List of music theorists explained

Music theory has existed since the advent of writing in ancient times. The earliest known practitioners include primarily Greek and some Chinese scholars. A few Indian sages such as Bharata Muni (Natya Shastra) are also credited with important treatises. Though much is lost, substantial treatises on ancient Greek music theory survive, including those by Aristoxenus, Nicomachus, Ptolemy and Porphyry. The influential Yue Jing Classic of Music from China is lost, though a few Ancient Chinese theorists from the Han dynasty and later have surviving contributions, such as Jing Fang and Xun Xu.

Writers of late antiquity—particularly Boethius, Cassiodorus and Isidore of Seville—were crucial in translating and transmitting much thought on music theory from classical antiquity to medieval Europe. However, the information relayed to the Post-classical era was minimal and European medieval theorists frequently misinterpreted what little Greek writings had been preserved. Important medieval European theorists include Hucbald, Guido of Arezzo, Johannes Cotto, Franco of Cologne, Philippe de Vitry. Many medieval music manuscripts of Europe were anonymous, and later compilers such as Martin Gerbert and Edmond de Coussemaker assigned names to unknown authors, such as 'Anonymous IV'. Concurrent with medieval Europe, scholars of the emerging Islamic Golden Age often more readily and thoroughly engaged with ancient Greek music treatises. Many Arab and Persian music theorists of this time have surviving works, such as Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi and Abd al-Qadir Maraghi. Theorists of the Byzantine Empire include George Pachymeres and Manuel Chrysaphes.

By the 15th century, European theorists were readily discussing the qualities of Renaissance music, with theorists such Johannes Tinctoris and Gioseffo Zarlino making important contributions to the study of counterpoint. Zarlino and Nicola Vicentino developed new theories on musical tuning, a topic which Vicentino publicly debated on with theorist Vicente Lusitano. At this time, the quality and quantity of Turkic musical sources increased, due to the rise of the Ottoman Empire. This laid the foundation of an 18th-century musical golden age in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, exemplified by composer-theorists such as Kasımpaşalı Osman Effendi, Dimitrie Cantemir and Abdülbaki Nasır Dede. Meanwhile, the Age of Enlightenment and the common practice period in Europe led to substantial changes in the nature of published music theory.^[1]

Antiquity

Name	Lifetime	Nationality	Major writing	Known for
	BCE	Greek	Only fragments and later citations survive In	Naming the harmonic mean; a theory of acoustics correlating pitch with the speed of sound; may have been the first to describe the quadrivium	^[2]
Aristoxenus	BCE – ?	Greek	Ἁρμονικὰ στοιχεῖα [''Elements of Harmony''] In and elsewhere	The oldest surviving substantial work of music theory. Foundational and comprehensive, though not completely extant	^[3]
Archestratus		Greek	Περὶ αὐλητῶν [''On [[Aulos|auletes]]]; quotations in Porphyry and Philodemus In	Tetrachord theory concerning the pyknon
	Perhaps BCE	Greek	Πυθαγορικὴ τῆς μουσικῆς στοιχείωσις [The Pythagorean Principles of Music] (lost) Quoted by Porphyry In	Theories on the proper roles of reason and sensory experience in the study of music. The only known female music theorist of antiquity.	^[4]
	– BCE	Greek	Only fragments and later citations survive In	Calculating of the tuning of the tetrachord degrees	^[5]
	BCE	Greek	Only fragments and later citations survive; quoted by Porphyry, Ptolemy and Clement of Alexandria In	Theories on chromatic tetrachords	^[6]
Jing Fang	78–37 BCE	Chinese	京式段嘉 [''Jīng Shì Duàn Jiā'']; excerpts in the 淮南子 Huainanzi and 隋書 Book of Sui	Discovered that 53 perfect fifths was approximate to 31 octaves while creating a musical scale of 60 tones
Bharata	CE	Indian	नाट्य शास्त्र [''Natya Shastra'']	Wrote a comprehensive overview of ancient Indian music	^[7]
Dionysius the Areopagite	CE	Roman	Concerning the Divine Hymns (lost); quoted by Dionysius	Purportedly one of the only treatises that discussed the Byzantine rite
Nicomachus of Gerasa	CE	Greek	Ἐγχειρίδιον ἁρμονικῆς [''Manual of Harmonics'']; Θεολογούμενα ἀριθμητικῆς [''Theology of Arithmetic''] In ;	The only significant extant music theory works between Aristoxenus/Euclid and Ptolemy.	^[8]
	after 83 – 161 CE	Greek	Ἁρμονικόν [''Harmonics''] In	Among the most comprehensive and through music theory works of antiquity	^[9]
	After the 1st century CE	Greek	Εἰσαγωγὴ ἁρμονική [''Introduction to Harmonics''] In ;	Introduces Aristoxenus' harmonic system. Influenced Manuel Bryennius considerably	^[10]
Theon of Smyrna		Greek	On Mathematics Useful for the Understanding of Plato In	Discusses music of numbers, instrumental music, and "music of the spheres"	^[11]
Adrastus of Aphrodisias		Greek	Περὶ Ἁρμονικῶν [''On Harmonics''] (lost); Quoted by Theon of Smyrna In	Writings on harmonics
Xun Xu	– 289	Chinese	Quoted in the 隋書 [''Book of Song''], vol. 6	Linked the Heptatonic scale with the Shí-èr-lǜ. Developed a new finger-hole system for the dizi
Porphyry	–	Greek	Commentary on Ptolemy's Harmonics In	Included substantial commentary on earlier theorists, sometimes quoting otherwise lost works. May have been the earliest Western writer to criticize secular music for its purported "sensual attraction"	^[12]
Gaudentius		Greek	Εἰσαγωγὴ ἁρμονική [''Harmonic Introduction''] In ;	Synthesized the music theory of Pythagoras and Aristoxenus. Influenced Cassiodorus considerably	^[13]
	CE	Greek	Εἰσαγωγὴ Μουσική [''Introduction to Music''] In	Momprehensive explanation of ancient Greek musical notation	^[14]
Aristides Quintilianus		Greek	Περὶ Μουσικῆς [''On Music''] In	Most comprehensive Greek writings on music's relationship to other topics	^[15]
	370–447	Chinese	Treatise on Harmonics (lost)	Developed a theory of equal temperament	^[16]
		Greek	Eisagōgē technēs mousikēs [''Introduction to the Art of Music''] In	General introductory text	^[17]
		Roman	Book 9 of De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii [''On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury'']	Includes a translation of Aristides Quintilianus's On Music	^[18]
Shen Yue	441–513	Chinese	Treatise on Harmonic and Celestial Systematics Earlier version in the 隋書 [''Book of Song'']	Includes Xun Xu's developed dizi finger-hole system

