List of museums focused on African Americans explained

This is a list of museums in the United States whose primary focus is on African American culture and history. Such museums are commonly known as African American museums. According to scholar Raymond Doswell, an African American museum is "an institution established for the preservation of African-derived culture."

Museums have a mission of "collecting and preserving material on history and cultural heritage." African American museums share these goals with archives, genealogy groups, historical societies, and research libraries. Museums differ from archives, genealogy groups, historical societies, memorials, and research libraries because they have as a basic educational or aesthetic purpose the collection and display of objects, and regular exhibitions for the public. Being open to the public (not just researchers or by appointment) and having regular hours sets museums apart from historical sites or other facilities that may call themselves museums.

History of African American museums in the United States

The first African American museum was the College Museum in Hampton, Virginia, established in 1868. Prior to 1950, there were about 30 museums devoted to African American culture and history in the United States. These were located primarily at historically black colleges and universities or at libraries that had significant African American culture and history collections.

Important collections were developed at Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina; Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee; Howard University in Washington, D.C.; Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania; Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland; Talladega College in Talladega, Alabama; and Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama. Additionally, local historical societies, history clubs, and reading groups in African American communities also collected and displayed African American cultural artifacts.

The first independent, nonprofit African American museums in the United States were The African American Museum in Cleveland, Ohio (founded in 1956), the DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago, Illinois (founded in 1960), and the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan (founded in 1965). Throughout the 1960s, the energy of the American Civil Rights Movement led to numerous local African American museums being founded. Between 1868 and 1991, there were about 150 African American museums established in 37 states.

Since its opening in 2016, the largest African American museum in the United States is the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture. The previous record holder was the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.

List of museums

This is a sortable table. Click on the column you wish it sorted by.

