List of parrots explained
Parrots, also known as psittacines, are the 402 species of birds that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions, of which 387 are extant. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea ("true" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots). Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.
The Cacatuoidea are quite distinct, having a movable head crest, a different arrangement of the carotid arteries, a gall bladder, differences in the skull bones, and lack the Dyck texture feathers that—in the Psittacoidea—scatter light to produce the vibrant colours of so many parrots. Lorikeets were previously regarded as a family, Loriidae, but are now considered a tribe (Loriini) within the subfamily Loriinae, family Psittaculidae. Some species, such as the Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata) have had a population bottleneck (in this case reduced to 13 individuals in 1975) and subsequently have low genetic variability and low reproductive success, leading to complications with conservation.
No consensus existed regarding the taxonomy of Psittaciformes until recently. The placement of the Strigopoidea species has been variable in the past. They were once considered part of the Psittacoidea, but recent 21st-century studies place this group of New Zealand species as their own superfamily next to the Cacatuoidea and remaining members of the Psittacoidea. Many studies have confirmed the unique placement of this group at the base of the parrot tree. Most authors now recognize this group as a separate taxon containing two families: Nestoridae and Strigopidae. Conversely, the relationships among various cockatoo genera are largely resolved.
Conventions
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bird's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species listed went extinct after 1500 CE (recently extinct), and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".
Classification
The order Psittaciformes consists of 387 extant species belonging to 87 genera. The following classification is based on the most recent proposals as of 2012.
Superfamily Psittacoidea: true parrots
Superfamily Cacatuoidea: cockatoos
Superfamily Strigopoidea: New Zealand parrots
- Family Nestoridae: two genera with two living (kea and New Zealand kaka) and several extinct species of the New Zealand region
- Family Strigopidae: the flightless, critically endangered kākāpō of New Zealand
True parrots
Family Psittacidae
Subfamily Psittacinae
See main article: article and Psittacinae.
Genus Poicephalus Swainson, 1837 – ten species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Senegal parrot | P. senegalus
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | West Africa (excluding the Maghreb) | |
|---|
| Red-bellied parrot | P. rufiventris
(Rüppell, 1842) | | Eastern Horn of Africa, eastern Kenya, and northeast Tanzania | |
|---|
| Rüppell's parrot | P. rueppellii
(G. R. Gray, 1849) | | Northern Namibia and the coast of Angola | |
|---|
| Brown-necked parrot | P. fuscicollis
(Kuhl, 1820) | | From Gambia and southern Senegal to Ghana and Togo | |
|---|
| Cape parrot | P. robustus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | | |
|---|
| Meyer's parrot | P. meyeri
(Cretzschmar, 1827) | | | |
|---|
| Red-fronted parrot | P. gulielmi
(Jardine, 1849) | | | |
|---|
| Yellow-fronted parrot | P. flavifrons
(Rüppell, 1842) | | Western Ethiopia | |
|---|
| Brown-headed parrot | P. cryptoxanthus
(Peters, 1854) | | Southeast African coast | |
|---|
| Niam-Niam parrot | P. crassus
(Sharpe, 1884) | | Central Central African Republic | | |
|---|
| |
Subfamily Arinae (neotropical parrots)
See main article: article and Arinae. Tribe Arini
See main article: article and Arini (tribe).
Genus Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856 – 28 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Ochre-marked parakeet | P. cruentata
(Wied-Neuwied, 1820) | | Scattered populations around the southeastern coast of Brazil (north of São Paulo) | |
|---|
| Maroon-bellied parakeet | P. frontalis
(Vieillot, 1818) | | Southwest Brazil, northern Uruguay, and southern Paraguay | |
|---|
| Blaze-winged parakeet | P. devillei
(Massena and de Souancé, 1854) | | Northern Paraguay and Southwest Brazil along the Brazil/(northern) Paraguay border | |
|---|
| Crimson-bellied parakeet | P. perlata
(Spix, 1824) | | Central Brazil and along the Brazil/Bolivia border | |
|---|
| Pearly parakeet | P. lepida
(Wagler, 1832) | | Northeast Brazil south of the Amazon River | |
|---|
| Green-cheeked parakeet | P. molinae
(Massena and de Souancé, 1854) | | | |
|---|
| Painted parakeet | P. picta
(Müller, 1776) | | Northeast South America, north of the Amazon river and east of the Venezuela/Colombia border | |
|---|
| Sinú parakeet | P. subandina
