List of moths of Zimbabwe explained
The moths of Zimbabwe represent about 1,000 known moth species. The moths (mostly nocturnal) and butterflies (mostly diurnal) together make up the taxonomic order Lepidoptera.
This is a list of moth species which have been recorded in Zimbabwe.
Adelidae
Alucitidae
Anomoeotidae
Arctiidae
- Acantharctia flavicosta (Hampson, 1900)
- Afrasura indecisa (Walker, 1869)
- Afrospilarctia lucida (Druce, 1898)
- Alpenus investigatorum (Karsch, 1898)
- Alpenus maculosa (Stoll, 1781)
- Alpenus nigropunctata (Bethune-Baker, 1908)
- Amata atricornis (Wallengren, 1863)
- Amata croceizona (Hampson, 1910)
- Amata endocrocis (Hampson, 1903)
- Amata marina (Butler, 1876)
- Amata miozona (Hampson, 1910)
- Amerila affinis (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila bubo (Walker, 1855)
- Amerila lupia (Druce, 1887)
- Amerila mulleri Häuser & Boppré, 1997
- Amsacta grammiphlebia Hampson, 1901
- Anaphosia astrigata Hampson, 1910
- Anaphosia cyanogramma Hampson, 1903
- Apisa grisescens (Dufrane, 1945)
- Boadicea flavimacula Pinhey, 1968
- Caripodia chrysargyria Hampson, 1900
- Ceryx nacliodes Hampson, 1914
- Cyana pretoriae (Distant, 1897)
- Eilema elegans (Butler, 1877)
- Eilema sanguicosta (Hampson, 1901)
- Eilema similipuncta Hampson, 1914
- Epitoxis nigra Hampson, 1903
- Estigmene tenuistrigata (Hampson, 1900)
- Eyralpenus scioana (Oberthür, 1880)
- Lepista aposema Kühne, 2010
- Macrosia chalybeata Hampson, 1901
- Metarctia collocalia Kiriakoff, 1957
- Metarctia crocina (Kiriakoff, 1973)
- Metarctia flavivena Hampson, 1901
- Metarctia quinta (Kiriakoff, 1973)
- Metarctia tenera (Kiriakoff, 1973)
- Micralarctia punctulatum (Wallengren, 1860)
- Ochrota unicolor (Hopffer, 1857)
- Paralacydes bomfordi (Pinhey, 1968)
- Paralacydes destrictus Kühne, 2010
- Paralacydes ramosa (Hampson, 1907)
- Paralpenus flavicosta (Hampson, 1909)
- Paralpenus julius Kühne, 2010
- Phryganopsis cinerella (Wallengren, 1860)
- Poecilarctia venata Aurivillius, 1921
- Popoudina lemniscata (Distant, 1898)
- Pseudonaclia puella (Boisduval, 1847)
- Radiarctia lutescens (Walker, 1854)
- Radiarctia rhodesiana (Hampson, 1900)
- Siccia eberti Kühne, 2007
- Spilosoma bipartita Rothschild, 1933
- Spilosoma gynephaea (Hampson, 1901)
- Spilosoma lentifasciata (Hampson, 1916)
- Spilosoma sinefascia (Hampson, 1916)
- Spilosoma unipuncta (Hampson, 1905)
- Teracotona euprepia Hampson, 1900
- Teracotona metaxantha Hampson, 1909
- Teracotona rhodophaea (Walker, 1865)
- Trichaeta pterophorina (Mabille, 1892)
- Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Zobida avifex Kühne, 2010
Autostichidae
Cecidosidae
Coleophoridae
Cosmopterigidae
Cossidae
Crambidae
- Agathodes musivalis Guenée, 1854
- Ancylolomia albicostalis Hampson, 1919
- Ancylolomia perfasciata Hampson, 1919
- Calamoschoena stictalis Hampson, 1919
- Chilo argyropasta (Hampson, 1919)
- Cotachena smaragdina (Butler, 1875)
- Crambus brachiiferus Hampson, 1919
- Crambus reducta Janse, 1922
- Diasemia monostigma Hampson, 1913
- Ercta scotialis Hampson, 1912
- Euclasta varii Popescu-Gorj & Constantinescu, 1973
- Ischnurges lancinalis (Guenée, 1854)
- Mesolia uniformella Janse, 1922