Name	City	State	Founded	References	Image
A. Philip Randolph Pullman Porter Museum	Chicago	Illinois	1995	^[1]
Africa Center, The	New York City (Manhattan)	New York	1984	^[2]
African American Civil War Memorial Museum	Washington	D.C.	1999
African-American Research Library and Cultural Center	Fort Lauderdale	Florida	2002	^[3]
African American Firefighter Museum	Los Angeles	California	1997	^[4]
African American Military History Museum	Hattiesburg	Mississippi	2000	^[5]
African American Multicultural Museum	Scottsdale	Arizona	2005
African American Museum	Dallas	Texas	1974
African American Museum and Library at Oakland	Oakland	California	1994
African American Museum in Cleveland, The	Cleveland	Ohio	1956
African American Museum in Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	1976
African American Museum of Iowa	Cedar Rapids	Iowa	2003
African American Museum of Nassau County	Hempstead	New York	1970	^[6]
African American Museum of the Arts	DeLand	Florida	1994	^[7]
African American Museum of Southern Illinois	Carbondale	Illinois	1997	^[8]
Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society Museum	Jersey City	New Jersey	1984
Alabama State Black Archives Research Center and Museum	Huntsville	Alabama	1990	^[9]
Alexandria Black History Museum	Alexandria	Virginia	1987
America's Black Holocaust Museum	Milwaukee	Wisconsin	1988
Anacostia Museum	Washington	D.C.	1967
Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum	Lynchburg	Virginia	1977	^[10]
APEX (African American Panoramic Experience) Museum	Atlanta	Georgia	1978
Armstead T. Johnson High School	Montross	Virginia	2000	^[11]
Backstreet Cultural Museum	New Orleans	Louisiana	1999	^[12]
Banneker-Douglass Museum	Annapolis	Maryland	1984
Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and Museum	Oella	Maryland	1998	^[13]
Beck Cultural Exchange Center	Knoxville, Tennessee	Tennessee	1975	^[14]
Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural Museum	Seneca	South Carolina	2015	^[15]
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute	Birmingham	Alabama	1992
Black American West Museum and Heritage Center	Denver	Colorado	1971	^[16]
Black Cowboy Museum	Rosenberg	Texas	2017	^[17]
Black History 101 Mobile Museum	Detroit	Michigan	1995	^[18]
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia	Richmond	Virginia	1981
Blanchard House Museum	Punta Gorda	Florida	2004	^[19]
Bontemps African American Museum	Alexandria	Louisiana	1988
Brazos Valley African American Museum	Bryan	Texas	2006	^[20]
Bronzeville Children's Museum	Chicago	Illinois	1998	^[21]
Buffalo Soldiers National Museum	Houston	Texas	2000	^[22]
California African American Museum	Los Angeles	California	1981
Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History	Detroit	Michigan	1965
Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum	Sedalia	North Carolina	1987	^[23]
Clemson Area African American Museum	Clemson	South Carolina	2010	^[24]
Crispus Attucks Museum	Indianapolis	Indiana	1998	^[25]
Delta Cultural Center	Helena	Arkansas	1991	^[26]
Destination Crenshaw	Los Angeles	California	2019	^[27]
Dorchester Academy and Museum	Midway	Georgia	2004	^[28]
Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American History Museum	St. Petersburg	Florida	2006	^[29]
DuSable Museum of African American History	Chicago	Illinois	1960
Eddie Mae Herron Center and Museum	Pocahontas	Arkansas	2001	^[30]
Ely Educational Museum	Pompano Beach	Florida	2000	^[31]
Evansville African American Museum	Evansville	Indiana	2007	^[32]
Finding Our Roots African American Museum	Houma	Louisiana	2017	^[33]
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site	Washington	D.C.	1962	^[34]
Freedom House Museum	Alexandria	Virginia	2008	^[35]
Freedom Rides Museum	Montgomery	Alabama	1962	^[36]
George Washington Carver Museum, The	Tuskegee	Alabama	1941	^[37]
George Washington Carver Museum	Phoenix	Arizona	1980	^[38]
George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center	Austin	Texas	1980
George Washington Carver National Monument	Newton County	Missouri	1960	^[39]
Great Blacks in Wax Museum	Baltimore	Maryland	1983	^[40]
Great Plains Black History Museum	Omaha	Nebraska	1975	^[41]
Griot Museum of Black History, The	St. Louis	Missouri	1997	^[42]
Hammonds House Museum	Atlanta	Georgia	1988	^[43]
Hampton University Museum	Hampton	Virginia	1988	^[44]
Harriet Tubman Museum	Cape May	New Jersey	2020	^[45]
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor Center	Church Creek	Maryland	2017	^[46]
Harvey B. Gantt Center	Charlotte	North Carolina	1974	^[47]
Henderson Institute Historical Museum	Henderson	North Carolina	1986	^[48]
Hotel Metropolitan Museum	Paducah	Kentucky		^[49]
Houston Museum of African American Culture	Houston	Texas	2012	^[50]
Howard County Center of African American Culture	Columbia	Maryland	1987	^[51]
Idaho Black History Museum	Boise	Idaho	1995	^[52]
International African American Museum	Charleston	South Carolina	2023	^[53] ^[54]
International Civil Rights Center and Museum	Greensboro	North Carolina	2010	^[55]
Jacob Fontaine Religious Museum	Austin	Texas	2004	^[56]
Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia	Big Rapids	Michigan	1996	^[57]
John Johnson House	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	1997	^[58]
John E. Rogers African American Cultural Center	Hartford	Connecticut	1991	^[59]
John G. Riley Center/Museum of African American History and Culture	Tallahassee	Florida	1996	^[60]
Josephine School Community Museum	Berryville	Virginia	2003	^[61]
Kansas African-American Museum	Wichita	Kansas	1997	^[62]
L.E. Coleman African-American Museum	Halifax County, Virginia	Virginia	2005	^[63]
LaVilla Museum	Jacksonville	Florida	1999	^[64]