6th–14th centuries

See also: List of medieval music theorists.

Name	Lifetime	Nationality	Major writing	Known for
		Roman	De institutione musica	Transmission of ancient Greek music theory	^[19]
		Roman	Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum	Helped formalize the seven liberal arts	^[20]
	– 636	Spanish	Etymologiarum sive Originum libri xx (chapters 15–23 deal with music)		^[21]
Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi	718 – 786	Arab		ʿArūḍ and its application to music	^[22] ^[23]
		Persian	Kitab al-Nagham		^[24]
	801–873	Arab	Al-risāla al-kubrā fī al-ta’līf (Grand treatise on composition)		^[25]
Ibn Khordadbeh	820–912	Persian	Kitāb al-lahw wa-l-malahi	Description of music in pre-Islamic Persia	^[26]
		Frankish	Musica disciplina	Earliest extant treatise on medieval music	^[27]
Johannes Scottus Eriugena	–	Irish	De divisione naturae and De divisione naturae	Mentions organum (scholars doubt this refers to polyphony)	^[28]
	– 930		De musica (formerly known as De harmonica institutione)	"One of the foremost expositors of music theory in the Carolingian era"	^[29]
Anonymous 8	9th century		Musica enchiriadis	earliest extant discussion of polyphonic singing and the first chant melodies preserved in a precise pitch notation	^[30]
Abu Ahmad Monajjem	855 or 866 – 912		Resāla fi’l-mūsīqī	Oldest extant Middle Eastern treatise with a detailed description of modal structure	^[31]
Regino of Prüm	– 915		De synodalibus causis and Epistola de armonica institutione	"Correct the intonations and confirm the modes of the antiphons and responsories of the Mass and Office"	^[32]
	872–950	Arab	Kitāb al-mūsīqī al-kabīr (Great book on music)	"most imposing of all Arabic works on music"	^[33]
	897–967	Arab	Kitab al-Aghani (Book of Songs)
	950–1022
Anonymous, of the Brethren of Purity	second half of the 10th century		Rasa’il Ikhwan al-Safa, Epistle 5: On Music		^[34] ^[35]
		Italian	Micrologus		^[36]
Avicenna (Ibn-Sīnā)	c. 980 – 1037	Persian	Danishnama-i 'Alai
Abhinavagupta		Indian	Abhinavabharati	Important commentary on the Natya Shastra	^[37]
	d. 1048		Musica Seu Prologus In Tonarium	He compiled a tonarius, dealing with the organisation of the church chants into ‘tones’ – eight modes of the Gregorian chant.
Ibn Zaylah	d. 1048		al-Kāfī fī al-mūsīqī		^[38] ^[39]
	1013–1054
Michael Psellos	1018 – after 1078	Byzantine	Eis tēn psychogonian tou Platōnos Prolambanomena eis tēn rhythmikēn epistēmēn On the Resounding Hall at Nicomedia		^[40]
	fl. 1068–1078		De musica	also known as simply "Aribo." Created a "caprea," a diagram showing modal tetrachords superimposed on the gamut.	^[41]
	died 1091		De musica		^[42]
	mid-11th century – 1103	German	Brevarium	compiler of treatises, in particular Boethius and Berno of Reichenau.	^[43]
	c. 1050 – c. 1120		Musica		^[44]
	fl. 1100		De musica
Avempace	c. 1085 – 1138		Risālah fī l-alḥān		^[45]
Cai Yuanding	1135–1198	Chinese	Lülü xinshu [New treatise of music theory]	Theories on scales, pitches and intervals
	fl. 1138–43		De essentiis	Translating Arabic treatises into Latin	^[46]
	fl. 1130s		supposed author of Regule de arte musica	earliest Cistercian treatise on music theory.	^[47]
Jiang Kui	1155–1221	Chinese	Dayueyi and Qinse kaogutu	Two treatises, the Dayueyi on proper music (yayue) and the Qinse kaogutu on the qin and se zithers. Also created a popular 18 symbol form of music notation	^[48]
Theinred of Dover (Theinredus Doverensis)	12th century		De legitimis ordinibus pentachordorum et tetrachordorum	discussion of chromatically altered tones in plainsong	^[49]