- Nomophila noctuella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
- Patissa geminalis Hampson, 1919
- Pilocrocis dichocrosialis Hampson, 1912
- Pilocrocis melastictalis Hampson, 1912
- Pilocrocis pterygodia Hampson, 1912
- Prionapteryx flavipars (Hampson, 1919)
- Prionapteryx plumbealis (Hampson, 1919)
- Pyrausta apicalis (Hampson, 1913)
- Pyrausta atricinctalis Hampson, 1913
- Pyrausta gazalis Hampson, 1913
- Pyrausta tetraplagialis Hampson, 1898
Drepanidae
Elachistidae
Eriocottidae
Eupterotidae
Gelechiidae
- Anarsia agricola Walsingham, 1891
- Anarsia balioneura Meyrick, 1921
- Anarsia semnopa Meyrick, 1921
- Aphnogenes zonaea Meyrick, 1921
- Athrips phoenaula (Meyrick, 1913)
- Athrips profusa (Meyrick, 1921)
- Brachmia hemiopa Meyrick, 1921
- Brachmia neurograpta Meyrick, 1921
- Coniogyra dilucescens Meyrick, 1921
- Curvisignella leucogaea (Meyrick, 1921)
- Dichomeris agathopa Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris aphanopa Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris attenta Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris condylodes (Meyrick, 1921)
- Dichomeris erixantha (Meyrick, 1914)
- Dichomeris eustacta Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris hylurga Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris pladarota Meyrick, 1921
- Dichomeris xestobyrsa Meyrick, 1921
- Dicranucha crateropis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Dicranucha nephelopis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Ephysteris promptella (Staudinger, 1859)
- Epicharta chlorophracta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Eporgastis maturata Meyrick, 1921
- Eporgastis syngrapta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Eporgastis torrescens Meyrick, 1921
- Excommatica compsotoma (Meyrick, 1921)
- Gelechia xylophaea Meyrick, 1921
- Hypatima isosema (Meyrick, 1921)
- Lacistodes tauropis Meyrick, 1921
- Leuronoma oenochyta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Macrocalcara undina (Meyrick, 1921)
- Melitoxestis centrotypa Meyrick, 1921
- Microcraspedus synecta (Meyrick, 1909)
- Neopachnistis autophanta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Neopachnistis finitima (Meyrick, 1921)
- Neopachnistis microphanta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Parallactis ochrobyrsa (Meyrick, 1921)
- Parapsectris konradi Bidzilya, 2010
- Polyhymno chionarcha Meyrick, 1913
- Polyhymno hostilis Meyrick, 1918
- Ptilothyris neuroplaca (Meyrick, 1933)
- Radionerva collecta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Schizovalva sphenopis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Stomopteryx bathrarcha Meyrick, 1921
- Telphusa accensa Meyrick, 1921
- Telphusa objecta Meyrick, 1921
- Telphusa syndelta Meyrick, 1921
- Trichotaphe asteropis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Trichotaphe hercogramma Meyrick, 1921
- Trichotaphe homaloxesta Meyrick, 1921
Geometridae
- Acanthovalva bilineata (Warren, 1895)
- Acanthovalva inconspicuaria (Hübner, 1796)
- Androzeugma mollior Prout, 1922
- Aphilopota phanerostigma Prout, 1917
- Aphilopota plethora Prout, 1938
- Ascotis selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
