List of paraphilias explained

Paraphilia
Field:	Psychiatry

Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or the desire to act on them with a nonconsenting person).^{[1] [2]} Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."^[3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

A

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia	People with impaired mobility.^[4]
Acrotomophilia	People with amputations.^[5] ^[6]
Agalmatophilia	Statues, mannequins and immobility.^[7]
Algolagnia	Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation.^[8]
Amaurophilia	Being unable to see.^[9] ^[10] ^[11]
Amokoscisia	To slash and mutilate women.^[12]
Andromimetophilia	Trans men.^[13]
Anililagnia	Attraction by young men to older women.^[14]
Anthropophagolagnia	Raping and then cannibalizing another person.^[15]
Apotemnophilia	Being an amputee.^[16]
Aquaphilia	A sexual fetish that involves people swimming, posing, or even drowning in water.
Armpit fetishism/maschalagnia	Armpits.
Asphyxiophilia	Asphyxia or strangling of oneself or others.^[17]
Attraction to disability	People with one or more physical disabilities.^[18]
Autagonistophilia	Being on stage or on camera.^[19] ^[20]
Autassassinophilia	Being in life-threatening situations.
Autoandrophilia	Sexual arousal of a female in response to the image of herself as male.
Autoerotic asphyxiation	Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness.
Autogynephilia	Sexual arousal of a male in response to the image of himself as female.^[21]
Autohemofetishism	Making oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia.^[22]
Autonepiophilia	The image of oneself in the form of an infant.
Autopedophilia	The image of oneself in the form of a child.^[23]
Autoplushophilia	The image of oneself in the form of a plush.
Autovampirism/vampirism	The image of oneself in the form of a vampire.^[24] ^[25] ^[26] Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood.
Autozoophilia	The image of oneself in the form of an animal.^[27] ^[28]

B

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Belly fetishism/alvinolagnia	The midriff or belly.
Biastophilia/raptophilia	Raping a person, possibly consensual rape fantasy.
Bondage	Being tied up or physically restrained.
Breast fetishism/mazophilia	Female breasts.

C

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Candaulism	Exposing one's partner or images of their partner to others.
Cannibalism/anthropophagy	Ingesting human flesh.
Canophilia	Dogs.^[29]
Capnolagnia	Smoking.^[30]
Chremastistophilia	Being robbed or held up.
Chronophilia	Partners of a widely differing chronological age.
Coprophilia/scatophilia/fecophilia	Feces.^[31]
Coulrophilia	Clowns^[32]
Cuckolding fetishism/troilism	Observing one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person.^[33]

D

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Dacryphilia	Tears or crying.^[34]
Diaper fetishism	Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism.^[35]
Dendrophilia	Trees.

E

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Emetophilia	Vomit.
Eproctophilia	Flatulence.
Erotophonophilia/dacnolagnomania	Murder, often of strangers.
Exhibitionism/peodeiktophilia	Exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others.
Exophilia	Extraterrestrials.^[36]

F

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Fat fetishism/adipophilia	Overweight or obese people.^[37]
Feederism	Eating, feeding, and weight gain.^[38]
Fictosexuality/fictophilia	Fictional characters.^[39]
Foot fetishism/podophilia	Feet.^[40]
Formicophilia	Being crawled on by insects.^[41]
Forniphilia	Turning a human being into a piece of furniture.
Free use	Being "used" sexually by a sexual partner whenever they are aroused.^[42]
Frotteurism	Rubbing against a non-consenting person.

G

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Gerontophilia	Elderly people.^[43]
Gynandromorphophilia/gynemimetophilia	Transgender women.^[44]
Gynephilia	Females or femininity, regardless of one's own sex or gender identity.^[45]

H

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Hair fetishism/trichophilia	Hair.
Hand fetishism/cheirophilia	Hands.
Hematolagnia	Drinking or looking at blood.^[46]
Heterophilia	Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people.^[47] ^[48] ^[49]
Hierophilia	Religious/sacred objects.
Hoplophilia	Firearms, guns.^[50]
Hybristophilia	Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes.^[51]

I

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Infantophilia	Children less than five years old; a recently suggested term that is not in general use.^[52]
Impregnation fetishism	The event of being impregnated or impregnating another person.^[53]

K

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Kleptolagnia/kleptophilia	Stealing; a form of kleptomania.
Klismaphilia	Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both.^[54]

L

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Lactophilia/galactophilia	Breast milk, breastfeeding or sucking on a woman's breasts.^[55]
Leg fetishism/crurophilia	Legs.^[56]
Liquidophilia	Immersing genitals in liquids.

