaties (treaties between only two countries). Related rights provide intellectual property rights for performers, producers of sound recordings (phonograms) and broadcasting organisations. In some countries these rights are known simply as copyright, while other countries distinguish them from authors' rights: in either case, the international laws which are concerned with them are distinct from those concerned with literary and artistic works under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and other treaties.
Short name | Long name | Place/act | Date (of signature) | Date (into force) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berne | Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works | Berne | 1886-09-09 | 1887-12-05[1] | ||
Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires Convention | Buenos Aires | 1910-08-11 | 1913-03-28 | Largely deprecated since 2000-08-23, when the last Buenos Aires holdout joined Berne. The Dominican Republic was the first adherent to the Buenos Aires Convention, effective October 31, 1912. The convention came into force when Guatemala became the second adherent on March 28, 1913. | |
UCC Geneva | Universal Copyright Convention | Geneva Act | 1952-09-06 | 1955-09-16[2] | Has lost significance since almost all members are also members of TRIPS. | |
UCC Paris | Universal Copyright Convention | Paris Act | 1971-07-24 | 1974-07-10[3] | Has lost significance since almost all members are also members of TRIPS. | |
TRIPS | Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | Marrakech | 1994-04-15 | 1995-01-01[4] | Membership in TRIPS coincides with membership in the World Trade Organization except for least developed countries, which were granted a grace period; observer governments of the World Trade Organization are marked observer in the table below and painted blue in the third map below. | |
WCT | WIPO Copyright Treaty | Geneva | 1996-12-20 | 2002-03-06[5] [6] [7] | ||
MVT | Marrakesh VIP Treaty | Marrakesh | 2013-06-28 | 2016-09-30[8] | Full name is the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works to Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities. |
, Eritrea, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, and WTO Observer countries Iran, Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Timor-Leste are not a party to any copyright convention.
The list below was taken from details supplied by WIPO, UNESCO and the WTO (see references): they arecorrect as of 2005-12-11 (2000-01-01 for the Universal Copyright Convention), and include some accessions after that date. Dates quoted are the date on which the treaty came into effect for a given country.
Country | Website | Berne | Buenos Aires | UCC Geneva | UCC Paris | TRIPS | WCT | MVT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 2018-06-02[11] | 2016-06-18 | 2021-02-09[12] | 2018-10-26 | ||||
Albania | 1994-03-06 | 2004-02-04 | 2000-09-08 | 2005-08-06 | ||||
Algeria | 1998-04-19 | 1973-08-28 | 1974-07-10 | Observer | 2014-01-31[13] | |||
Andorra | 2004-06-02 | 1955-09-16 | Observer | |||||
Angola | 1996-11-23 | |||||||
Antigua and Barbuda | 2000-03-17 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Argentina | 1967-06-10 | 1950-04-19 | 1958-12-13 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | ||
Armenia | 2000-10-19 | 2003-02-05 | 2005-03-06 | 2022-09-01 | ||||
Australia | 1928-04-14 | 1969-05-01 | 1978-02-29 | 1995-01-01 | 2007-07-26 | 2016-09-30 | ||
Austria | 1920-10-01 | 1957-07-02 | 1982-08-14 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Azerbaijan | 1999-06-04 | Observer | 2006-04-11 | 2018-12-24 | ||||