- Biston stringeri (Prout, 1938)
- Cabera aquaemontana (Prout, 1913)
- Cabera strigata (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia abnormata (Prout, 1917)
- Chiasmia costicommata (Prout, 1922)
- Chiasmia curvifascia (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia extrusilinea (Prout, 1925)
- Chiasmia grisescens (Prout, 1916)
- Chiasmia interrupta (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia kilimanjarensis (Holland, 1892)
- Chiasmia marmorata (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia multistrigata (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia normata (Walker, 1861)
- Chiasmia nubilata (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia parallacta (Warren, 1897)
- Chiasmia procidata (Guenée, 1858)
- Chiasmia streniata (Guenée, 1858)
- Chiasmia subcurvaria (Mabille, 1897)
- Cleora betularia (Warren, 1897)
- Cleora munda (Warren, 1899)
- Cleora rostella D. S. Fletcher, 1967
- Coenina poecilaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)
- Colocleora grisea (Janse, 1932)
- Colocleora proximaria (Walker, 1860)
- Comibaena rhodolopha Prout, 1915
- Drepanogynis arcuifera Prout, 1934
- Drepanogynis costipicta (Prout, 1932)
- Drepanogynis crassifurca Krüger, 2002
- Drepanogynis crenilinea Krüger, 2002
- Drepanogynis epione (Prout, 1913)
- Drepanogynis mixtaria Guenée, 1858
- Drepanogynis olivescens (Warren, 1898)
- Drepanogynis tripartita (Warren, 1898)
- Drepanogynis unilineata (Warren, 1897)
- Drepanogynis villaria (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
- Epigynopteryx maeviaria (Guenée, 1858)
- Erastria leucicolor (Butler, 1875)
- Euexia percnopus Prout, 1915
- Eulycia grisea (Warren, 1897)
- Eupithecia rigida Swinhoe, 1892
- Eupithecia semipallida Janse, 1933
- Heterorachis insolens (Prout, 1917)
- Heterostegane bifasciata (Warren, 1914)
- Hypomecis ectropodes (Prout, 1913)
- Idaea heres (Prout, 1932)
- Idiodes flexilinea (Warren, 1898)
- Isoplenodia arabukoensis Sihvonen & Staude, 2010
- Isturgia deerraria (Walker, 1861)
- Isturgia exospilata (Walker, 1861)
- Isturgia spissata (Walker, 1862)
- Lomographa indularia (Guenée, 1858)
- Mauna electa Prout, 1917
- Mauna perquisita Prout, 1922
- Menophra caeca (Prout, 1913)
- Menophra obtusata (Warren, 1902)
- Microligia luteitincta Prout, 1916
- Mimandria cataractae Prout, 1917
- Mimoclystia pudicata (Walker, 1862)
- Neromia clavicornis Prout, 1915
- Omphalucha albosignata Janse, 1932
- Omphalucha maturnaria (Möschler, 1883)
- Oneiliana multifera Prout, 1922
- Orbamia octomaculata (Wallengren, 1872)
- Orbamia subaurata (Warren, 1899)
- Pareclipsis anophthalma Prout, 1916
- Phoenicocampa terinata (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
- Pingasa distensaria (Walker, 1860)
- Pingasa rhadamaria (Guenée, 1858)
- Pitthea trifasciata Dewitz, 1881
- Plateoplia acrobelia (Wallengren, 1875)
- Rhodophthitus commaculata (Warren, 1897)
- Rhodophthitus simplex Warren, 1897
- Scopula curvimargo (Warren, 1900)
- Scopula latitans Prout, 1920
- Scopula ludibunda (Prout, 1915)
- Somatina ioscia Prout, 1932
- Somatina virginalis Prout, 1917
- Trimetopia aetheraria Guenée, 1858
- Xylopteryx oneili Prout, 1922
- Zamarada aclea Prout, 1912