(Todd, 1917) | | Sinú Valley in northern Colombia near (but not bordering) the Gulf of Darien | |
|---|
| Azuero parakeet | P. eisenmanni
Delgado, 1985 | | Southwest Azuero Peninsula | |
|---|
| Venezuelan parakeet | P. emma
Salvadori, 1891 | | Northern coast of Venezuela | |
|---|
| Santarem parakeet | P. amazonum
Hellmayr, 1906 | | Central and southeast Amazon in Brazil | |
|---|
| Madeira parakeet | P. snethlageae
Joseph and Bates, 2002 | | Eastern Brazil, west of the Brazil/Bolivia border, south of the Madeira river, and north of the Araguaia river | |
|---|
| Bonaparte's parakeet | P. lucianii
(Deville, 1851) | | Northwest Amazon rainforest in Brazil | |
|---|
| Rose-fronted parakeet | P. roseifrons
(Gray, 1859) | | Along the Peru/Brazil border and Peru/Bolivia border | |
|---|
| Wavy-breasted parakeet | P. peruviana
Hocking, Blake, and Joseph, 2002 | | Along the Marañón river in northern Peru and Ecuador | |
|---|
| White-eared parakeet | P. leucotis
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Southeast Brazilian coast, north of Rio de Janeiro and south of Salvador de Bahia | |
|---|
| Grey-breasted parakeet | P. griseipectus
Salvadori, 1900 | | Scattered populations in northern Ceará, a state in Brazil | |
|---|
| Pfrimer's parakeet | P. pfrimeri
de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 | | Dry forest near the Serra Geral | |
|---|
| Fiery-shouldered parakeet | P. egregia
(Sclater, 1881) | | Venezuela west of the Rio Caroni, and Guyana east of the Mazaruni River | |
|---|
| Santa Marta parakeet | P. viridicata
Todd, 1913 | | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
|---|
| Maroon-tailed parakeet | P. melanura
(Spix, 1824) | | Northwest South America, east of the Andes Mountains | |
|---|
| El Oro parakeet | P. orcesi
Ridgely & Robbins, 1988 | | El Oro Province in Ecuador | |
|---|
| Black-capped parakeet | P. rupicola
(Tschudi, 1844) | | Around the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia border within the State of Acre and west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| White-breasted parakeet | P. albipectus
Chapman, 1914 | | Zamora-Chinchipe Province | |
|---|
| Flame-winged parakeet | P. calliptera
(Massena and de Souancé, 1854) | | Andes mountains in Colombia | |
|---|
| Blood-eared parakeet | P. hoematotis
de Souancé, 1857 | | Northern coast of Venezuela | |
|---|
| Rose-crowned parakeet | P. rhodocephala
(Sclater and Salvin, 1871) | | Andes mountains in Venezuela, near Lake Maracaibo | |
|---|
| Sulphur-winged parakeet | P. hoffmanni
(Cabanis, 1861) | | Continental Divide running through Costa Rica and Panama | | |
|---|
| |
| Genus Cyanopsitta Bonaparte, 1854 – one species | |
Genus Aratinga von Spix, 1824 – six species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Golden-capped parakeet | A. auricapillus
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Scattered populations in southeast Brazil, north of São Paulo | |
|---|
| Jandaya parakeet | A. jandaya
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Eastern Brazil | |
|---|
| Sulphur-breasted parakeet | A. maculata
(Müller, 1776) | | Scattered populations in Pará and Amapá (states in Brazil) | |
|---|
| Nanday parakeet | A. nenday
(Vieillot, 1823) | | Central Paraguay, spilling over to the southeastern Bolivia/Brazil border | |
|---|
| Sun parakeet | A. solstitialis
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Northwest Roraima (a state in Brazil), and along the Brazil/Venezuela/Guyana border | |
|---|
| Dusky-headed parakeet | A. weddellii
(Deville, 1851) | | Eastern South America, east of the Andes, south of the Colombia/Peru border, and north of central Bolivia | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Eupsittula Bonaparte, 1853 – six species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Aztec parakeet | E. astec
(de Souancé, 1857) | | Middle America along the Caribbean Sea | |
|---|
| Peach-fronted parakeet | E. aurea
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Brazil (excluding northwest Brazil), eastern Bolivia, and central Paraguay | |
|---|
| Caatinga parakeet | E. cactorum
(Kuhl, 1820) | | The Caatinga region in Brazil | |
|---|
| Orange-fronted parakeet | E. canicularis
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Middle America bordering the Pacific Ocean (excluding the Gulf of California), and introduced to Puerto Rico | |
|---|
| Jamaican parakeet | E. nana
(Vigors, 1830) | | Jamaica | |
|---|
| Brown-throated parakeet | E. pertinax
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Northern South America and Panama, introduced to the British Virgin Islands and Dominica | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Psittacara Vigors, 1837 – 12 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Blue-crowned parakeet | P. acuticaudatus