M

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Macrophilia	Giant beings; imagined growth of beings.
Masochism	Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused.
Mechanophilia	Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia".^[57] ^[58] ^[59]
Melolagnia	Music.^[60]
Menophilia	Menstruation.
Metrophilia	Poetry.
Microphilia	Shrunken beings; imagined shrinking of beings.
Morphophilia	Particular body shapes or sizes.
Mucophilia	Mucus.
Mysophilia	Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things.

N

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Narratophilia	Obscene words.
Navel fetishism/alvinophilia	Navel.
Nebulophilia	Fog or smoke.^[61]
Necrophilia	Corpses.^[62]
Nose fetishism/nasophilia	Noses.

O

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Objectophilia	Specific inanimate objects.
Oculolinctus	The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification.
Odaxelagnia	Biting or being bitten.
Olfactophilia/bromidrophilia	Smells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.).
Omorashi	Having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself.

P

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Paraphilic infantilism/autonepiophilia/adult baby syndrome	Dressing or being treated like a baby;^[63] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism.
Partialism	Specific, non-genital body parts.
Pedophilia	Prepubescent children; also spelled paedophilia.^[64]
Pedovestism	Dressing like a child.^[65]
Pictophilia	Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures.
Piquerism	Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects.^[66]
Plushophilia	Stuffed toys ("plushies").^[67]
Pregnancy fetishism/maiesiophilia	Pregnant women.^[68]
Pygophilia	Buttocks.^[69]
Pyrophilia	Fire.^[70]

S

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Sadism	Inflicting pain on others.
Salirophilia	Soiling or dirtying others.
Sexual fetishism	Nonliving objects.
Shoe fetishism	Shoes, especially high heels.
Somnophilia/dormaphilia	Being asleep or unconscious, or pretending to be asleep or unconscious.^[71]
Sophophilia	Learning.^[72]
Sthenolagnia	Muscles and displays of strength.
Stigmatophilia	Body piercings and tattoos.
Symphorophilia	Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents.
Telephone scatologia/telephonicophilia/scatophilia	Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers.^[73]

T

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Teratophilia	Deformed or monstrous people. The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient Greek,, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
Tickling fetishism/knismolagnia	Tickling.^[74]
Toucherism	Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand.^[75]
Toxophilia	Archery.
Transvestic fetishism	Cross-dressing.^[76]
Timophilia	Gold, wealth, or social status.^[77]

V

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Vorarephilia/vore	The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece.^[78]
Voyeurism/scopophilia	Watching others while naked or having sex, generally without their knowledge.

Z

Paraphilia	Focus of erotic interest
Zoophilia	Non-human animals.
Zoosadism	Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain.^[80]

See also

• Courtship disorders
• Erotic target location errors
• List of phobias
• Lovemaps
• Perversion
• Sexual fetishism

Notes and References

1. DSM to Distinguish Paraphilias From Paraphilic Disorders. Psychiatric News . American Psychiatric Association. Moran. Mark. May 3, 2013. 48 . 9 . 10–261 . 10.1176/appi.pn.2013.5a19 . 16 June 2013.
2. Book: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. 978-0-89042-025-6. Washington, DC. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
3. Book: Aggrawal, Anil . Anil Aggrawal . Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices . 2008 . 369–382 . Appendix 1 . https://books.google.com/books?id=uNkNhPZQprcC&q=a%20comprehensive%20list%20of%20paraphilias&pg=PA369 . . 978-1-4200-4308-2.
4. Book: Milner, JS . Laws DR & O'Donohue WT . Dopke CA . Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment . . New York . 2008 . 384–418 . 978-1-59385-605-2 . Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified: Psychopathology and theory.
5. Money . J . 1984 . Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification . John Money . 6234812 . . 38 . 2 . 164–78 . 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1984.38.2.164 .
6. Money . J . John Money . Simcoe KW . 1986 . Acrotomophilia, sex, and disability: New concepts and case report . Sexuality and Disability . 7 . 43–50 . 10.1007/BF01101829 . 1/2. 145239837 .
7. Scobie . A . Taylor J . 1975 . Perversions ancient and modern: I. Agalmatophilia, the statue syndrome . 10.1002/1520-6696(197501)11:1<49::AID-JHBS2300110112>3.0.CO;2-6 . Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences . 11 . 49–54 . 11609831 . 1 .
8. Book: Kelley, K. Byrne D . Alternative Approaches to the Study of Sexual Behavior . 1986 . 13–38 . . Hillsdale, N.J. . 978-0-89859-677-9 .
9. Web site: Amaurophilia Kinkdictionary. 17 April 2022.
10. Web site: Blindness Fetishes Explained.
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12. Web site: Amokoscisia Kink dictionary. 17 April 2022.
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16. Money . J . John Money . 1977 . Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia . 3811894 . . 13 . 2 . 115–125 . 10.1080/00224497709550967 . Jobaris . Russell . Furth . Gregg.
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