Legacy Museum, The	Montgomery	Alabama	2018	^[65]
Legacy Museum of African American History	Lynchburg	Virginia	2000	^[66]
Lewis H. Latimer House	New York City (Queens)	New York	2004	^[67]
Lincolnville Museum and Cultural Center	St. Augustine	Florida	2005	^[68]
Louis Armstrong House	New York City (Queens)	New York	2003	^[69]
Mariposa Museum & World Cultural Center	Peterborough	New Hampshire	2002	^[70]
Mariposa Museum in Oak Bluffs (Mariposa Museum & World Cultural Center)	Oak Bluffs	Massachusetts	2019	^[71]
Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Visitors Center	Atlanta	Georgia	1996	^[72]
Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site	Washington	D.C.	1979	^[73]
Mary McLeod Bethune Home	Daytona Beach	Florida	1956
Mary S. Harrell Black Heritage Museum	New Smyrna Beach	Florida	1999	^[74]
Mayme A. Clayton Library and Museum	Culver City	California	2010	^[75]
McLemore House African-American Museum	Franklin	Tennessee	2002	^[76]
Mississippi Civil Rights Museum	Jackson	Mississippi	2017	^[77] ^[78]
MoCADA	New York City (Brooklyn)	New York	1999	^[79]
Mosaic Templars Cultural Center	Little Rock	Arkansas	2008	^[80]
Muhammad Ali Center	Louisville	Kentucky	2005	^[81]
Museum of African American History & Abiel Smith School	Boston	Massachusetts	1964	^[82]
Museum of the African Diaspora	San Francisco	California	2005	^[83]
Nash House Museum	Buffalo	New York	2003	^[84]
Natchez Museum of African American History and Culture	Natchez	Mississippi	1991	^[85]
National African American Archives and Museum	Mobile	Alabama	1992	^[86]
National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center	Wilberforce	Ohio	1987	^[87]
National Center for Civil and Human Rights	Atlanta	Georgia	2014
National Center of Afro-American Artists	Roxbury	Massachusetts	1969	^[88]
National Civil Rights Museum	Memphis	Tennessee	1991	^[89]
National Museum of African American History and Culture	Washington	D.C.	2016	^[90]
National Museum of African American Music	Nashville	Tennessee	2013	^[91]
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center	Cincinnati	Ohio	2004	^[92]
National Voting Rights Museum	Selma	Alabama	1991	^[93]
Negro Leagues Baseball Museum	Kansas City	Missouri	1990	^[94]
Negro Southern League Museum	Birmingham	Alabama	2014	^[95]
New Orleans African American Museum	New Orleans	Louisiana	1988	^[96]
Newsome House Museum and Cultural Center	Newport News	Virginia	1991	^[97]
Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center	Niagara Falls	New York	2018	^[98]
Northeast Louisiana Delta African American Heritage Museum	Monroe	Louisiana	1994	^[99]
Northwest African American Museum	Seattle	Washington	2008	^[100]
Odell S. Williams Now And Then African-American Museum	Baton Rouge	Louisiana	2001	^[101]
Old Dillard Museum	Fort Lauderdale	Florida	1995	^[102]
Omenala Griot Afrocentric Teaching Museum	Atlanta	Georgia	1992	^[103]
Oran Z's Black Facts and Wax Museum	Los Angeles	California	2000	^[104]
Paul R. Jones Collection of African American Art	Newark	Delaware	2004	^[105]
Philadelphia Doll Museum	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	1988	^[106]
Poindexter Village Museum and Cultural Center	Columbus	Ohio	Planned	^[107]
Pope House Museum	Raleigh	North Carolina	2011	^[108]
Portsmouth Colored Community Library Museum	Portsmouth	Virginia	2013	^[109]
Prince George's African American Museum and Cultural Center	North Brentwood	Maryland	2010	^[110]
Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum	Savannah	Georgia	1996	^[111]
Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture	Baltimore	Maryland	2005	^[112]
River Road African American Museum	Donaldsonville	Louisiana	1994	^[113]
Rosa Parks Museum	Montgomery	Alabama	2000	^[114]
Rural African American Museum	Opelousas	Louisiana	2018	^[115]
Sandy Ground Historical Museum	New York City (Staten Island)	New York	1994	^[116]
Scott Joplin House State Historic Site	St. Louis	Missouri	1983	^[117]
Scottsboro Boys Museum and Cultural Center	Scottsboro	Alabama	2010	^[118]
Slave Haven Underground Railroad Museum	Memphis	Tennessee	1997	^[119]
Slave Mart Museum	Charleston	South Carolina	1938	^[120]
Smith-Robertson Museum and Cultural Center	Jackson	Mississippi	1984	^[121]
Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and Museum	Tallahassee	Florida	1976	^[122]
Spady Cultural Heritage Museum	Delray Beach	Florida	2001	^[123]
Spelman College Museum of Fine Art	Atlanta	Georgia	1996	^[124]
Springfield and Central Illinois African-American History Museum	Springfield	Illinois	2012	^[125]
Studio Museum in Harlem	New York City (Manhattan)	New York	1968	^[126]
Swift Museum	Rogersville	Tennessee	2008	^[127]
Tangipahoa African American Heritage Museum	Hammond	Louisiana	2007	^[128]
Taylor House Museum of Historic Frenchtown	Tallahassee	Florida	2011	^[129]
Tubman African American Museum	Macon	Georgia	1981	^[130]
Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site	Tuskegee	Alabama	2008	^[131]
Tuskegee Airmen National Museum	Detroit	Michigan	1987	^[132]
Underground Railroad Museum at Belmont Mansion	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	2007	^[133]
Weeksville Heritage Center	New York City (Brooklyn)	New York	2005	^[134]
Wells' Built Museum	Orlando	Florida	2001	^[135]
Whitney Plantation	St. John the Baptist Parish	Louisiana	2014	^[136]
Willam V. Banks Broadcast Museum	Detroit	Michigan	2017	^[137]
Zion Union Heritage Museum	Hyannis	Massachusetts	2008	^[138]
Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts	Eatonville	Florida	2017	^[139]
Minnesota African American Heritage Museum and Gallery	Minneapolis	Minnesota	2018	^[140]
Seek Museum	Russellville	Kentucky	2016	^[141]