- Zamarada ascaphes Prout, 1925
- Zamarada bathyscaphes Prout, 1912
- Zamarada consecuta Prout, 1922
- Zamarada crystallophana Mabille, 1900
- Zamarada deceptrix Warren, 1914
- Zamarada densisparsa Prout, 1922
- Zamarada denticatella Prout, 1922
- Zamarada differens Bastelberger, 1907
- Zamarada dorsiplaga Prout, 1922
- Zamarada eroessa Prout, 1915
- Zamarada erugata D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada fessa Prout, 1912
- Zamarada flavicaput Warren, 1901
- Zamarada gamma D. S. Fletcher, 1958
- Zamarada glareosa Bastelberger, 1909
- Zamarada ignicosta Prout, 1912
- Zamarada ilma Prout, 1922
- Zamarada jansei D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada melpomene Oberthür, 1912
- Zamarada metallicata Warren, 1914
- Zamarada metrioscaphes Prout, 1912
- Zamarada odontophora D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada ordinaria Bethune-Baker, 1913
- Zamarada plana Bastelberger, 1909
- Zamarada polyctemon Prout, 1932
- Zamarada pringlei D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada prionotos D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada psammites D. S. Fletcher, 1958
- Zamarada psectra D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada pulverosa Warren, 1895
- Zamarada purimargo Prout, 1912
- Zamarada scintillans Bastelberger, 1909
- Zamarada seydeli D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada transvisaria (Guenée, 1858)
- Zamarada varii D. S. Fletcher, 1974
- Zamarada vulpina Warren, 1897
- Zeuctoboarmia sabinei (Prout, 1915)
Glyphipterigidae
Gracillariidae
- Acrocercops chrysophylli Vári, 1961
- Acrocercops terminalina Vári, 1961
- Apistoneura psarochroma Vári, 1961
- Callicercops triceros (Meyrick, 1926)
- Caloptilia cataractias (Meyrick, 1921)
- Caloptilia isotoma (Meyrick, 1914)
- Caloptilia vicinola Vári, 1961
- Conopobathra carbunculata (Meyrick, 1912)
- Conopobathra gravissima (Meyrick, 1912)
- Conopomorpha chionosema Vári, 1961
- Conopomorphina gypsochroma Vári, 1961
- Dialectica carcharota (Meyrick, 1912)
- Diphtheroptila oxyloga (Meyrick, 1928)
- Epicephala jansei Vári, 1961
- Epicephala pyrrhogastra Meyrick, 1908
- Graphiocephala polysticha Vári, 1961
- Metriochroa argyrocelis Vári, 1961
- Pareclectis prionota (Meyrick, 1928)
- Phodoryctis thrypticosema (Vári, 1961)
- Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856
- Phyllonorycter grewiaecola (Vári, 1961)
- Phyllonorycter hibiscina (Vári, 1961)
- Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Meyrick, 1912)
- Phyllonorycter melhaniae (Vári, 1961)
- Polysoma aenicta Vári, 1961
- Polysoma lithochrysa (Meyrick, 1930)
- Polysoma tanysphena (Meyrick, 1928)
- Porphyrosela teramni Vári, 1961
- Spulerina aphanosema Vári, 1961
- Stomphastis aphrocyma (Meyrick, 1918)
- Stomphastis conflua (Meyrick, 1914)
- Stomphastis polygoni Vári, 1961
- Stomphastis rorkei Vári, 1961
- Stomphastis thraustica (Meyrick, 1908)
- Telamoptilia geyeri (Vári, 1961)
Hepialidae
Himantopteridae
Hyblaeidae
Lasiocampidae
- Anadiasa fuscofasciata (Aurivillius, 1922)
- Braura ligniclusa (Walker, 1865)
- Catalebeda jamesoni (Bethune-Baker, 1908)
- Cleopatrina phocea (Druce, 1887)
- Cymatopacha obscura Aurivillius, 1921
