List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.221 explained

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 311.221 under that system. It includes instruments that are true stick zithers with one resonator.

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

List

References

• 233. The Kafir Harp. Thomas. Alvad. Man. 54. October 1954. 151–154. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 10.2307/2795578.
• The Harp in India Today. Roderick. Knight. Ethnomusicology. 29. 1. Winter 1985. 9–28. University of Illinois Press. Society for Ethnomusicology. 10.2307/852322. 852322.
• Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann. Erich M.. von Hornbostel. Curt Sachs . The Galpin Society Journal. 14. March 1961. 3–29. 10.2307/842168. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14. 842168.