Bahamas | 1973-07-10 | 1976-10-13 | 1976-12-27 | Observer | ||||
Bahrain | 1997-03-02 | 1995-01-01 | 2005-12-15 | |||||
Bangladesh | 1999-05-04 | 1975-08-05 | 1975-08-05 | 1995-01-01 | ||||
Barbados | 1983-07-30 | 1983-06-18 | 1983-06-18 | 1995-01-01 | 2019-12-13[14] | |||
Belarus | 1997-12-12 | Observer | 2002-03-06 | 2020-10-22 | ||||
Belgium | 1887-12-05 | 1960-08-31 | 1995-01-01 | 2006-08-30 | ||||
Belize | 2000-06-17 | 1983-03-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2019-02-09[15] | 2019-02-09 | |||
Benin | 1961-01-03 | 1996-02-22 | 2006-04-16 | |||||
Bhutan | 2004-11-25 | Observer | ||||||
1993-11-04 | 1914-05-15 | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 | 1995-09-12 | Signed | 2019-06-12 | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | Observer | 2009-11-25[16] | 2021-04-20 | ||
Botswana | 1998-04-15 | 1995-05-31 | 2005-01-27 | 2017-01-05 | ||||
Brazil | Biblioteca National | 1922-02-09 | 1915-08-31 | 1960-01-13 | 1975-12-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2018-10-08[17] | |
2006-08-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2017-5-2[18] | ||||||
Bulgaria | 1921-12-05 | 1975-06-07 | 1975-06-07 | 1996-12-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Burkina Faso | 1963-08-19 | 1995-06-03 | 2002-03-06 | 2017-10-31 | ||||
Burundi | 2016-04-12[19] | 1995-07-23 | 1995-07-23 | 2016-4-12[20] | ||||
Cambodia | 2022-03-09[21] | 1955-09-16 | 2004-10-13 | |||||
Cameroon | 1964-09-21 | 1973-05-01 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-12-13 | 2022-01-05 | |||
Canada | Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) | 1928-04-10 | 1962-08-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2014-08-13[22] | 2016-09-30 | ||
Cape Verde | 1997-07-07 | 2008-07-23 | 2019-5-22[23] | 2019-05-22 | ||||
Central African Republic | 1977-09-03 | 1995-05-31 | 2020-11-19 | |||||
Chad | 1971-11-25 | 1996-10-19 | ||||||
Chile | 1970-06-05 | 1955-06-14 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | |
China | 1992-10-15 | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | 2001-12-11 | 2007-06-09 (Hong Kong and Macau at later dates) | 2022-05-05 | ||
Colombia | 1988-03-07 | 1936-12-23 | 1976-06-18 | 1976-06-18 | 1995-04-30 | 2002-03-06 | ||
Comoros | 2005-04-17 | 2024-08-21[24] | 2021-04-25[25] | 2021-04-25 | ||||
Congo, the Democratic Republic of the | 1963-10-08 | 1997-01-01 | ||||||
1962-05-08 | 1997-03-27 | |||||||
2017-08-03[26] | 2019-06-19[27] | 2019-06-19 | ||||||
Costa Rica | 1978-06-10 | 1916-11-30 | 1955-09-16 | 1980-03-07 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2018-01-09 | |
Cote d'Ivoire | 1962-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2020-12-17 | ||||
Croatia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Cuba | 1997-02-20 | 1957-06-18 | 1995-04-20 | |||||
Cyprus | 1964-02-24 | 1990-12-19 | 1990-12-19 | 1995-07-30 | 2003-11-04 | |||
Czech Republic | 1993-01-01 | 1960-01-06 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1980-04-17 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Denmark | 1903-07-01 | 1962-02-09 | 1979-07-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Djibouti | 2002-05-13 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Dominica | 1999-08-07 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Dominican Republic | 1997-12-24 | 1912-10-31 | 1983-05-08 | 1982-05-08 | 1995-03-09 | 2006-01-10 | 2018-09-05 | |
Observer (as "Timor-Leste") | 2024-08-30[28] | |||||||
Ecuador | 1991-10-09 | 1914-04-27 | 1957-05-03 | 1991-09-06 | 1996-01-21 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | |
Egypt | 1977-06-07 | 1995-06-30 | ||||||