(Vieillot, 1818) | | Northern Venezuela, southwest Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina (west of the Andes and excluding the coast), and the Caatinga | |
|---|
| Socorro parakeet | P. brevipes
(Lawrence, 1871) | | Socorro Island | |
|---|
| Hispaniolan parakeet | P. chloropterus
de Souancé, 1856 | | Scattered areas in Hispaniola | |
|---|
| Red-masked parakeet | P. erythrogenys
Lesson, 1844 | | Ecuador and northern Peru, west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Cuban parakeet | P. euops
(Wagler, 1832) | | Scattered areas in Cuba | |
|---|
| Finsch's parakeet | P. finschi
(Salvin, 1871) | | Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and western Panama (along the Pacific Ocean) | |
|---|
| Cordilleran parakeet | P. frontatus
(Cabanis, 1846) | | Peru west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Green parakeet | P. holochlorus
(Sclater, 1859) | | Mexico east of the Sierra Madre Oriental and west of the Sierra Madre Occidental, and Honduras and Guatemala bordering the Pacific Ocean | |
|---|
| Guadeloupe parakeet | †P. labati
(Rothschild, 1905) | | Formerly Guadeloupe until the mid-18th century | |
|---|
| White-eyed parakeet | P. leucophthalmus
(Müller, 1776) | | Central South America and the northeast coast | |
|---|
| Puerto Rican parakeet | †P. maugei
Souancé, 1856 | | Formerly Puerto Rico until the mid-19th century | |
|---|
| Mitred parakeet | P. mitratus
(von Tschudi, 1844) | | Andes mountains in Bolivia, southern Peru, and northern Argentina | |
|---|
| Red-throated parakeet | P. rubritorquis
(Sclater, 1887) | | Honduras, southern Guatemala, and northern Nicaragua, excluding the coasts | |
|---|
| Pacific parakeet | P. strenuus
(Ridgway, 1915) | | western Nicaragua | A green parrot |
|---|
| Scarlet-fronted parakeet | P. wagleri
(Gray, 1845) | | Andes mountains in Colombia and Venezuela | | |
|---|
| |
Tribe Forpini
Genus Forpus Bonaparte, 1857 – eight species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Pacific parrotlet | F. coelestis
(Lesson, 1847) | | Ecuador and northern Peru, west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Spectacled parrotlet | F. conspicillatus
(de Lafresnaye, 1848) | | Northern Colombia and eastern Panama | |
|---|
| Mexican parrotlet | F. cyanopygius
(de Souancé, 1856) | | Sierra Madre Occidental | |
|---|
| Dusky-billed parrotlet | F. modestus
(Cabanis, 1849) | | Northern Bolivia, northern and eastern Peru, southern Colombia, western Brazil, and the mouth of the Amazon river | |
|---|
| Green-rumped parrotlet | F. passerinus
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Northern Atlantic coast of South America, and introduced to Barbados and Jamaica | |
|---|
| Turquoise-winged parrotlet | Forpus spengeli
(Hartlaub, 1885) | | Pacific coast of Colombia | |
|---|
| Yellow-faced parrotlet | F. xanthops
(Salvin, 1895) | | Marañón Valley, Peru | |
|---|
| Cobalt-rumped parrotlet | F. xanthopterygius
(von Spix, 1824) | | Eastern Brazil, central Bolivia, and Peru east of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Riparian parrotlet | F. crassirostris
(Taczanowski, 1883) | | Southeastern Colombia to western Brazil and northern Peru | | |
|---|
| |
Tribe Amoropsittacini
Genus Nannopsittaca Ridgway, 1912 – two species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Manu parrotlet | N. dachilleae
O'Neill, Munn, and Franke, 1991 | | Southern Peru, north of the Andes mountains, along the Peru/Bolivia border | |
|---|
| Tepui parrotlet | N. panychlora
(Salvin and Godman, 1883) | | Scattered in southern Venezuela |
on top | |
|---|
| |
Genus Touit Gray, 1855 – eight species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Lilac-tailed parrotlet | T. batavicus
(Boddaert, 1783) | | Northern Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana | |
|---|
| Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet | T. huetii
(Temminck, 1830) | | Andes mountains in Peru and Ecuador, western Venezuela, northern Guyana, and north central Brazil | |
|---|
| Red-fronted parrotlet | T. costaricensis
(Cory, 1913) | | Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama | |
|---|
| Blue-fronted parrotlet | T. dilectissimus
(Sclater and Salvin, 1871) | | Ecuador and Colombia west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Brown-backed parrotlet | T. melanonotus
(Wied-Neuwied, 1820) | | Southeast coast of Brazil | |
|---|
| Sapphire-rumped parrotlet | T. purpuratus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Northeast South America, stretching to the Peru/Colombia/Ecuador border | |
|---|
| Spot-winged parrotlet | T. stictopterus
(Sclater, 1862) | | Andes mountains in Ecuador | |
|---|
| Golden-tailed parrotlet | T. surdus
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Coast of Brazil, excluding the northeast coast | | |
|---|
| |
Tribe Androglossini
See main article: article and Androglossini.