See also

• African American Museum (disambiguation)
• African-American Heritage Sites
• Museums of the African diaspora

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

• Book: Alexander, Edward P.. The Museum in America: Innovators and Pioneers. Walnut Creek, Calif.. AltaMira Press. 1997. 9780761989462.
• Book: Burcaw, George Ellis. Introduction to Museum Work. Walnut Creek, Calif.. Altamira Press. 1997. 9780761989257. registration.
• Book: Coleman, Christy. African American Museums in the Twenty-first Century. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Genoways. Hugh H.. Lanham, Md.. Altamira Press. 2006. 9780759107533.
• Book: Curtis, Nancy C.. Black Heritage Sites: An African American Odyssey and Finder's Guide. Chicago. American Library Association. 1996. 9780838906439.
• Book: Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo. African American History Reconsidered. Urbana, Ill.. University of Illinois Press. 2010. 9780252035210.
• Book: Duty. Michael W.. Penn. Elan. Dallas & Fort Worth: A Pictorial Celebration. New York. Sterling Publishing Co.. 2007. 9781402725616.
• Book: Evelyn. Douglas E.. Dickson. Paul. Ackerman. S.J.. On This Spot: Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C.. Sterling, Va.. Capital Books. 2008. 9780918339744.
• Book: Dickerson, Amina J.. African American Museums and the New Century: Challenges in Leadership. Leadership for the Future: Changing Directorial Roles in American History Museums and Historical Societies: Collected Essays. Tolles. Bryant Franklin. Alexander. Edward P.. Nashville. American Association for State and Local History. 1991. 9780942063110.
• Doswell. Raymond. Evaluating Educational Value in Museum Exhibitions: Establishing an Evaluation Process for the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Ed.D.. Department of Educational Leadership, Kansas State University. 9780549598282. 2008.
• Book: Holland, Jesse J.. Black Men Built the Capitol: Discovering African-American History In and Around Washington, D.C.. Guilford, Conn.. Globe Pequot Press. 2007. 9780762751921. registration.
• Book: Hornsby, Alton. Black America: A State-By-State Historical Encyclopedia. Volume 1: A—M. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC-CLIO. 2011. 9780313341120.
• Book: Huntington, Tom. Ben Franklin's Philadelphia: A Guide. Mechanicsburg, Pa.. Stackpole Books. 2006. 9780811732826.
• Book: Lefever. Harry G.. Page. Michael C.. Sacred Places: A Guide to the Civil Rights Sites in Atlanta, Georgia. Macon, Ga.. Mercer University Press. 2008. 9780881461213. registration.
• Book: Lurie. Maxine N.. Mappen. Mark. Encyclopedia of New Jersey. New Brunswick, N.J.. Rutgers University Press. 2004. 9780813533254.
• Book: Mjagkij, Nina. Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations. Florence, Ky.. Taylor & Francis. 2001. 9780203801192.
• Book: Pulliam, Ted. Historic Alexandria: An Illustrated History. San Antonio, Tex.. Historical Publishing Network. 2011. 9781935377412.
• Book: Romano, Renee C.. The Civil Rights Movement in American Memory. Athens, Ga.. University of Georgia Press. 2006. 9780820325385. registration.
• Book: Selz, Peter Howard. Art of Engagement: Visual Politics in California and Beyond. Berkeley, Calif.. University of California Press. 2006. 9780520240537.
• Book: Shuman, Robert Baird. Great American Writers, Twentieth Century. Volume 2: Benét—Cather. New York. Marshall Cavendish. 2002. 9780761472407.
• Book: Sisson, Richard. The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Bloomington, Ind.. Indiana University Press. 2006. 9780253003492.
• Book: Woodford, Arthur M.. This Is Detroit, 1701–2001. Detroit. Wayne State University Press. 2001. 9780814329146.

External links

• Association of African American Museums

Notes and References

1. News: Petrosino. Frankie J.. Museum and Online Registry Preserve Story of Black Railroad Porters. The Crisis. September–October 2003. 10.
2. News: Glueck. Grace. Show From France Opens New Center for African Art. The New York Times. September 21, 1984. C1.
3. Smith. Henrietta M.. The African-American Research Library and Cultural Center of the Broward County Library: Building Bridges and Beyond. Reference and User Services Quarterly. Fall 2002. 21.
4. News: Watch 'Visiting with Huell Howser': 'Fire Museum'. KCET. February 20, 2008. May 13, 2015.
5. News: Lowrey. Eric. Hattiesburg's African-American Military History Museum re-opens. WDAM. February 6, 2014. March 11, 2021.
6. News: Rumsey. Spencer. Rhythm and Roots: Nassau's African American Museum Brings History to Life. Long Island Press. January 19, 2014. February 26, 2014.
7. News: Thomas. Ashley D.. DeLand Museum Celebrates 20th Year. Daytona Times. March 12, 2015. June 15, 2019.
8. News: Esch. Janis. African American Museum of Southern Illinois celebrates 20th anniversary. The Southern. September 10, 2017. June 12, 2018.
9. News: Faulk. Kent. Budget Cuts Threaten Goals of Black Archives. Gadsden Times. March 4, 2002. September 7, 2013.
10. News: Faulconer. Justin. Area around Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum added to national historic register. Lynchburg News and Advance. September 8, 2014. August 10, 2015. none.

    News: Higgins. Adrian. A Virginia Haven of the Harlem Renaissance. The Washington Post. July 29, 2014. C1.

11. News: Johnson. Steven. Segregation to Preservation: Northern Neck school made a big difference. Cooperative Living. February 2020. 14–15. March 13, 2021.
12. News: Reckdahl. Katy. With founder ailing, fundraiser will seek to aid Treme's Backstreet Cultural Museum. The Advocate. December 2, 2015. March 11, 2021.
13. News: Levine. Susan. A Banneker plan: Museums named for scientist to be lent artifacts. The Washington Post. January 4, 1997. B1. none.

    News: Dianne. Burch. Picture This: Vintage Poster Promotes a Nearby National Treasure: America's first African-American man of science made his home in Oella. Catonsville Patch. June 5, 2012. July 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160719160002/http://patch.com/maryland/catonsville/picture-this-vintage-poster-promotes-a-nearby-national-treasure. July 19, 2016.