Tanchi (堪智)	(1163 – 1237?)	Japanese		Introduced strict music theory of shōmyō, based on that of gagaku. This included standards for modulation, rhythm, pitch and new five-tone notation system (goin-bakase)	^[50]
Śārṅgadeva		Indian	Sangita Ratnakara [Ocean of Music]	Wrote the authoritative text for subsequent Indian music	^[51]
	early 13th century		Ars organi		^[52]
		German	Ars cantus mensurabilis	Franconian Notation	^[53]
Safi al-Din al-Urmawi	– 1294	Persian	Kitab al-Adwār and Risālah al-Sharafiyyah fi 'l-nisab al-taʾlifiyyah (The Sharafiyyah Letter on the Art of Composing)		^[54]
	before 1203 – 1272	French
George Pachymeres	1242 –	Byzantine	Syntagma tōn tessarōn mathēmatōn, arithmētikēs, mousikēs, geōmetrias kai astronomias		^[55]
	fl. 1260–1280		Ars musica	noted for inclusion of Spanish instruments and description of organ used in church.	^[56]
	fl. 1271	English	Practica artis musice
	died after 1272		Tractatus de musica		^[57]
	fl. 1270 – 1280		De mensuris et discantu
	fl. c. 1270		Tractatus de musica		^[58]
	c. 1250 – 1331		De musica tractatus
	c. 1260 – after 1330
	fl. 1270–1320	French	De Mensurabili Musica	Explains the rhythmic modes, particularly that which the Notre-Dame school engaged in
	late 13th century	French
	late 13th century		Gaudent brevitate moderni		^[59]
	mid-13th century		Ars motettorum compilata breviter		^[60]
	late 13th century		Scientia artis musice		^[61]
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi	c. 1236 - 1311	Persian	Dorrat al-tāj fi ḡorrat al-dabbāj		^[62]
	1291–1361	French	Ars nova notandi (1322)		^[63]
	c. 1285 – 1359/60		Flores musicae omnis cantus Gregoriani
	1st half of 14th century]		Liber de musica		^[64]
	fl. early 14th century		Compendium de discantu mensurabili		^[65]
	fl. 1300	French	Ars musicae
	14th century	Byzantine	Harmonika		^[66]
	died 1330	English
	c. 1290 – after 1344	French
		Italian	Lucidarium in arte musice plane and Pomerium in arte musice mensurate		^[67]
		English			^[68]
		English	Summa		^[69]
		English	Quatuor principalia musice	Writings on ars nova	^[70]
al-Āmulī	died 1352	Persian	Nafā’is al-funūn	His Nafā’is al-funūn on the quadrivium contains a chapter on music theory; it is one of the few surviving Persian sources dated in the time between the works of Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi and Abd al-Qadir Maraghi	^[71]
Ibn Kurr	Died 1357	Arab	Ġāyat al-matḷūb fī 'ilm al-adwār wa-'l-dụrūb (The Enticing Roads to Rhythms and Modes)	Examines musical discourse of 14th-century Cario	^[72]
	Died 1367	Dutch	Ars [musicae]; Musica	Writings on ars nova	^[73]
	1360–1412	Flemish	Nova musica [''New Music'']	Discusses music as an art	^[74]
		Active in France	Tractatus figurarum (attributed)		^[75]
Zhu Quan	1378–1448	Chinese	神奇秘谱 [''Wondrous and secret notation''] (1425) and 太和正音譜 [''Song Register of Great Harmony and Accurate Tones''] (1398)	Studies on qin music; classification and analysis of over 300 melodies from Chinese dramas	^[76]
Ugolino of Forlì		Italian	Declaratio musicae disciplinae [''Declaration of the Discipline of Music'']		^[77]
John Laskaris		Byzantine	The Interpretation and Parallage of the Art of Music	Discusses the Byzantine modal system	^[78]
		Byzantine	Discourse on the Signs of Chant	–	^[79]
Manuel Chrysaphes		Byzantine	Peri tōn entheōroumenōn tē psaltikē technē kai hōn phronousi kakōs tines peri autōn [''On the Theory of the Art of Chanting and On Certain Erroneous Views That Some Hold about It'']	Includes otherwise unknown information on Byzantine singing, modal theory and general musical practice	^[80]