Genus Pyrilia Bonaparte, 1856 – seven species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Bald parrot | P. aurantiocephala
(Gaban-Lima, Raposo, and Hofling, 2002) | | Lower Madeira and Upper Tapajós rivers | |
|---|
| Orange-cheeked parrot | P. barrabandi
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Northwest South America east of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Caica parrot | P. caica
(Latham, 1790) | | Roraima, Pará, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and eastern Venezuela | |
|---|
| Brown-hooded parrot | P. haematotis
(Sclater and Salvin, 1860) | | Central America, excluding the mountain ranges | |
|---|
| Rose-faced parrot | P. pulchra
(von Berlepsch, 1897) | | Ecuador and Colombia west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Saffron-headed parrot | P. pyrilia
(Bonaparte, 1853) | | Andes mountains in Colombia and western Venezuela | |
|---|
| Vulturine parrot | P. vulturina
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Pará south of the Amazon river | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Pionus Wagler, 1832 – 8 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Bronze-winged parrot | P. chalcopterus
(Fraser, 1841) | | Andes mountains in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela | |
|---|
| Dusky parrot | P. fuscus
(Müller, 1776) | | Northeast South America and along the Colombia/Venezuela border west of Lake Maracaibo | |
|---|
| Scaly-headed parrot | P. maximiliani
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Paraguay, southern Brazil, and east and central Bolivia | |
|---|
| Blue-headed parrot | P. menstruus
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | Northern and central South America, excluding the Andes | |
|---|
| White-crowned parrot | P. senilis
(von Spix, 1824) | | Central America bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Sierra Madre Oriental | |
|---|
| White-capped parrot | P. seniloides
(Massena and de Souancé, 1854) | | Andes mountains in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru | |
|---|
| Red-billed parrot | P. sordidus
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Andes mountains in Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, northern Peru, and southern Colombia | |
|---|
| Speckle-faced parrot | P. tumultuosus
(von Tschudi, 1844) | | Andes mountains in southern Peru and northern Bolivia | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Amazona (Amazon parrots) Lesson, 1830 – 35 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Turquoise-fronted amazon | A. aestiva
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Paraguay, western Bolivia, northern Argentina, southern Brazil | |
|---|
| Black-billed amazon | A. agilis
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Central Jamaica | |
|---|
| White-fronted amazon | A. albifrons
(Sparrman, 1788) | | Northwest Costa Rica, western Nicaragua, western Honduras, Western Mexico, and the Yucatán Peninsula | |
|---|
| Orange-winged amazon | A. amazonica
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | Northern South America and the southeast coast of Brazil | |
|---|
| Red-necked amazon | A. arausiaca
(Müller, 1776) | | Central Dominica | |
|---|
| Yellow-naped amazon | A. auropalliata
(Lesson, 1842) | | Pacific coast of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, northern Costa Rica, and southern Mexico | |
|---|
| Red-lored amazon | A. autumnalis
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Central America, northern Colombia, and the Sierra Madre Oriental | |
|---|
| Yellow-shouldered amazon | A. barbadensis
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Margarita Island, Blanquilla Island, Curaçao, Bonaire, and northern Venezuela | |
|---|
| Red-tailed amazon | A. brasiliensis
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Southern coast of São Paulo | |
|---|
| Yellow-billed amazon | A. collaria
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Jamaica | |
|---|
| Diademed amazon | A. diadema
(von Spix, 1824) | | Northeast Amazonas | |
|---|
| Blue-cheeked amazon | A. dufresniana
(Shaw, 1812) | | Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, and east Venezuela | |
|---|
| Festive amazon | A. festiva
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Along the Amazon river | |
|---|
| Lilac-crowned amazon | A. finschi
(Sclater, 1864) | | Pacific coast of Mexico | |
|---|
| Mealy amazon | A. farinosa
(Boddaert, 1783) | | Central and South America | |
|---|
| Saint Vincent amazon | A. guildingii
(Vigors, 1837) | | Northeast St Vincent and the Grenadines | |
|---|
| Imperial amazon | A. imperialis
Richmond, 1899 | | Dominica | |
|---|
| Kawall's amazon | A. kawalli
Grantsau and Camargo, 1989 | | Southern Amazonas and eastern Pará | |
|---|
| Cuban amazon | A. leucocephala
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Cuba, the Isle of Pines, Abaco Islands, Great Inagua, and the Cayman Islands | |
|---|
| Lilacine amazon | A. lilacina
(Lesson, 1844) | | Ecuador west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Martinique amazon | †A. martinicana
Clark, 1905 | | Formerly Martinique until 1779 | |
|---|
| Scaly-naped amazon | A. mercenarius
(von Tschudi, 1844) | | Andes mountains in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Bolivia | |