14. News: Moore. Hannah. Beck Cultural Center preserves Black history in Knoxville. WATE. October 4, 2021. March 29, 2022.
15. News: Dorsett. Chad. Ribbon cutting at Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural Museum. WSNW. November 17, 2015. December 1, 2016.
16. News: Wenzel. John. Paul Stewart, founder of Black American West Museum, dies at 89. The Denver Post. November 12, 2015. December 6, 2015.
17. News: Nir. Sarah Maslin. Restoring Black Cowboys to the Range. The New York Times. September 14, 2019. September 15, 2019.
18. News: McCollum. Brian. Ex-DPS Teacher's Black History 101 Mobile Museum Carves a Niche. Detroit Free Press. February 28, 2012. March 2, 2012.
19. News: Kridel. Kristen. Blanchard House reopens. Sarasota Herald Tribune. February 5, 2006. March 8, 2021.
20. News: Welch. Arena. Museum celebrates a dream on opening day. The Brazos Valley Eagle. July 26, 2006. September 22, 2017.
21. Web site: Mathie. Frank. Bronzeville Children's Museum reopens after move. WLS-TV. August 18, 2008. May 11, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629025432/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=6335587. June 29, 2011. live.
22. News: Buffalo Soldiers National Museum opens in Houston. ABC13 News. November 11, 2012. November 14, 2015.
23. News: Griffith. Andrea. Charlotte Hawkins Brown remembered during luncheon. Greensboro News & Record. June 13, 2006. March 11, 2021.
24. News: Freishtat. Sarah. Clemson Area African American Museum looks to the future. The Independent Mail. July 27, 2014. December 6, 2015.
25. Encyclopedia: Crispus Attucks Museum . Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis . December 2022 . Verderame . Jyoti A. . Indianapolis Public Library . June 9, 2024.
26. Knutson, Karen. "Arkansas Primer: It's Now on the Map, Thanks to Bill Clinton." Chicago Sun-Times. October 11, 1992.
27. News: Destination Crenshaw art project aims to reclaim the neighborhood for black L.A.. Easter. Makeda. 2019-01-30. Los Angeles Times. en-US. 2020-02-29.
28. Marten, Charlotte. "Dorchester Had Important Role in Civil Rights History." Coastal Courier. February 3, 2012.
29. Wilson, Jon. "Museum Will Open Eyes to Black History." St. Petersburg Times. March 16, 2006.
30. News: February Is Black History Month. Pocahontas Star Herald. February 4, 2021. March 8, 2021.
31. News: Huriash. Lisa J.. Ely Museum Poised for First Tour. South Florida Sun Sentinel. September 24, 2000. March 8, 2021. none.

    News: Erblat. Austen. Called to the principal's house: Museum honors Pompano Beach educational pioneer Blanche Ely. South Florida Sun Sentinel. March 23, 2019. March 8, 2021.

32. News: Martin. John T.. Porter retiring as African American Museum celebrates 10 years. Evansville Courier-Press. December 4, 2017. September 4, 2020.
33. News: Naquin. Nikki. The Finding Our Roots African American Museum gaining popularity. Houma Today. August 9, 2018. October 2, 2018.
34. Moker, Molly. The Official Guide to America's National Parks. New York, N.Y.: Fodors Travel, 2009, p. 106.
35. News: Sullivan. Patricia. 'Like we descended from Hitler': Coming to terms with a slave-trading past. The Washington Post. February 8, 2018. March 12, 2021.
36. News: Shaer. Matthew. In America's Deep South, a front seat for Freedom Riders. Christian Science Monitor. July 13, 2011. March 8, 2021.
37. Kremer, Gary R. George Washington Carver: A Biography. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood, 2011, p. 173.
38. Melendez, Mel. "Carver Museum Puts Spotlight on Black History." Arizona Republic. January 27, 2006.
39. Book: Toogood, Anna Coxe. George Washington Carver National Monument, Diamond, Missouri: Historic Resource Study and Administrative History. Denver. Denver Service Center, Historic Preservation Team, National Park Service. 1973. 68–69.
40. The museum opened in 1983, but closed in 1985 due to space limitations. It reopened in larger quarters in 1988. Some sources use the 1988 date as the museum's founding. See: Harley-Adams, Sandra. "Baltimore's Black Wax Museum." The Crisis. February 1989, p. 12.
41. Danilov, Victor J. Women and Museums: A Comprehensive Guide. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 2005, p. 238.
42. News: Fowler. Nancy. Urban League and Griot Museum join forces to keep African-American history alive in St. Louis. St. Louis Public Radio. May 20, 2016. October 6, 2017.
43. News: Whittaker. K.D.. Myrna Fuller, Art Advocate, Retires From The Hammonds House Museum. Atlanta Daily World. May 11, 2017. June 9, 2018.
44. News: Hammond. Jane. Explore 150 years of Hampton University history in new exhibit. Hampton Daily Press. January 20, 2018. March 13, 2021.
45. News: Weisstuch. Liza. Six new museums that are opening amid the pandemic. The Washington Post. October 2, 2020. October 5, 2020.
46. News: Ruane. Michael E.. Harriet Tubman fled a life of slavery in Maryland. Now a new visitor center opens on the land she escaped. The Washington Post. March 4, 2017. March 6, 2017.
47. News: Washburn. Mark. Vivian and John Hewitt Built the Art Collection That Led to the Building of Harvey B. Gantt Center. The Charlotte Observer. October 25, 2009. 1A.
48. News: Irvine. David. Museum curator is leaving 'a labor of love'. Henderson Dispatch. March 1, 2021. March 11, 2021.
49. Web site: West . Joyce . February 15, 2015 . Paducah’s Hotel Metropolitan . Kentucky Educational Television (KET).
50. Web site: Saavedra . Ninfa . 2023-06-09 . Observe Juneteenth by donating to these historical African American sites preserving history in Houston . 2024-02-21 . KPRC . en.
51. News: Thanks to Burch's efforts, African American culture lives on in Howard County. The Baltimore Sun. September 7, 2012. March 11, 2021.
52. Burden, Paul R. A Subject Guide to Quality Web Sites. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 321.
53. News: Boeing gives $500K to Charleston's African American museum. Wren. David. Charleston Post and Courier. November 4, 2015. December 6, 2015. none.