El Salvador | 1994-02-19 | 1979-03-29 | 1979-03-29 | 1995-05-07 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | ||
Equatorial Guinea | 1997-06-26 | Observer | ||||||
Eritrea | ||||||||
Estonia | 1994-10-26 | 1999-11-13 | 2010-03-14 | |||||
1998-12-14 | 1995-01-01 | |||||||
Ethiopia | Observer | 2021-02-02 | ||||||
1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | 2019-01-01 | ||||||
Fiji | 1971-12-01 | 1972-03-13 | 1996-01-14 | |||||
Finland | 1928-04-01 | 1963-04-16 | 1986-11-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
France | 1887-12-05 | 1956-01-14 | 1972-12-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Gabon | 1962-03-26 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Gambia | 1993-03-07 | 1996-10-23 | ||||||
Georgia | 1995-05-16 | 2000-06-14 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Germany | 1887-12-05 | 1955-09-16 | 1974-01-18 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Ghana | 1991-10-11 | 1962-08-22 | 1995-01-01 | 2006-11-18 | 2018-08-11 | |||
Greece | 1920-11-09 | 1963-08-24 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Grenada | 1998-09-22 | 1996-02-22 | ||||||
Guatemala | 1997-07-28 | 1913-03-28 | 1964-10-28 | 1995-07-21 | 2003-02-04 | 2016-09-30 | ||
Guinea | 1980-11-20 | 1981-11-13 | 1981-11-13 | 1995-10-25 | 2002-05-25 | |||
Guinea-Bissau | 1991-07-22 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Guyana | 1994-10-25 | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Haiti | 1996-01-11 | 1919-11-27 | 1955-09-16 | 1996-01-30 | ||||
Honduras | 1990-01-25 | 1914-04-27 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-05-20 | 2017-06-29 | |||
Hong Kong | 1997-07-01 | 1997-09-30 | 1997-09-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2008-10-01[29] | 2022-05-05 | ||
Hungary | 1922-02-14 | 1971-01-23 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||
Iceland | Miðstöð Islenskra Bókmennta | 1947-09-07 | 1956-12-18 | 1995-01-01 | 2022-03-09 | |||
India | 1928-04-01 | 1958-01-21 | 1988-04-07 | 1995-01-01 | 2016-09-30 | |||
Indonesia | 1997-09-05 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2020-04-28 | ||||
Observer | ||||||||
Iraq | Observer | |||||||
Ireland | 1927-10-05 | 1959-01-20 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Israel | 1950-03-24 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-04-21 | Signed | 2016-09-30 | |||
Italy | 1887-12-05 | 1957-01-24 | 1980-01-25 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Jamaica | 1994-01-01 | 1995-05-09 | 2002-06-12 | |||||
Japan | 1899-07-15 | 1955-09-16 | 1977-10-21 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2019-01-01 | ||
2014-01-31[30] | ||||||||
Jordan | 1999-07-28 | 2000-04-11 | 2004-04-27 | 2018-09-26 | ||||
Kazakhstan | 1999-04-12 | 1973-05-27 | Observer | 2004-11-12 | ||||
Kenya | 1993-06-11 | 1966-09-07 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | 2017-09-02 | ||
Kiribati | 2018-01-02[31] | 2021-06-22[32] | 2019-10-31 | |||||
2003-04-28 | 2024-04-30[33] | 2016-09-30 | ||||||
1996-08-21 | 1987-10-01 | 1987-10-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2004-06-24 | 2016-09-30 | |||
Kuwait | 2014-12-02[34] | 1995-01-01 | ||||||
Kyrgyzstan | 1999-07-08 | 1998-12-20 | 2002-03-06 | 2017-08-15 | ||||
2012-03-14[35] | 1955-09-16 | 2013-02-02 | ||||||
Latvia | 1995-08-11 | 1999-02-10 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Lebanon | 1947-09-30 | 1959-10-17 | Observer | |||||
Lesotho | 1989-09-28 | 1995-05-31 | 2018-07-30 | |||||
Liberia | 1989-03-08 | 1956-07-27 | 2017-01-06 | |||||
Libya | 1976-09-28 | Observer | ||||||
Liechtenstein | 1931-07-30 | 1959-01-22 | 1999-11-11 | 1995-09-01 | 2007-04-30 | 2021-12-22 | ||