|---|
| Yellow-crowned amazon | A. ochrocephala
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Northern South America, east of the Andes | |
|---|
| Yellow-headed amazon | A. oratrix
Ridgway, 1887 | | Scattered coastal areas of southern Mexico | |
|---|
| Red-spectacled amazon | A. pretrei
(Temminck, 1830) | | Scattered populations in central Rio Grande do Sul | |
|---|
| Red-browed amazon | A. rhodocorytha
(Salvadori, 1890) | | Scattered populations along the southeast coastline of Brazil | |
|---|
| Tucumán amazon | A. tucumana
(Cabanis, 1885) | | Andes mountains in northern Argentina and southern Bolivia | |
|---|
| Hispaniolan amazon | A. ventralis
(Müller, 1776) | | Hispaniola, Grande Cayemite, Gonâve, Beata, and Saona Island, and introduced to Puerto Rico, St Croix, and St. Thomas Island | |
|---|
| Saint Lucia amazon | A. versicolor
(Müller, 1776) | | St Lucia | |
|---|
| Vinaceous-breasted amazon | A. vinacea
(Kuhl, 1820) | | | |
|---|
| Guadeloupe amazon | †A. violacea
(Gmelin, 1789) | | Formerly Guadeloupe until 1779 | |
|---|
| Red-crowned amazon | A. viridigenalis
(Cassin, 1853) | | Sierra Madre Occidental | |
|---|
| Puerto Rican amazon | A. vittata
(Boddaert, 1783) | |
Former range left, current range right | |
|---|
| Yucatán amazon | A. xantholora
(Gray, 1859) | | Yucatán Peninsula | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Brotogeris Vigors, 1825 – eight species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Yellow-chevroned parakeet | B. chiriri
(Vieillot, 1818) | | Southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia and Paraguay, and introduced to California around Los Angeles and San Francisco, and southern Florida | |
|---|
| Golden-winged parakeet | B. chrysoptera
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, eastern Venezuela, and northeast Brazil | |
|---|
| Cobalt-winged parakeet | B. cyanoptera
(Pelzeln, 1870) | | Northwest South America, east of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Orange-chinned parakeet | B. jugularis
(Müller, 1776) | | Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, southern El Salvador and Guatemala, northern Colombia, and northwest Venezuela | |
|---|
| Grey-cheeked parakeet | B. pyrrhoptera
(Latham, 1801) | | Ecuador, west of the Andes mountains | |
|---|
| Tui parakeet | B. sanctithomae
(Müller, 1776) | | Northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, and along the Amazon river in Brazil | |
|---|
| Plain parakeet | B. tirica
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Southern coast of Brazil | |
|---|
| White-winged parakeet | B. versicolurus
(Müller, 1776) | | Along the Amazon river, and introduced to California around Los Angeles and San Francisco | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Myiopsitta Bonaparte, 1854 – two species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Cliff parakeet | M. luchsi
(Finsch, 1868) | | Andes mountains in Bolivia | |
|---|
| Monk parakeet | M. monachus
(Boddaert, 1783) | | Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern Argentina, introduced to Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Japan, Virgin Islands, the southern and eastern United States, and western Europe | | |
|---|
| |
Family Psittaculidae
Subfamily Platycercinae
See main article: article and Platycercinae. Tribe Platycercini (broad-tailed parrots)
See main article: article and Platycercini.
Genus Cyanoramphus Bonaparte, 1854 – seven species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Yellow-crowned parakeet | C. auriceps
(Kuhl, 1820) | | New Zealand, Stewart Island, and Auckland Island | |
|---|
| Malherbe's parakeet | C. malherbi
de Souancé, 1857 | | South Island (of New Zealand) | |
|---|
| Red-crowned parakeet | C. novaezelandiae
(Sparrman, 1787) | | New Zealand and several nearby islands, New Caledonia, and Norfolk Island | |
|---|
| Society parakeet | †C. ulietanus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Formerly Raiatea, an island of the Society Islands in French Polynesia until 1777 | |
|---|
| Antipodes parakeet | C. unicolor
(Lear, 1831) | | Antipodes Islands of New Zealand | |
|---|
| Black-fronted parakeet | †C. zealandicus
(Latham, 1790) | | Formerly Tahiti and French Polynesia until 1844 | | |
|---|
| |
Tribe Pezoporini
Bonaparte, 1837
See main article: article and Pezoporini.
Genus Neophema Salvadori 1891 – six species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Blue-winged parrot | N. chrysostoma
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Western New South Wales, eastern Southern Australia, and a resident population in Tasmania and the southern coast of New South Wales | |
|---|
| Elegant parrot | N. elegans
(Gould, 1837) | | | |
|---|
| Rock parrot | N. petrophila
(Gould, 1841) | | Spencer Gulf, Peron Peninsula, and the southwest coast of Western Australia | |
|---|
| Orange-bellied parrot | N. chrysogaster
(Latham, 1790) | | Melaleuca, Tasmania and they spend winter in the southern coast of Victoria | |
|---|
| Turquoise parrot | N. pulchella
(Shaw, 1792) | | | |
|---|
| Scarlet-chested parrot | N. splendida
(Gould, 1841) | | Large patches in the southern half of Australia | | |
|---|
| |
Subfamily Psittacellinae
See main article: article and Psittacellinae.
Subfamily Loriinae
See main article: article and Loriinae.