    News: Museum project gets big gift in name of NAACP President Dot Scott. Parker. Adam. Charleston Post and Courier. August 21, 2015. December 6, 2015.

54. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions . International African American Museum . 11 June 2023.
55. Minchin, Timothy J. and Salmond, John A. After the Dream: Black and White Southerners Since 1965. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 2011, p. 259.
56. News: Sheth. Tachna. History in a Satchel. Austin American-Statesman. November 9, 2004. B1.
57. News: Gilson. Dave. These Racist Collectibles Will Make Your Skin Crawl. Mother Jones. March–April 2016. January 15, 2021. none.

    News: Wise. Carrie. Racist Signs and Toys Teach Tolerance at Jim Crow Museum. WCPN. January 15, 2021. January 15, 2021.

58. News: Peters. Monica. Historical Significance of Johnson House's Juneteenth Festival in Germantown. Philadelphia Sun. June 17, 2016. March 13, 2021.
59. Amaral, Jorge. "Making Room for History." Hartford Courant. May 20, 2005; Goode, Steven. "Grand Vision For Hartford's Northwest School." Hartford Courant. October 2, 2010.
60. "Riley House Receives Collection of Abolitionist Papers." Black Issues in Higher Education. October 7, 2004, p. 13.
61. Book: Lee, Anne Carter. Buildings of Virginia: Valley, Piedmont, Southside and Southwest. Charlottesville, Va.. University of Virginia Press. 2015. 9780813935652. 55.
62. "Cochran Brings Group a Message of 'Excellence'." Wichita Eagle. November 7, 1999.
63. "L. E. Coleman Museum Opens This Saturday." The Gazette-Virginian. October 14, 2005.
64. http://jacksonville.com/entertainment/arts/2009-09-14/story/ritz_theatre_celebrates_10_years_back_in_business_in_lavilla#ixzz1o4thdk3c Bull, Roger. "Ritz Theatre Celebrates 10 Years Back in Business in LaVilla."
65. News: Elliot. Debbie. New Lynching Memorial Is A Space 'To Talk About All Of That Anguish'. NPR. April 26, 2018. April 28, 2018.
66. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kjIzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QwgGAAAAIBAJ&pg=5278%2C4047402 Brezus, Kia Shant'e. "Planting Historical Feet."
67. Book: Diamonstein, Barbaralee. Landmarks of New York: An Illustrated Record of the City's Historic Buildings. Albany, N.Y.. State University of New York Press. 2011. 9781438437712. 299.
68. News: Gardner. Sheldon. Lincolnville museum officials seeking major upgrades. St. Augustine Record. March 20, 2016. March 8, 2021.
69. News: Dunlap. David W.. For a King of Jazz, a Castle in Queens. The New York Times. October 9, 2003. June 3, 2019.
70. Regan, Shelby. History, culture, and sculpture. MV Times. July 20, 2020. https://www.mvtimes.com/2020/07/20/history-culture-sculpture/
71. Regan, Shelby. History, culture, and sculpture. MV Times. July 20, 2020. https://www.mvtimes.com/2020/07/20/history-culture-sculpture/
72. While the national historic site was designated in 1980, the museum in the visitors center was not constructed until 1996. See: Scott, David Logan and Scott, Kay Woelfel. Guide to the National Park Areas: Eastern States. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2004, p. 55; Davis, Ren and Davis, Helen. Atlanta Walks: A Comprehensive Guide to Walking, Running, and Bicycling the Area's Scenic and Historic Locales. Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, 2011, p. 26.
73. Holland, p. 93.
74. News: Redd. Robert. Historic Sites and Landmarks of New Smyrna Beach. Charleston, S.C.. The History Press. 2015. 9781626197664. 67.
75. http://culvercity.patch.com/articles/new-exhibit-at-mayme-a-clayton-library-and-museum-celebrates-the-freedom-ride Johnson, Winter. "'Freedom Ride' Celebrated at Mayme A. Clayton Library and Museum."
76. News: Thompson. Austin. Harvey McLemore House is open for regular hours; descendents tell rich history. Williamson Herald. April 26, 2017. March 13, 2021.
77. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/20/us/african-american-museums-rising-to-recognize-civil-rights.html Severson, Kim. "New Museums to Shine a Spotlight on Civil Rights Era."
78. http://www.jacksonfreepress.com/index.php/site/comments/museum_needs_civil_rights_stories_01272012/ Waibel, Elizabeth. "Museum Needs Civil Rights Stories."
79. News: Pogrebin. Robin. Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts to Move to Larger New Space in Brooklyn. The New York Times. May 27, 2015. June 3, 2019.
80. Davis, Ryan. "A Cultural Icon Rises From the Ashes in Historic Little Rock." The Crisis. Summer 2009, p. 39-40.
81. "Muhammad Ali Returns Home for Center Dedication." Jet. December 12, 2005, p. 52.
82. Kaufman, Polly Welts. Boston Women's Heritage Trail: Seven Self-Guided Walking Tours Through Four Centuries of Boston Women's History. Boston: Boston Women's Heritage Trail, 2006, p. 36.
83. Bertho, Michelle; Crawford, Beverly; and Fogarty, Edward A. The Impact of Globalization on the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2008, p. 46.
84. News: A Closer Look: The Nash House Museum, a time capsule of Buffalo's black history. Buffalo News. February 24, 2021. March 11, 2021.
85. http://www.todayinmississippi.com/index.php/special_feature/article/3796 Natchez museum showcases African American heritage
86. Web site: National African-American Archives and Multicultural Museum. Encyclopedia of Alabama. 2021. February 9, 2022.
87. Ruffings, Fath Davis. "Culture Wars Won and Lost, Part II: Ethnic Museums on the Mall." Radical History Review. June 1998, p. 80.
88. Lafo, Rachel Rosenfield; Capasso, Nicholas J.; and Uhrhane, Jennifer. Painting in Boston, 1950–2000. Lincoln, Mass.: DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, 2002, p. 36.
89. "Civil Rights Museum Opens in Memphis." Jet. July 22, 1991, p. 14.
90. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/african-american-museum-groundbreaking-showcases-living-history/2012/02/21/gIQAQGafTR_story.html Trescott, Jacqueline. "African American Museum Groundbreaking Showcases Living History."
91. News: Study: African American Music Museum Could Have $9.1M Annual Impact. Nashville Post. February 22, 2012. March 3, 2012. none.