Lithuania | 1994-12-14 | 2001-05-31 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
Luxembourg | 1888-06-20 | 1955-10-15 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
1999-12-20 | 1995-01-01 | 2013-11-06[36] | ||||||
Madagascar | 1966-01-01 | 1995-11-17 | 2015-2-24[37] | |||||
Malawi | 1991-10-12 | 1965-10-26 | 1995-05-31 | 2017-10-14 | ||||
Malaysia | 1990-10-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2012-12-27[38] | 2022-06-30 | ||||
Maldives | 1995-05-31 | |||||||
Mali | 1962-03-19 | 1995-05-31 | 2002-04-24 | 2016-09-30 | ||||
Malta | 1964-09-21 | 1968-11-19 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | ||||
Marshall Islands | 2019-05-08 | |||||||
Mauritania | 1973-02-06 | 1995-05-31 | ||||||
Mauritius | 1989-05-10 | 1970-11-20 | 1995-01-01 | 2021-04-11 | ||||
Mexico | 1967-06-11 | 1964-04-24 | 1957-05-12 | 1975-10-31 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | |
2003-10-07 | ||||||||
1995-11-02 | 2001-07-26 | 2002-03-06 | 2018-05-19 | |||||
Monaco | 1989-05-30 | 1955-09-16 | 1974-12-13 | Signed | ||||
Mongolia | 1998-03-12 | 1997-01-29 | 2002-10-25 | 2016-09-30 | ||||
Montenegro | 2006-06-03 | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2012-04-29 | 2003-06-13 (as Serbia and Montenegro) | 2022-06-08 | ||
Morocco | 1917-06-16 | 1976-01-28 | 1995-01-01 | 2011-07-20[39] | 2019-08-15 | |||
Mozambique | 2013-11-22[40] | 1995-08-26 | ||||||
Myanmar | 1995-01-01 | |||||||
Namibia | 1990-03-21 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | |||||
Nauru | 2020-05-11[41] | 2020-08-11[42] | ||||||
Nepal | 2006-01-11 | 2004-04-23 | ||||||
Netherlands | 1912-11-01 | 1967-06-22 | 1985-11-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
New Zealand | https://www.iponz.govt.nz/ | 1928-04-24 | 1964-09-11 | 1964-09-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2020-01-04 | ||
Nicaragua | 2000-08-23 | 1913-12-15 | 1961-08-16 | 1995-09-03 | 2003-03-06 | 2020-04-16 | ||
Niger | 1962-05-02 | 1989-05-15 | 1989-05-15 | 1996-12-13 | ||||
Nigeria | 1993-09-14 | 1962-02-14 | 1995-01-01 | 2018-01-04[43] [44] | 2018-01-04 | |||
Niue | 2016-09-24[45] | 2015-01-08[46] | ||||||
1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-02-04 | ||||
Norway | Nasjonal Biblioteket | 1896-04-13 | 1963-01-23 | 1974-08-07 | 1995-01-01 | 2021-11-30 | ||
Oman | 1999-07-14 | 2000-11-09 | 2005-09-20 | |||||
Pakistan | 1948-07-05 | 1955-09-16 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Palau | ||||||||
Panama | 1996-06-08 | 1913-11-25 | 1962-10-17 | 1980-09-03 | 1997-09-06 | 2002-03-06 | 2017-05-10 | |
Papua New Guinea | 1996-06-09 | |||||||
Paraguay | 1992-01-02 | 1917-09-20 | 1962-03-11 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | ||
Peru | 1988-08-20 | 1920-04-30 | 1963-10-16 | 1985-07-22 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2016-09-30 | |
Philippines | Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) | 1951-08-01 | 1955-11-19 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-10-04 | 2019-05-18 | ||
Poland | 1920-01-28 | 1977-03-09 | 1977-03-09 | 1995-07-01 | 2004-03-23 | |||
Portugal | 1911-03-29 | 1956-12-25 | 1981-07-30 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Qatar | 2000-07-05 | 1996-01-13 | 2005-10-28 | 2019-01-24 | ||||
Romania | 1927-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | |||||
1995-03-13 | 1973-05-27 (as the Soviet Union) | 1994-12-09 | 2012-08-22 | 2009-02-05 | 2018-05-08 | |||
Rwanda | 1984-03-01 | 1989-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | 1996-05-22 | 2022-01-25 | |||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1995-04-09 | 1996-02-21 | ||||||