Tribe Loriini
Selby, 1836
Genus Trichoglossus Stephens 1826 – ten species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Rainbow lorikeet | T. moluccanus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Eastern Australian coast, introduced to Perth | |
|---|
| Sunset lorikeet | T. forsteni
Bonaparte, 1850 | | Islands of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Tanahjampea, and Kalaotoa | |
|---|
| Leaf lorikeet | T. weberi
(Büttikofer, 1894) | | Flores | |
|---|
| Marigold lorikeet | T. capistratus
(Bechstein, 1811) | | Timor | |
|---|
| Coconut lorikeet | T. haematodus
(Linnaeus, 1771) | | Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia | |
|---|
| Biak lorikeet | T. rosenbergii
Schlegel, 1871 | | Biak, and island of the Schouten Islands | |
|---|
| Red-collared lorikeet | T. rubritorquis
Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 | | Northern Australia, excluding Cape York Peninsula | |
|---|
| Olive-headed lorikeet | T. euteles
(Temminck, 1835) | | East Nusa Tenggara and Timor | |
|---|
| Pohnpei lorikeet | T. rubiginosus
(Bonaparte, 1850) | | Pohnpei, and island of Micronesia | |
|---|
| Scaly-breasted lorikeet | T. chlorolepidotus
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Eastern Australia | | |
|---|
| |
| Genus Saudareos Joseph et al., 2020 – 5 species | |
Genus Lorius Vigors 1825 – six species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Chattering lory | L. garrulus
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | North Maluku | |
|---|
| Purple-naped lory | L. domicella
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Seram, Ambon, and possibly Haruku and Saparua of South Maluku | |
|---|
| Black-capped lory | L. lory
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | New Guinea, excluding the New Guinea Highlands | |
|---|
| Purple-bellied lory | L. hypoinochrous
Gray, 1859 | | New Britain, New Ireland, and the eastern coastline of the Papuan Peninsula | |
|---|
| White-naped lory | L. albidinucha
(Rothschild and Hartert, 1924) | | New Ireland | |
|---|
| Yellow-bibbed lory | L. chlorocercus
Gould, 1856 | | Southern Solomon Islands | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Vini Lesson, 1833 – 11 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Blue-crowned lorikeet | V. australis
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Various islands east of Fiji, including Samoa, and formerly Tonga and Wallis and Futuna | |
|---|
| Kuhl's lorikeet | V. kuhlii
(Vigors, 1824) | | Washington Island, Fanning Island, and Christmas Island of Kiribati, and Rimatara of French Polynesia | |
|---|
| Stephen's lorikeet | V. stepheni
(North, 1908) | | Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands (UK) | |
|---|
| Blue lorikeet | V. peruviana
(Müller, 1776) | | Eastern French Polynesia, and formerly central French Polynesia | |
|---|
| Ultramarine lorikeet | V. ultramarina
(Kuhl, 1820) | | Marquesas Islands | |
|---|
| Collared lory | V. solitaria
(Suckow, 1800) | | Fiji | |
|---|
| Meek's lorikeet | V. meeki
(Rothschild and Hartert, 1901) | | Bougainville Island and six islands of the Solomon Islands | |
|---|
| Red-chinned lorikeet | V. rubrigularis
(Sclater, 1881) | | New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover Island, and Karkar Island | |
|---|
| New Caledonian lorikeet | V. diadema
(Verreaux and des Murs, 1860) | | Last official sighting in 1913 in New Caledonia | |
|---|
| Red-throated lorikeet | V. amabilis
(Ramsay, 1875) | | Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni and Ovalau (islands of Fiji) | |
|---|
| Palm lorikeet | V. palmarum
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Santa Cruz and Vanuatu | | |
|---|
| |
| Genus Synorhacma Joseph et al., 2020 – one species | |
Tribe Melopsittacini
Tribe Cyclopsittini (fig parrots)
See main article: article and Cyclopsittini.
Subfamily Agapornithinae
See main article: article and Agapornithinae.
Genus Agapornis (lovebirds) Selby, 1836 – nine species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Rosy-faced lovebird | A. roseicollis
(Vieillot, 1818) | | | |
|---|
| Yellow-collared lovebird | A. personatus | | | |
|---|
| Fischer's lovebird | A. fischeri
Reichenow, 1887 | | | |
|---|
| Lilian's lovebird | A. lilianae
Shelley, 1894 | | | |
|---|
| Black-cheeked lovebird | A. nigrigenis
Sclater, 1906 | | | |
|---|
| Gray-headed lovebird | A. canus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Coast of Madagascar and formerly Comoros |
Female left, male right |
|---|
| Black-winged lovebird | A. taranta
(Smith-Stanley, 1814) | | Ethiopia and central Eritrea | |
|---|
| Red-headed lovebird | A. pullarius
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Sub-Saharan Africa north of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and around the Gulf of Guinea | |
|---|
| Black-collared lovebird | A. swindernianus
(Kuhl, 1820) | | | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Loriculus (hanging parrots) Blyth, 1849 – 15 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Moluccan hanging parrot | L. amabilis
Wallace, 1862 | | North Maluku | |
|---|
| Orange-fronted hanging parrot | L. aurantiifrons
Schlegel, 1871 | | New Guinea, excluding the New Guinea Highlands | |
|---|
| Sri Lanka hanging parrot | L. beryllinus
(Pennant, 1781) | | Southern Sri Lanka | |
|---|
| Sangihe hanging parrot | L. catamene
Schlegel, 1871 | | Sangihe Islands | |
|---|
| Pygmy hanging parrot | L. exilis
Schlegel, 1866 | | Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Wallace's hanging parrot | L. flosculus
Wallace, 1864 | | Flores | |
|---|
| Blue-crowned hanging parrot | L. galgulus
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula | |
|---|
| Sula hanging parrot | L. sclateri
Wallace, 1863 | | Taliabu, Peleng, and smaller, nearby islands | |
|---|
| Great hanging parrot | L. stigmatus
(Müller, 1843) | | Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Bismarck hanging parrot | L. tener
Sclater, 1877 | | New Britain, New Ireland, and New Hanover | |
|---|
| Philippine hanging parrot | L. philippensis
(Müller, 1776) | | The Philippines | |
|---|
| Black-billed hanging parrot | L. bonapartei
Souancé, 1856 | | Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines | |
|---|
| Camiguin hanging parrot | L. camiguinensis
Tello, Degner, Bates & Willard, 2006 | | Camiguin of the Philippines | |
|---|
| Yellow-throated hanging parrot | L. pusillus
Gray, 1859 | | Java and Bali | |
|---|
| Vernal hanging parrot | L. vernalis
(Sparrman, 1787) | | Indochina (excluding the Malay Peninsula), and the Eastern and Western Ghats | | |
|---|
| |
Subfamily Psittaculinae
See main article: article and Psittaculinae. Tribe Polytelini
See main article: article.