    News: Garrison. Joy. African-American Museum Gets New Name, Music-Only Focus. Nashville City Paper. September 1, 2011. March 3, 2012.

92. "National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Opens In Cincinnati." Jet. September 13, 2004, p. 4-13.
93. News: Katayama. Danny. Grassroots museum honors movement for voting rights. The Jackson Sun. April 3, 1993. 7. January 7, 2018.
94. Some sources claim the museum did not open until 1997. The museum moved to new quarters in 1997, but opened in 1990. See: Rielly, Edward J. Baseball in the Classroom: Essays on Teaching the National Pastime. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2006, p. 34; Pahigian, Josh. 101 Baseball Places to Visit Before You Strike Out. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2008, p. 9.
95. https://www.birminghamnslm.org/ Negro Southern League Museum.
96. Carr, Martha. "African-American Museum Closed." Times-Picayune. November 1, 2003.
97. News: Carroll. Fred. Carrie Brown Residence to House Library. Newport News Daily Press. February 26, 2001. March 13, 2021.
98. News: Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center opens for visitors. Mroziak. Michael. 2018-05-27. en.
99. http://www.blackenterprise.com/2010/06/17/museum-offers-historic-walk-through-black-culture/ McCrea, Bridget. "Museum Offers Historic Walk Through Black Culture."
100. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004270321_museum09m.html Gilmore, Susan. "African American Museum Opens to Acclaim."
101. News: Poe. Carmen. Baton Rouge African American museum commemorates Juneteenth. WAFB. June 18, 2017. June 15, 2019.
102. American Association for State and Local History. Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2002, p. 146.
103. News: Fest, Gala Celebrate Museum Drive. CrossRoads News. June 12, 2011. March 8, 2021.
104. http://blogs.laweekly.com/arts/2011/09/oran_zs_black_facts_and_wax_mu.php Lynch, Christopher J. "Oran Z's Black Facts and Wax Museum: A Bizarre, Brutally-Honest African-American History Collection in Baldwin Hills."
105. Anyaso, Hilary Hurd. "African American Art Front and Center." Black Issues in Higher Education. December 2, 2004.
106. News: Weinstein. Susan Parkou. Sisters create state's first black doll convention. Harrisburg Register. May 29, 2008. March 12, 2021.
107. Web site: 'A symbol of hope': The history behind Columbus' Poindexter Village and the fight to preserve it. 10tv.com. February 3, 2021 .
108. News: Gwyn. Olivia. A House With A History. Raleigh Magazine. January 2021. March 11, 2021.
109. News: Bryant. Janie. Portsmouth library-turned-museum gives life to history. Virginian Pilot. November 20, 2013. March 13, 2021.
110. News: Irene. Laura. At Prince George's African American Museum, A New Exhibition Connects D.C.'s Past to the Present. Washington City Paper. March 9, 2017. March 10, 2017.
111. News: Museum Chronicles Savannah's Role in Civil Rights Movement. Deseret News. November 7, 1996. March 8, 2021.
112. Holland, p. 132.
113. Anderson, Katharine. Nature, Culture, and Big Old Trees. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 2003, p. 39.
114. News: Museum Honoring Rosa Parks Opens on Historic Street Corner. The New York Times. December 2, 2000. June 3, 2019.
115. News: Rural African American Museum to host After Hours event. KATC-TV. April 23, 2019. July 24, 2019.
116. News: Sandy Ground: A community founded by free blacks pre-dates the American Civil War. Staten Island Advance. April 21, 2010. June 3, 2019.
117. News: Joplin's Home to Be Restored. Springfield Leader and Press. June 9, 1983. 13. none.