- Dollmania purpurascens (Aurivillius, 1909)
- Epicnapteroides fuliginosa Pinhey, 1973
- Epicnapteroides lobata Strand, 1912
- Epicnapteroides marmorata Pinhey, 1973
- Eutricha morosa (Walker, 1865)
- Euwallengrenia rectilineata (Aurivillius, 1905)
- Euwallengrenia reducta (Walker, 1855)
- Gastropacha africana (Holland, 1893)
- Gastroplakaeis meridionalis Aurivillius, 1901
- Gonometa robusta (Aurivillius, 1909)
- Grellada enigmatica (Hering, 1941)
- Grellada marshalli (Aurivillius, 1902)
- Haplopacha cinerea Aurivillius, 1905
- Hypotrabala sanguicincta (Aurivillius, 1901)
- Lechriolepis nephopyropa Tams, 1931
- Metajana marshalli Aurivillius, 1909
- Odontocheilopteryx dollmani Tams, 1930
- Odontocheilopteryx myxa Wallengren, 1860
- Odontocheilopteryx obscura Aurivillius, 1927
- Odontocheilopteryx pattersoni Tams, 1926
- Odontopacha kilwana Strand, 1911
- Pallastica meloui (Riel, 1909)
- Philotherma obscura Aurivillius, 1927
- Pseudolyra cinerea (Aurivillius, 1901)
- Pseudometa dollmani Tams, 1925
- Pseudometa viola Aurivillius, 1901
- Sena donaldsoni (Holland, 1901)
- Stenophatna cymographa (Hampson, 1910)
- Stenophatna marshalli Aurivillius, 1909
- Stenophatna rothschildi (Tams, 1936)
- Stoermeriana fusca (Aurivillius, 1905)
- Theophasida superba (Aurivillius, 1914)
- Trabala charon Druce, 1910
- Trichopisthia igneotincta (Aurivillius, 1909)
Lecithoceridae
Limacodidae
- Astatophlebia marmarobrunnea Janse, 1964
- Crothaema conspicua Janse, 1964
- Crothaema sericea Butler, 1880
- Gavara lamborni (Bethune-Baker, 1915)
- Latoia albicosta (Hampson, 1910)
- Latoia viridicosta (Hampson, 1910)
- Macroplectra obliquilinea Hampson, 1910
- Micraphe lateritia Karsch, 1896
- Omocenoides prismallae Janse, 1964
- Paraphlebs singularis Aurivillius, 1921
- Scotinocerides pseudorestricta Hering, 1937
- Stroter dukei Janse, 1964
- Taeda aetitis Wallengren, 1863
- Trachyptena holobrunnea (Janse, 1964)
- Unithosea albilineata (Hampson, 1910)
- Zinara discophora Hampson, 1910
Lymantriidae
- Aroa achrodisca Hampson, 1910
- Aroa quadrimaculata (Janse, 1915)
- Chrysocyma mesopotamia Hampson, 1905
- Crorema fulvinotata (Butler, 1893)
- Dasychira escota Hampson, 1905
- Dasychirana crenulata Bethune-Baker, 1911
- Euproctis crocosticta Hampson, 1905
- Euproctis fulvipennis Hampson, 1910
- Euproctis pallida (Kirby, 1896)
- Heteronygmia dissimilis Aurivillius, 1910
- Laelia aethiopica Bethune-Baker, 1908
- Laelia atrifilata (Hampson, 1905)
- Laelia marginepunctata Bethune-Baker, 1908
- Laelia rubrifilata (Hampson, 1905)
- Leptaroa fulvicolora Hampson, 1910
- Palasea albimacula Wallengren, 1863
- Palasea flavicilia (Hampson, 1910)
- Polymona rufifemur Walker, 1855
- Pteredoa plumosa Hampson, 1905
- Stracena telesilla (Druce, 1899)
Lyonetiidae
Metarbelidae
Noctuidae
- Achaea catella Guenée, 1852
- Achaea echo (Walker, 1858)
- Achaea finita (Guenée, 1852)
- Achaea lienardi (Boisduval, 1833)
- Achaea sordida (Walker, 1865)
- Achaea violascens Hampson, 1918
- Acontia bidentata (Hampson, 1902)
- Acontia chrysoproctis (Hampson, 1902)
- Acontia citripennis (Hampson, 1910)
- Acontia conifrons (Aurivillius, 1879)
- Acontia discoidea Hopffer, 1857
- Acontia dispar (Walker, [1858])