Tribe Psittaculini
See main article: article and Psittaculini.
Genus Prioniturus (racket-tails) Wagler, 1842 – nine species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Montane racket-tail | P. montanus
Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 | | Luzon | |
|---|
| Mindanao racket-tail | P. waterstradti
Rothschild, 1904 | | Mindanao, an island of the Philippines | |
|---|
| Blue-headed racket-tail | P. platenae
Blasius, 1888 | | Palawan, an island chain of the Philippines | |
|---|
| Green racket-tail | P. luconensis
Steere, 1890 | | Luzon and Marinduque | |
|---|
| Blue-crowned racket-tail | P. discurus
(Vieillot, 1822) | | Central and southern Philippines | |
|---|
| Mindoro racket-tail | P. mindorensis
Steere, 1890 | | Mindoro, an island of the Philippines | |
|---|
| Blue-winged racket-tail | P. verticalis
Sharpe, 1893 | | Sulu Archipelago | |
|---|
| Yellow-breasted racket-tail | P. flavicans
Cassin, 1853 | | Northern Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Golden-mantled racket-tail | P. platurus
(Vieillot, 1818) | | Sulawesi and the Sula Islands | |
|---|
| Buru racket-tail | P. mada
Hartert, 1900 | | | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Geoffroyus Bonaparte, 1850 – four species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Red-cheeked parrot | G. geoffroyi
(Bechstein, 1811) | | New Guinea (excluding the New Guinea Highlands), Maluku, North Maluku, Buru Island, Aru Islands, Timor, and the Lesser Sunda Islands | |
|---|
| Blue-collared parrot | G. simplex
(Meyer, 1874) | | New Guinea Highlands and West Papua | |
|---|
| Song parrot | G. heteroclitus
(Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841) | | New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, and the Solomon Islands | |
|---|
| Rennell parrot | G. hyacinthinus
(Mayr, 1931) | | Rennell Island, an island of the Solomon Islands | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Tanygnathus Wagler, 1832 – four species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Great-billed parrot | T. megalorynchos
(Boddaert, 1783) | | North Maluku, Maluku, Buru Island, Tanimbar Islands, East Nusa Tenggara, and Sumba | |
|---|
| Blue-naped parrot | T. lucionensis
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | The Philippines | |
|---|
| Blue-backed parrot | T. sumatranus
(Raffles, 1822) | | The Philippines, Sulawesi, and Taliabu | |
|---|
| Black-lored parrot | T. gramineus
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Buru Island | | |
|---|
| |
Genus Psittacula Cuvier, 1800 – fifteen species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Newton's parakeet | †P. exsul
(Newton, 1872) | | Formerly Rodrigues, an island of Mauritius until 1875 | |
|---|
| Echo parakeet | P. eques
(Boddaert, 1783) | | Southwest corner of Mauritius and formerly Réunion | |
|---|
| Rose-ringed parakeet | P. krameri
(Scopoli, 1769) | | | |
|---|
| Alexandrine parakeet | P. eupatria
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | Eastern India, Western Ghats, the Himalayas, Indochina, and introduced to Bahrain and southwest Iran | |
|---|
| Seychelles parakeet | †P. wardi
(Newton, 1867) | | Formerly Mahé, Praslin, and Silhouette Island until 1883 | |
|---|
| Plum-headed parakeet | P. cyanocephala
(Linnaeus, 1766) | | India, Sri Lanka, and the Himalayas | |
|---|
| Blossom-headed parakeet | P. roseata
Biswas, 1951 | | Indochina (excluding Malaysia) and the eastern Himalayas | |
|---|
| Slaty-headed parakeet | P. himalayana
(Lesson, 1831) | | the Himalayas | |
|---|
| Gray-headed parakeet | P. finschii
(Hume, 1874) | | Indochina, excluding Thailand and Malaysia | |
|---|
| Blue-winged parakeet | P. columboides
(Vigors, 1830) | | Western Ghats | |
|---|
| Layard's parakeet | P. calthrapae
(Blyth, 1849) | | Southern Sri Lanka | |
|---|
| Lord Derby's parakeet | P. derbiana
(Fraser, 1852) | | Southern China near the China/India and China/Myanmar border | |
|---|
| Red-breasted parakeet | P. alexandri
(Linnaeus, 1758) | | Indochina (excluding central Thailand) and the Himalayas | |
|---|
| Nicobar parakeet | P. caniceps
(Blyth, 1846) | | Nicobar Islands which is northwest of Sumatra | |
|---|
| Long-tailed parakeet | P. longicauda
(Boddaert, 1783) | | Sumatra, coasts of Borneo, tip of the Malay Peninsula | |
|---|
| Mascarene grey parakeet | †P. bensoni
(Holyoak, 1973) | | Formerly Mauritius until 1764 | | |
|---|
| |
Tribe Micropsittini
See main article: article and Micropsittini.