15th and 16th centuries

Name	Lifetime	Major writing	Known for
Fernand Estevan	fl. 1410	Reglas de canto plano è de contrapunto, è de canto de organo		^[81]
Kırşehrî Yusuf	fl. 1411	Kitâbü’l Edvâr		^[82]
	d. 1428
Abd al-Qadir Maraghi	d. 1435	Makâsıd al-Alhân	Corpus attributed to him was a seminal work of the 17th century renaissance of Ottoman music	^[83] ^[84]
Ugolino of Forlì Also Ugolino of Orvieto				^[85] ^[86]
Fatḥallāh al-Shirwānī	d. approximately 1453	Majalla fī 'l-mūsīqī [Codex on music]		^[87]
Antonius de Leno	early 15th century	Regulae de contrapunto (title created by Coussemaker from incomplete treatise)		^[88]
	c. 1410 – 1487
Johannes Gallicus	c. 1415 – 1473	Praefatio libelli musicalis de ritu canendi vetustissimo et novo	First 15th century theorist to describe attributes of Renaissance music.	^[89]
Nicolaus Polonus	15th-century	Tractatus musicalis ad cantum gregorialem brevis et utilis	Authored an introduction on singing	^[90]
Ladikli Mehmet Chelebi	fl. 1483	Zeynü’l-elḥân fî ʿilmi’t-teʾlîf ve’l-evzân		^[91]
	c. 1435 – 1511
	c. 1440 – after 1491
Muhammad al-Ladiqi	d. 1494	Risâla al-fathiyya fi’l-al-müsïqï		^[92]
Ioannis Plousiadinos	d. approximately 1500		His system of parallage	^[93] ^[94]
	1445–1505
	1449–1552
Hızır bin Abdullah	fl. mid-15th century	Kitābü’l-edvār	His work on fragmentary modal structures (terkîb), in which he defined a total of 240 modes.^[95]
Hadji Büke	fl. mid-15th century	Mukaddimetü’l Usûl	Noted for his pioneering work on compound (mürekkep) makams.	^[96]
Hace Abdülaziz	fl. mid-15th century	Nekavetü’l Edvâr
	1451–1522	Practica musicae, 1496
Nicolò Burzio	1453–1528	Musices opusculum		^[97]
	1458–1541	Tractato di musica di Gioanni Spataro musico bolognese nel quale si tracta de la perfectione da la sesqualtera producta in la musica mensurata exercitate		^[98]
Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (alias Jacobus Faber Stapulensis)	c. 1460 – 1536	Musica libris demonstrata quattuor, Paris 1496
	c. 1460 – 1529
Erasmus Horicius	c. 1465 – early 16th century	Musica and Tractatus de sphera		^[99]
Michael Keinspeck	c. 1470 – mid-16th century	Lilium musicae planae		^[100]
	c. 1475 – 1542	Musica theorica (Venice, 1529)		^[101]
	1477–1534
	c. 1480 – c. 1550
	c. 1480 – 1541	Enchiridion musices (1512)		^[102]
	c. 1480/1490? – after 1543
Melchior Schanppecher	born c. 1480	Opus aurem musicae (Cologne, 1501)		^[103]
John Tucke	c. 1482 – after 1539	His notebook (British Library, Additional Ms. 10336)		^[104]
	1486–1556
	1488–1563
	1488–1548
	c. 1490 – 1544	Correspondence with Giovanni Spataro and Pietro Aaron		^[105]
	c. 1490 – 1545	Scintille di musica	Author of the earliest treatise on music theory in Italian	^[106]
Andreas Ornithoparchus	born c. 1490	Musicae activae micrologus (Leipzig, 1517)		^[107]
Bonaventura da Brescia	late 15th century	Breviloquium musicale (Brescia, 1497) (later editions known as Regula musicae planae)		^[108]
Gulielmus Monachus	late 15th century	De preceptis artis musicae		^[109]
Guillermo de Podio	late 15th century	Ars musicorum (Valencia, 1495); In enchiridion de principiis musicae		^[110]
Kadızade Mehmet Tirevî	late 15th century	Risâle-i Mûsîkî
	c. 1492 – mid-16th century	Opera intitulata Fontegara (Venice, 1535) Regola Rubertina (Venice, 1542) Lettione Seconda (Venice, 1543)
Henricus Grammateus (alias Heinrich Schreiber)	1495–1525/6
	1499–1561	De arte canendi (Nuremberg, 1532–40)
	before 1500–1552	Compendiolum musicae (1548) De musica poetica (1548) Ad musicam practicam introductio (1550)
	early 16th century	Opusculum musices (Vienna, 1509)		^[111]
	16th century	Introdutione facilissima et novissima de canto fermo (Rome, 1553)
Seydî	fl. early 16th century	Al-Matlah
	c. 1500 – 1559	Compendium musices, tam figurati quam plani cantus, ad formam dialogi (Berne, 1537, 5/1554)		^[112]
	c. 1500 – 1562
	c. 1510 – 1565	Libro primero de la Declaración de instrumentos musicales (1549) Comiença el Arte Tripharia(1550)		^[113]
Nikolaus Listenius	born c. 1510	Rudimenta musicae (1533)		^[114]
	c. 1510 – after 1565
	c. 1510 – 1570
	1511–1576
	1513–1590
	1517–1590
	1519–1594
	1520–1581	Illuminata de tutti i tuoni di canto fermo (Venice, 1562)		^[115]
	late 1520–1591
		Qulü [Principles of arias]	Theories of singing and composition (in the Kunshan qiang tradition)	^[116]
	1527–1558
	c. 1528 – after 1592	Arte de música (1592)		^[117]
	1531–1612
	1532–1595
	1533 – c. 1580/89
	c. 1535 – 1591	Il compendio della musica nel quale si tratta dell’arte del contrapunto		^[118]
Zhu Zaiyu	1536–1611	Lüxue xinshuo and Lülü jingyi	Possibly the first person to accurately describe equal temperament	^[119]
	c. 1540 – 1613
	c. 1545 – 1618
	1546–1597
	fl. 1548–1564
Simon Stevin	1548–1620	Two incomplete treatises	Theories of consonance	^[120]
Ramamatya		Svaramelakalanidhi [Treasury of Musical Scales]		^[121] ^[122]
	c. 1550 – 1620	Passaggi per potersi esercitare nel diminuire, Venice 1592
	c. 1554 – 1638
	c. 1554 – after 1610
	1555–1627
	1556–1615
	c. 1556 – 1620
	c. 1557 – 1602
	1559–1625
	c. 1560 – 1608	Breve et facile maniera d’essercitarsi..., Rome 1593
	1560–1647	The Principles of Musik (1636)
	1560/61–1617	Ricercate, passaggi et cadentie, Venice 1585
	1561–1625
	1562–1621
	fl 1562–73	Delle lettere del Signor Gio. Camillo Maffei da Solofra, libri due ..., Naples 1562
	1564–1614
	1564–1629
	1567–1643
	1567–1620
	1568–1634
	before 1568 – 1601	Il vero modo di diminuir con tutte le sorti di stromenti di fiato, & corda, & di voce humana Venice: Angelo Gardano 1584
	c. 1569/73 – 1621
	died 1570	Arte de tañer fantasía
	died 1588
	flourished 1588	Exercitatio, qua musices origo prima, cultus antiquissimus, dignitas maxima et emolumenta ... breviter ac dilucide exponuntur, Speyer, 1588		^[123]
	fl 1592–94	Regole, passaggi di musica, madrigali et motetti passeggiati, Venice, 1594		^[124]