Saint Lucia | 1993-08-24 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2020-09-11 | ||||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1995-08-29 | 1985-04-22 | 1985-04-22 | 1995-01-01 | 2023-07-06[47] | 2016-12-05 | ||
Samoa | 2006-07-21 | 2012-05-10 | ||||||
San Marino | 2020-09-02[48] | 2020-09-02[49] | 2020-09-02 | |||||
2016-06-14[50] | 2020-04-27[51] | 2021-01-15 | ||||||
Saudi Arabia | 2004-03-11 | 1994-07-13 | 1994-07-13 | 2005-12-11 | 2019-02-21 | |||
Senegal | 1962-08-25 | 1974-07-09 | 1974-07-09 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-05-18 | |||
Serbia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | Observer | 2003-06-13 (as Serbia and Montenegro) | 2020-05-24 | ||
Seychelles | 2015-04-26 | |||||||
Sierra Leone | 1995-07-23 | |||||||
Singapore | 1998-12-21 | 1995-01-01 | 2005-04-17 | 2016-09-30 | ||||
Slovakia | 1993-01-01 | 1993-01-01 | 1960-01-06 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1980-04-17 (as Czechoslovakia) | 1995-01-01 | |||
Slovenia | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1930-06-17 (as Yugoslavia) | 1966-05-11 (as Yugoslavia) | 1974-07-10 (as Yugoslavia) | 1995-07-30 | |||
Solomon Islands | 2019-07-04[52] | 1996-07-26 | ||||||
Somalia | Observer | |||||||
South Africa | 1928-10-03 | 1928-10-03 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Observer | ||||||||
Spain | 1887-12-05 | 1887-12-05 | 1955-01-27 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | |||
Sri Lanka | 1959-07-20 | 1984-01-25 | 1959-07-20 | 1984-01-25 | 1984-01-25 | 2017-01-05 | ||
Sudan | 2000-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | ||||||
Suriname | 1977-02-23 | 1977-02-23 | ||||||
Sweden | 1904-08-01 | 1961-07-01 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | |||
Switzerland | 1887-12-05 | 1956-03-30 | 1993-09-21 | 1995-07-01 | 2008-07-01 | 2020-05-11 | ||
2004-06-11 | ||||||||
2002-01-01 (as "Chinese Taipei") | ||||||||
Tajikistan | 2000-03-09 | 2013-03-02 | 2009-04-05 | 2019-05-27 | ||||
1994-07-25 | 1995-01-01 | 2020-07-08 | ||||||
Thailand | 1931-07-17 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-10-13[53] | 2019-04-28 | ||||
Togo | 1975-04-30 | 1995-05-31 | 2003-05-21 | |||||
Tonga | 2001-06-14 | 2007-07-27 | ||||||
Trinidad and Tobago | 1988-08-16 | 1988-08-19 | 1988-08-19 | 1995-03-01 | 2008-11-28 | 2020-01-04 | ||
Tunisia | 1887-12-05 | 1969-06-19 | 1975-06-10 | 1995-03-29 | 2023-06-16[54] | 2016-12-07 | ||
Turkey | 1952-01-01 | 1995-03-26 | 2008-11-28 | |||||
Turkmenistan | 2016-05-29[55] [56] | 2021-01-15 | ||||||
Tuvalu | 2017-6-2[57] | 2014-06-04[58] | ||||||
Uganda | 2022-04-28[59] | 1995-01-01 | 2022-04-28[60] | 2018-07-23 | ||||
Ukraine | 1995-10-25 | 1994-01-17[61] | 2008-05-16 | 2002-03-06 | ||||
United Arab Emirates | 2004-07-14 | 1996-04-10 | 2004-07-14 | 2016-09-30 | ||||
United Kingdom | Intellectual Property Office | 1887-12-05 | 1957-09-27 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2010-03-14 | 2021-01-01 | |
United States | United States Copyright Office | 1989-03-01 | 1911-08-01[62] | 1955-09-16 | 1974-07-10 | 1995-01-01 | 2002-03-06 | 2019-05-08 |
Uruguay | 1967-07-10 | 1919-05-11 | 1993-04-12 | 1993-04-12 | 1995-01-01 | 2009-06-05 | 2016-09-30 | |
Uzbekistan | 2005-04-19 | Observer | 2019-07-17[63] | 2022-06-07 | ||||
Vanuatu | 2012-12-27[64] | 2012-08-24 | 2020-08-06[65] | 2020-08-06 | ||||
1935-09-12 | 1955-10-05 | 1980-05-06 | Observer | |||||
1982-12-30 | 1966-09-30 | 1996-04-11 | 1995-01-01 | Signed | 2020-01-02 | |||
2004-10-26 | 2007-01-11 | 2022-02-17[66] | ||||||
Yemen | 2008-07-14 | 2014-06-26 | ||||||
Zambia | 1992-01-02 | 1965-06-01 | 1995-01-01 | |||||
Zimbabwe | 1980-04-18 | 1995-03-05 | 2019-12-12 | |||||