Genus Micropsitta (pygmy parrots) Lesson, 1831 – six species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| Buff-faced pygmy parrot | M. pusio
(Sclater, 1866) | | | |
|---|
| Yellow-capped pygmy parrot | M. keiensis
(Salvadori, 1876) | | Southern New Guinea, the Aru Islands, coast of West Papua, and the Raja Ampat Islands | |
|---|
| Geelvink pygmy parrot | M. geelvinkiana
(Schlegel, 1871) | | Biak-Supiori and Numfor (islands of the Baik Island) | |
|---|
| Meek's pygmy parrot | M. meeki
Rothschild and Hartert, 1914 | | Admiralty Islands and the St Matthias Islands | |
|---|
| Finsch's pygmy parrot | M. finschii
(Ramsay, 1881) | | | |
|---|
| Red-breasted pygmy parrot | M. bruijnii
(Salvadori, 1875) | | New Guinea Highlands, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville Island, Kolombangara Island, Guadalcanal, West Papua, and Maruku | | |
|---|
| |
Family Psittrichasiidae
See main article: article and Psittrichasiidae.
Subfamily Coracopsinae
See main article: article and Coracopsinae.
Subfamily Psittrichasinae
See main article: article and Psittrichasinae.
Cockatoos
See main article: article.
Family Cacatuidae
Subfamily Nymphicinae
See main article: article.
| Genus Nymphicus Wagler, 1832 – one species | |
Subfamily Calyptorhynchinae
See main article: article and Calyptorhynchinae.
Subfamily Cacatuinae
See main article: article and Cacatuinae.
Tribe Microglossini
See main article: article and Microglossini.
Tribe Cacatuini
See main article: article and Cacatuini.
Genus Cacatua Vieillot, 1817 – 12 species| Common name | Scientific name | IUCN Red List Status | Range | Picture |
|---|
| White cockatoo | C. alba
(Müller, 1776) | | North Maluku | |
|---|
| Solomons cockatoo | C. ducorpsii
Pucheran, 1853 | | Solomon Islands | |
|---|
| Sulphur-crested cockatoo | C. galerita
(Latham, 1790) | |
Native range in red, introduced range in violet | |
|---|
| Tanimbar corella | C. goffiniana
Roselaar and Michels, 2004 | | Yamdena and Larat of the Tanimbar Islands, and introduced to the Kai Islands | |
|---|
| Red-vented cockatoo | C. haematuropygia
(Müller, 1776) | | The Philippines | |
|---|
| Major Mitchell's cockatoo | C. leadbeateri
(Vigors, 1831) | | | |
|---|
| Salmon-crested cockatoo | C. moluccensis
(Gmelin, 1788) | | Seram, Ambon Island, Saparua and Haruku Island | |
|---|
| Blue-eyed cockatoo | C. ophthalmica
Sclater, 1864 | | | |
|---|
| Western corella | C. pastinator
(Gould, 1841) | | Southwest Australian coast | |
|---|
| Little corella | C. sanguinea
Gould, 1843 | | Australia, excluding Cape York Peninsula and west central Australia, and introduced to Tasmania | |
|---|
| Yellow-crested cockatoo | C. sulphurea
(Gmelin, 1788) | |
Native range in blue, introduced range in red | |
|---|
| Long-billed corella | C. tenuirostris
(Kuhl, 1820) | | New South Wales, excluding the eastern coast | | |
|---|
| |
New Zealand parrots
See main article: article and New Zealand parrot.
Family Nestoridae
See main article: article and Nestoridae.
Family Strigopidae
See main article: article and Strigopidae.
| Genus Strigops Gray, 1845 – one species | |
See also
External links
- eBird – Enter the name of a parrot species to find detailed information about their current range as well as sightings across the world
- IOC World Bird List – A comprehensive list of parrots with up-to-date information on taxonomy, including synonyms and authority
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System – A list providing taxonomic information on all subordinate taxa of Psittaciformes, including subspecies