17th century

Name	Lifetime	Major writing	Known for
	– 1626
Johannes Kepler	1571–1630	Harmonices Mundi		^[125]
	1574–1637
	c. 1576 – 1626
	1577–1649
	1578–1640	Del sonare sopra il basso, 1607
	1581–1655
	1582–1663
	c. 1582 – 1635
	1585–1612	Synopsis musicae novae (1612) [''Synopsis of New Music'']	Coined the term "harmonic triad"	^[126]
	1588–1638
	1588–1666
	1588–1648
	1593–1637
	1595–1647
	1596–1650
	1597–1662
	1597–1644
	1598–1662
	c. 1600 – 1658
	c. 1600 – 1681/87
	1601–1680
	c. 1605 – 1669
Wojciech Bobowski	c. 1610–1675	Mecmûa-i Sâz ü Söz	Introduction of staff notation to Ottoman music, which would overtake abjad notation in the 19th century.	^[127] ^[128]
	c. 1610 – 1663
	1612–1665
	1612–1682
	1612/3 – c. 1706
	1613–1693
	1616–1696
	1616–1703
	1618–1689
	1621–1677
	1623–1686
Kasımpaşalı Osman Effendi	fl. c. 1623
	1624–1703
	1624–1694
	c. 1625 – 1690
	c. 1624 – 1705
	1628–1692
	1629–1695
Venkatamakhin		Chaturdandiprakashika [The Illuminator of the Four Pillars of Music]		^[129]
	c. 1632 – 1714
	c. 1630 – after 1680
	c. 1636 – 1694
	1636–1707
	1637–1685
	1641–1717
	1642–1678
	1644–1700
	1645–1706
	1646–1716
	1648–1706
Çengi Yusuf Dede	fl. c. 1650			^[130]
	1651–1706
Giovanni Battista Chiodini	died 1652	Arte pratica latina et volgare di far contrapunto à mente, & à penna, 1610
	1653–1716
	1653–1704
Nâyî Osman Dede	fl. c. 1680–1729	Rabt-ı Tâbirât-ı Mûsikî		^[131]
	c. 1653 – 1732
	c. 1654 – 1730
	1654–1717
	1655–1700
	1655–1730
	c. 1655 – 1707
	fl. 1670–c. 1698
	1674–1717
Charles Masson	fl. 1680–1700
	died 1684

18th century

Name	Lifetime	Major writing	Known for
	1660–1741	Gradus ad Parnassum	Palestrinian style of Renaissance polyphony
	1660–1722
	1669 –1741
	1661–1727
	1666–1727
	1667–1752
	c. 1670 – 1748
Dimitrie Cantemir	1673 – 1723	Kitâbu 'İlmi'l-Mûsiki alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât (or simply Edvâr)	The empirical school of Ottoman music theory, Cantemir notation, description of pseudo-makam	^[132]
	1681–1767
	1681–1764
	1683–1764	Treatise on Harmony reduced to its natural principles
	1683–1729
	1683–1761
	1684–1748
	1685–1763
	1685–1739
	c. 1686 – 1748
	1687–1762
	1692–1770
	1697–1780
	1699–1762
	1699–1782
	1700–1783
	1703–1778
	died 1704
	1706–1784
	1707–1783	Tentamen novae theoriae musicae (Attempt at a New Theory of Music)	See Leonhard Euler#Music
	1708–1776
	1709–1782
	1711–1778
	1712–1778
	1713–1801
	1714–1788
	1717–1783
	1718–1795
	1719–1787
	1720–1774
	1720–1779
	1720–1793
Kevserî	fl. 1720–1740	Kevserî Mecmuası
	1721–1783
	1726–1776
	1729–1783
	c. 1732 – 1809
	1736–1809
	1737–1799
Panayotis Chalatzoglou	fl. 1740–1748		Comparative study of Ottoman and Byzantine modal systems.^[133]	^[134]
Petros Peloponnesios	1740–1788	His codex of music		^[135]
	1747–1800
	1748–1833
	1748–1831
	1749–1818
	1749–1816
	1749–1814
Kyrillos Marmarinos	fl. 1749
	1756–1829
	1756–1813
	1760–1842
	1762–1842
Abdülbâki Nâsır Dede	1765–1821	Tedkîk u Tahkîk		^[136]
	1766–1842
Hampartsoum Limondjian	1768–1839		Hampartsoum notation	^[137] ^[138]
	1769–1854
Anton Reicha	1770–1836
	1771–1834
	1773–1830
	1773–1823
	1775–1842
	1777–1846
	1779–1839

19th century

Name	Lifetime	Major writing	Known for
	1780–1842	Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zur Fuge für den Selbstunterricht (1842)	Fugue theory	^[139]
	1784–1871	Traité complet de la théorie et de la pratique de l'harmonie (1844)	Frameworks of tonality and harmony	^[140]
	1788–1867
	1791–1857	Theoretico-Practical Piano School Volume 4, Vienna, 1847
	1792–1868
	c. 1795–1866
	c. 1796–1874
	1797–1881
	1799–1858
	1799–1879
	1802–1866
	1807–1880
	1808–1880
	1808–1879
	1810–1849	A Treatise on Harmony
	1813–1887
	1821–1894
	1824–1896
	1825–1889
	1826–1892
	1828–1908
	1830–1892
	1831–1902
	1832–1903
	1836–1920
	1835–1909
	1837–1924
	1840–1901
	1845–1912
	1847–1910
	1849–1919
	1853–1943
	1855–1941	Umfang, Methode und Ziel der Musikwissenschaf (1885)
	1856–1915	Convertible Counterpoint in the Strict Style
	1861–1907	Harmonielehre (1907)	His textbook, written with Rudolf Louis, which analyzes music with an equal emphasis on vertical and horizontal harmony	^[141]

