Outline of organic gardening and farming explained

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to organic gardening and farming:

Organic farming - alternative agricultural system that relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost, manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards, in general, are intended to enable the use of naturally occurring compounds while restricting or strongly limiting the use of manufactured substances.^[1] ^[2]

Organic farming and gardening systems and approaches

Principles of organic gardening and farming

Principles of Organic Agriculture
1. The Principle of Health - "Organic agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal and human as one and indivisible."
2. The Principle of Ecology - "Organic agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them."
3. The Principle of Fairness - "Organic agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities."
4. The Principle of Care - "Organic agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well being of current and future generations and the environment."

The ornamental organic garden

Organic gardening and farming techniques

List of companion plants
Compost
Biofertilizer
Intercropping
Managed intensive rotational grazing
Multiple cropping
No dig gardening
Pollination management
Sheet mulching
Square foot gardening
Succession planting
Sustainable agriculture
Weed control techniques (see also 'weeds' below)

Stale seed bed
Xeriscaping (water wise gardening)

History of organic gardening and farming

History of organic farming

Pests and diseases

Integrated pest management
Biological pest control
Physiological plant disorders (i.e., plant disorders caused by environmental factors, such as weather conditions, nutrient deficiencies, etc.)

Nutrient deficiencies

Boron deficiency

Calcium deficiency

Iron deficiency

Magnesium deficiency

Manganese deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency

Phosphorus deficiency

Potassium deficiency
Plant pathology (i.e., plant diseases caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria, etc.)

Honey fungus

Rust (fungus)

Specific replant disease

Weeds

Organic organizations

Organic Crop Improvement Association
Good Gardeners Association (UK)
Garden Organic, formerly the Henry Doubleday Research Association (main organisation promoting organic gardening in the UK)
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)
Permaculture Association (Britain)
Rodale Institute
Soil Association (UK)
Certified Naturally Grown
Vegan Organic Network
World-Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF)
Carolina Farm Stewardship Association For North and South Carolina, of the US, the leading organic farming advocacy and certification institution.
Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Association
Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association (IOFGA) Organic certification and promotion body in Ireland.
Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association (MOFGA)

Some important figures in organic farming and gardening

See also

Related lists

Notes and References

Web site: USDA Blog » Organic 101: Allowed and Prohibited Substances. blogs.usda.gov. 6 April 2016.
News: Peter . Alex . Gardenesis . 12 June 2023.
Web site: 2015-09-23 . Michelle Obama's organic garden wins America's hearts . 2023-04-02 . LifeGate . en-US.