     News: Rice. Patricia. Kids Dig Archeology. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 29, 1991. 37. none. ; News: Rose. Louis J.. Dedication: Home Where Scott Joplin Lived Is Marked As State Historic Site. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. October 7, 1991. A3.

118. News: Seelye. Katharine Q.. Sheila Washington Dies at 61; Helped Exonerate Scottsboro Boys. The New York Times. February 26, 2021. February 27, 2021.
119. News: Floyd. Tanner. A hidden gem: Slave Haven Underground Railroad Museum brings history to life in north Memphis. Memphis Mirror. February 28, 2020. March 13, 2021.
120. The Old Slave Mart Museum has operated on and off since 1938, under various owners. It has, at times, been an art museum, a slave history museum, and other kinds of museum. See: Dixon, Nenie and Bull, Elias. "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Old Slave Mart." February 12, 1975. Accessed May 27, 2010.
121. Brown, Marquita. "Smith Robertson Museum a Cultural Experience." The Clarion-Ledger. February 6, 2011.
122. http://www.thefamuanonline.com/2.10461/black-archives-unveils-new-exhibits-1.1402027#.T1LELfVnUi8 McCloud, Rashad. "Black Archives Unveils New Exhibits."
123. News: Roby. Cynthia. Spady Museum Expansion Is On Track. South Florida Sun Sentinel. February 26, 2006. March 8, 2021.
124. Web site: Fay. Robin. Spelman College Museum of Fine Art. New Georgia Encyclopedia. March 10, 2006. March 8, 2021.
125. Web site: Yeagle . Patrick . March 3, 2016 . So we don't forget: African-American History Museum opens new location . . Springfield, Ill. . June 12, 2018.
126. Web site: Grillo. Jean Bergantino. The Studio Museum in Harlem, a home for the evolving black esthetic. ArtNews. October 1973. June 3, 2019.
127. News: Bobo. Jeff. Soul Food dinner helps keep doors open at Price Public School Community Center. Kingsport Times News. October 11, 2016. March 13, 2021.
128. News: Universities Around the State Celebrate Black History Month With Music, Plays, Forums, Movies and Speakers. Abbeville Meridional. February 4, 2007. 8.
129. News: Ensley. Gerald. Frenchtown's Taylor House added to national register. Tallahassee Democrat. April 13, 2015. March 8, 2021.
130. American Art Directory 2008. New Providence, N.J.: National Register Pub., 2007, p. 107.
131. Harrison, Christine. "Historic Homecoming for Tuskegee Airmen as National Site Opens in Their Honor." Montgomery Advertiser. October 23, 2008.
132. News: Riley. Rochelle. Tuskegee Airmen exhibit could land at Wright Museum. Detroit Free Press. February 28, 2015. July 10, 2018.
133. News: The Mansion and the Underground Railroad. ABC7NY. February 23, 2012. March 13, 2021.
134. 274.
135. News: Kunerth. Jeff. Low-profile Wells' Built Museum struggles for support. Orlando Sentinel. February 17, 2014. January 7, 2018.
136. News: Slavery museum at upriver plantation stirs controversy on both sides of racial divide. Thomas. Eugene. The Lens New Orleans. December 1, 2014. December 6, 2015. none.

     News: Slavery Museum Faces Skeptics. McWhirter. Cameron. The Wall Street Journal. December 7, 2014. December 6, 2015.

137. News: Steinberg. Stephanie. New Detroit museum honors WGPR, blacks in broadcasting. The Detroit News. January 17, 2017. February 26, 2018.
138. News: Roscoe. Lee. A journey to justice. Cape Cod Life. May 2018. March 11, 2021.
139. News: Levy. Art. 'The town that freedom built'. Florida Trend. November 26, 2014. March 8, 2021.
140. https://www.maahmg.org/ Minnesota African American Heritage Museum & Gallery.
141. Web site: Explore SEEK (Struggles for Emancipation and Equality in Kentucky) Museum . 2024-04-08 . Kentucky Tourism . en.