20th century – present

Name	Lifetime	Major writing	Known for
	1864–1924	Kontrapunkt (1908)	Attempted to synthesize harmony and counterpoint
	1868–1926	Traité de la fugue (1901)	Fugue theory	^[142] ^[143]
	1868–1939	Das Geheimnis der Form bei Richard Wagner (1924–1933)	Musical analysis, particularly of Richard Wagner's works	^[144] ^[145]
	1868–1935	Free Composition, Counterpoint, Harmony	Founding Schenkerian analysis	^[146]
August Halm	1869–1929	Die Symphonie Anton Bruckners (1914)	Musical analysis	^[147]
Suphi Ezgi	1869–1962	Nazarî ve Amelî Türk Müzikisi (1933–1953)
Rauf Yekta	1871–1935	La musique turque (1922)
	1874–1951	Style and Idea	Twelve-tone technique, Serialism
	1875–1940	Essays in Musical Analysis (1935–1939, 1944)	Musical analysis	^[148] ^[149]
Julián Carrillo	1875–1965	Sonido 13 (1948)	The Sonido 13 theory	^[150]
	1877–1941
	1877–1942			^[151]
	1878–1962
Hüseyin Sadeddin Arel	1880–1955	Türk Musikisi Kimindir?	The nationalist school of Ottoman classical music	^[152]
	1885–1957	The Thematic Process in Music (1951)	Musical analysis	^[153]
	1886–1946
	1886–1979		formulation of dissonant counterpoint	^[154]
	1887–1979	"Heinrich Schenker's Method of Analysis" (1935)	Schenkerian analysis
Iurii Nikolaevich Tiulin	1893-1978			^[155]
	1894–1995	Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns (1947)
	1895–1963	Unterweisung im Tonsatz [The Craft of Musical Composition]		^[156]
	1895–1943	The Schillinger System of Musical Composition (1941)	System of music composition	^[157]
	1896–1981	Harmonic Materials of Modern Music: Resources of the Tempered Scale (1960)	Nascent development of set theory
	1898–1973	Einführung in die musikalische Formenlehre [''Introduction to Musical Form'']	Musical analysis of form and structure	^[158]
	1904–1986
Lev Abramovich Mazel'	born 1907	O melodii (1952)	Elements of music among the founders of the Soviet/Russian music theory tradition	^[159]
	1908–1977	English translation of Free Composition	Schenkerian analysis	^[160]
	1915–2009	Serial Composition and Atonality (1962)	Methods of atonality	^[161]
	1916–2011	Numerous; "Some Aspects of Twelve-Tone Composition" (1955); "Twelve-Tone Invariants as Compositional Determinants" (1960); and "Set Structure as a Compositional Determinant" (1961)	Serialism	^[162]
	1917–2004	Musical Form and Musical Performance (1968)	Musical analysis	^[163]
	1917–1965	Taṣwīr al-Alḥān al-‘Arabiyyah (1950) [The transposition of Arab melodies]	Division of the octave into 24 quarter tones, transposition of the Arabic maqam	^[164]
	1921–1984	Spetsifika strukturï khorovogo proizvedeniya ('Specifics of the Structure of a Choral Work', Moscow, 1981) and Ėpicheskaya poėma’ Germana Galïnina: estetiko-analisticheskiye pazmïshleniya ('The Epic Poem of German Galïnin: Aesthetic-Analytic Reflections', Moscow, 1986)	Leading Soviet theorist who create a complex yet structurally integrated system of music analysis that was built on combining theories developed by Ernst Kurth, Boris Asafyev, Hugo Riemann, and Johannes Bobrowski.	^[165]
	1922–2001	Formalized Music (1963)	Writing on music composition based on math	^[166]
	1923–2009	Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization (1953)	Pioneering music theory systems centered around jazz	^[167]
	1923–1989
	1925–1993	Bartók's Style (1955)	Musical analysis, particularly of Béla Bartók's works, such as with the axis system	^[168]
	1926–2014	Tonal Harmony (1962)	Musical analysis, Schenkerian analysis and set theory	^[169]
	1927–2019	"Pitch Frames as Melodic Archetypes" (2006)	Cognitive and perceptual foundations of music	^[170]
Wallace Berry	1928–1991	Structural Functions in Music (1976); Musical Structure and Performance (1989)	Musical analysis, particularly on formal structure	^[171]
	1928–2007	Mode and Raga (1958); "Mode" in Grove 1980	Comparisons of the Western and Indian classical traditions, particularly on modes and ragas. Also research on the use of musical theory to convey drama in Italian opera	^[172]
	born 1932	Harmony and Voice Leading (1979; with Edward Aldwell)	Schenkerian analysis	^[173]
	1933–2003	Generalized Musical Intervals and Transformations (1987)	Transformational theory	^[174]
	born 1934	Language as a Music: Six Marginal Pretexts for Composition (1981)		^[175]
Robert Porter Morgan	born 1934	Anthology of Twentieth-Century Music (1992)	Musical analysis of 20th-century classical music	^[176]
	1938–2006	Harmony and Voice Leading (1979; with Carl Schachter)		^[177]
	1938–2014		Schenkerian analysis	^[178]
	born 1939	Tonal Harmony (1984)		^[179]
	born 1943	A Generative Theory Of Tonal Music (1983; with Ray Jackendoff)	Generative theory of tonal music	^[180] ^[181]
	born 1945	Readings in Schenker Analysis (1975); The Stratification of Musical Rhythm (1976)	Rhythmic stratification and Schenkerian analysis	^[182]
	born 1946	Elements of Sonata Theory (2006; with Warren Darcy)	Sonata theory	^[183]
	born 1948	Classical Form (1998)	Analysis of classical period music	^[184]
Willie Anku	1949–2010	"Circles and time: a theory of structural organisation of rhythm in African music" (2000)		^[185]
	born 1952		Analysis of the music of Bach
	born 1955	Audacious Euphony (2012)	Rhythm and atonal pitch-class theories	^[186]
	born 1956	Playing with signs (1991); African Rhythm, A Northern Ewe Perspective (1995)	Musical semiotics and musical analysis	^[187]
Timothy L. Jackson	born 1958		Schenkerian analysis	^[188]
	born 1959	The Theory and Technique of Electronic Music (2007)	Max (software), Pure Data
Philip Ewell	born 1966	Music Theory and the White Racial Frame (2020)	Race in music, Russian and twentieth century music, as well as rap and hip hop	^[189]
Ellie Hisama		Gendering Musical Modernism: The Music of Ruth Crawford, Marion Bauer, and Miriam Gideon (2007)	Gender, race, and sexuality in music theory. Popular music	^[190]
Suzannah Clark	born 1969	Music theory and natural order from the Renaissance to the early twentieth century (2001)	Franz Schubert, history of music theory, medieval music	^[191]
	born 1969	A Geometry of Music (2010)	Proposed framework for considering tonality	^[192]

References

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• Barker . Andrew . Andrew Barker (classicist) . 2009 . Musical Theory and Philosophy: The Case of Archestratus . . 54 . 4/5 . 390–422 . 10.1163/003188609X12486562883255 . 40387997 .
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• Farmer . Henry George . Henry George Farmer . February 1930 . Greek Theorists of Music in Arabic Translation . . 13 . 2 . 325–333 . 10.1086/346459 . 224649 . 144970328 .
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• Goodman . Howard L. . Lien . Y. Edmund . April 2009 . A Third Century AD Chinese System of Di-Flute Temperament: Matching Ancient Pitch-Standards and Confronting Modal Practice . . Galpin Society . 62 . 3–24 . 20753625 .
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• Book: Yudkin, Jeremy . 1989 . Music in Medieval Europe . 1st . . Upper Saddle River . 978-0-13-608192-0 .
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Notes and References

1. Book: Eggington, Tim. The Advancement of Music in Enlightenment England: Benjamin Cooke and the Academy of Ancient Music. 2014. Boydell & Brewer. 978-1-84383-906-4. 10.7722/j.ctt6wpbkt.
2. Encyclopedia: Barbera . André . 2013 . 2001 . . Archytas of Tarentum . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01183 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
3. Encyclopedia: Bélis . Annie . 2001 . . Aristoxenus . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01248 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
4. Book: Plant . Ian Michael . 2004 . [{{google books|plainurl=y|id=uYGay_yqBLUC}} Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology ]. . Norman . 978-0-8061-3621-9 . 87–89 .
5. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Eratosthenes . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08909 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
6. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Didymos . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07752 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
7. Encyclopedia: Katz . Jonathan . 2001 . . Bharata . . Oxford . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48131 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
8. Encyclopedia: Levin . Flora R. . Flora Levin. 2001 . . Nicomachus [Nikomachos] of Gerasa ]. . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.19911 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
9. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Ptolemy . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22510 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
10. Encyclopedia: Solomon . Jon . 2001 . . Cleonides . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05944 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
11. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Theon of Smyrna . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27806 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
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14. Encyclopedia: Mathiesen . Thomas J. . Thomas J. Mathiesen . 2016 . 2001 . . Alypius . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00718 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
15. Encyclopedia: Mathiesen . Thomas J. . Thomas J. Mathiesen . 2001 . . Aristides Quintilianus . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01244 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
16. Book: Barbour, James Murray . 2004 . [{{google books|plainurl=y|id=G-pG77pmlp4C}} Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey ]. Courier Corporation . North Chelmsford . 978-0-486-43406-3 . 55–56 .
17. Encyclopedia: Mathiesen . Thomas J. . Thomas J. Mathiesen . 2001 . . Bacchius . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01661 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
18. Encyclopedia: Gushee . Lawrence . Lawrence Gushee . Revised by Bradley Jon Tucker . 2001 . . Martianus (Minneus Felix) Capella . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17886 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
19. Encyclopedia: Bower . Calvin . 2001 . . Boethius . . Oxford . 4 July 2017 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03386 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
20. Encyclopedia: Bower . Calvin . 2001 . . Cassiodorus . . Oxford . 4 July 2017 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05108 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
21. Encyclopedia: Randel . Don M. . Nadeau . Nils . 2001 . . Isidore of Seville . . Oxford . 19 September 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13934 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
22. [Salma Jayyusi]
23. Web site: HALÎL b. AHMED - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 2021-09-24. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. tr.
24. Book: Pellat. A number of leading orientalists, editors: H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, E. Lévi-Provençal, J. Schacht, ... B. Lewis, Ch.. The encyclopaedia of Islam. 1960. E.J. Brill. 9004127569. New. Leiden. 350.
25. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/00582 Owen Wright, "Kindī, al- [Abū Yūsuf Ya‘qūb]," Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, accessed July 9, 2017 (access by subscription)
26. Book: Meri. Josef W.. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Bacharach. Jere. Routledge. 2005. 0-415-96690-6. pp. 359–60.
27. Encyclopedia: Bellingham . Jane . 2001 . . Aurelian of Réôme . . Oxford . 26 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01536 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
28. Encyclopedia: Gushee . Lawrence . Lawrence Gushee . 2001 . . Johannes Scottus Eriugena . . Oxford . 28 September 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14396 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
29. Encyclopedia: Chartier . Yves . 2001 . . Hucbald of St Amand . . Oxford . 1 September 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13475 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
30. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/19405 Raymond Erickson, "Musica enchiriadis, Scolica enchiriadis," Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, accessed July 9, 2017 (access by subscription)
31. Wright. Owen. 1966. Ibn al-Munajjim and the Early Arabian Modes. The Galpin Society Journal. 19. 27–48. 10.2307/841911. 841911. 0072-0127.
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34. van Reijn (1945) - The epistle on music of the Ikhwan al-Safa, Amnon Shiloah. Published by Tel-Aviv University, 1978
35. Web site: 2008-12-04. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity - Oxford University Press. 2021-07-01. oup.com.
36. Encyclopedia: Palisca . Claude V. . Revised by Dolores Pesce . Dolores . Pesce . 2001 . . Guido of Arezzo . . Oxford . 19 September 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11968 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
37. Encyclopedia: Katz . Jonathan . 2001 . . Abhinavagupta . . Oxford . 29 November 2022 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48135 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
38. Web site: Norton-Wright. Jenny. Notes scribbled in a 14th-century musical treatise trace Aurangzeb's journey from Delhi to Kashmir. 2021-09-24. Scroll.in. en-US.
39. Book: al-Kāfī fī al-mūsīqī. Arabic. 8094884.
40. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Psellus [Psellos], Michael ]. . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22501 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
41. Andrew Hughes, "Aribo [Aribo Scholasticus]," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018). (Access by subscription)
42. Wilhelm von Hirsau, Musica, in: Jacques Paul Migne, Patrologia Latina, vol. 150, cols. 1147–1178
43. Michel Huglo, "Frutolfus of Michelsberg," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
44. Fabian Lochner, "Theogerus of Metz," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
45. Encyclopedia: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Montada. Josép Puig. 2007-09-28. Ibn Bâjja [Avempace]].
46. Charles Burnett, "Hermann of Carinthia [Hermannus Dalmata, Hermannus Sclavus, Hermannus Secundus]", Grove Music Online (accessed 19 September 2021).
47. Sarah Fuller, "Guido of Eu" Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
48. Encyclopedia: Lam . Joseph S.C. . 2001 . . Jiang Kui . . Oxford . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51844 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
49. John L. Snyder, "Theinred of Dover," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
50. Encyclopedia: Waterhouse . David . 2013 . 2001 . . Japan: IV. Religious music: 3. Buddhist . . Oxford . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43335 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
51. Encyclopedia: Katz . Jonathan . 2001 . . Śārṅgadeva . . Oxford . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.48129 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
52. David Russell Williams and C. Matthew Balensuela, Music theory from Boethius to Zarlino: a bibliography and guide (Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 2007) p.
53. Encyclopedia: Hughes . Andrew . 2001 . . Franco of Cologne . . Oxford . 26 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10138 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
54. Translation is in the introduction. https://www.academia.edu/8385855/Turkish_and_Arabic_Bashraf
55. Encyclopedia: Richter . Lukas . 2001 . . Pachymeres, Georgios . . Oxford . 25 September 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20653 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
56. Andrew Hughes, "Egidius [Johannes Aegidius; Juan Gil] de Zamora," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018). (Access by subscription)
57. Frederick Hammond and Edward H. Roesner, "Hieronymus de Moravia [Hieronymus Moravus, Jerome of Moravia, Jerome of Moray ]," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018). (Access by subscription)
58. Rebecca A. Baltzer, "Lambertus, Magister [Pseudo-Aristoteles]," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
59. Andrew Hughes, "Balox, Johannes," Oxford Music Online (accessed 12 February 2018) (access by subscription).
60. [Albert Seay]
61. Joseph Dyer, "Salomo, Elias [Salomon, Hélie]," Oxford Music Online (accessed 13 February 2018) (access by subscription).
62. Web site: Qotb al-Din Sirazi. Encyclopædia Iranica.
63. Encyclopedia: Bent . Margaret . Margaret Bent . Revised by Andrew Wathey . 2018 . 2001 . . Vitry, Philippe de . . Oxford . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29535 . 9781561592630 . subscription . .
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65. Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, "Petrus frater dictus Palma ociosa," Oxford Music Online (accessed 13 February 2018) (access by subscription).
66. Lukas Richter, "Bryennius, Manuel [Bryennios, Manouēl]," Oxford Music Online (accessed 13 February 2018) (access by subscription).
67. Encyclopedia: Herlinger . Jan . 2001 . . Marchetto da Padova . . Oxford . 7 October 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17738 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
68. Encyclopedia: Lefferts . Peter M. . 2001 . . Robert de Handlo . . Oxford . 7 October 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23565 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
69. Encyclopedia: Lefferts . Peter M. . 2001 . . Hanboys [Hauboys], John ]. . Oxford . 7 October 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12300 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
70. Encyclopedia: Florea . Luminita . 2001 . . John of Tewkesbury . . Oxford . 7 October 2020 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40513 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription .
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189. Web site: Philip Ewell – Music – Hunter College . . 21 May 2021 . May 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210521143943/https://music.hunter.cuny.edu/faculty/full-time-faculty/philip-ewell/. dead.
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