- Acontia ectorrida (Hampson, 1916)
- Acontia gratiosa Wallengren, 1856
- Acontia imitatrix Wallengren, 1856
- Acontia leucotrigona (Hampson, 1905)
- Acontia natalis (Guenée, 1852)
- Acontia nephele Hampson, 1911
- Acontia niphogona (Hampson, 1909)
- Acontia porphyrea (Butler, 1898)
- Acontia simo Wallengren, 1860
- Acontia tanzaniae Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2010
- Acontia transfigurata Wallengren, 1856
- Acontia trimaculata Aurivillius, 1879
- Acontia trychaenoides Wallengren, 1856
- Acontia wahlbergi Wallengren, 1856
- Acrapex brunnea Hampson, 1910
- Acrapex metaphaea Hampson, 1910
- Acrapex spoliata (Walker, 1863)
- Adisura aerugo (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)
- Aegocera tricolora Bethune-Baker, 1909
- Agrotis biconica Kollar, 1844
- Agrotis isopleura Hampson, 1902
- Agrotis longidentifera (Hampson, 1903)
- Agrotis segetum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
- Aletia consanguis (Guenée, 1852)
- Amazonides ecstrigata (Hampson, 1903)
- Amazonides epipyria (Hampson, 1903)
- Amazonides fumicolor (Hampson, 1902)
- Amazonides ruficeps (Hampson, 1903)
- Amyna axis Guenée, 1852
- Amyna punctum (Fabricius, 1794)
- Anedhella nigrivittata (Hampson, 1902)
- Anoba phaeotermesia Hampson, 1926
- Apospasta fuscirufa (Hampson, 1905)
- Aspidifrontia glaucescens Hampson, 1905
- Aspidifrontia rufescens Hampson, 1902
- Aspidifrontia semipallida Hampson, 1902
- Athetis chionephra (Hampson, 1911)
- Athetis flavipuncta Hampson, 1909
- Athetis leuconephra Hampson, 1909
- Athetis melanosema Hampson, 1914
- Athetis melanosticta Hampson, 1909
- Athetis microtera (Hampson, 1902)
- Athetis poliostrota Hampson, 1909
- Athetis singula (Möschler, 1883)
- Audea humeralis Hampson, 1902
- Audea tegulata Hampson, 1902
- Autoba admota (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)
- Autoba versicolor Walker, 1864
- Axylia annularis Saalmüller, 1891
- Brevipecten cornuta Hampson, 1902
- Brithys crini (Fabricius, 1775)
- Busseola fusca (Fuller, 1901)
- Busseola pallidicosta (Hampson, 1902)
- Calamia flavirufa Hampson, 1910
- Calliodes pretiosissima Holland, 1892
- Callopistria maillardi (Guenée, 1862)
- Callyna cupricolor Hampson, 1902
- Callyna nigerrima Hampson, 1902
- Callyna obscura Hampson, 1910
- Caradrina atriluna Guenée, 1852
- Cerocala contraria (Walker, 1865)
- Cerynea thermesialis (Walker, 1866)
- Chalciope delta (Boisduval, 1833)
- Chasmina tibialis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Chlumetia lichenosa (Hampson, 1902)
- Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker, [1858])
- Copifrontia xantherythra Hampson, 1905
- Crameria amabilis (Drury, 1773)
- Cretonia ethiopica Hampson, 1910
- Ctenoplusia fracta (Walker, 1857)
- Ctenoplusia limbirena (Guenée, 1852)
- Cyclopera similis (Hampson, 1902)
- Cyligramma latona (Cramer, 1775)
- Cyligramma magus (Guérin-Méneville, [1844])
- Dicerogastra furvilinea (Hampson, 1902)
- Dysgonia angularis (Boisduval, 1833)
- Dysgonia torrida (Guenée, 1852)
- Ectolopha viridescens Hampson, 1902
- Egybolis vaillantina (Stoll, 1790)
- Entomogramma pardus Guenée, 1852
- Erebus walkeri (Butler, 1875)
- Ethiopica vinosa (Hampson, 1902)
- Eublemma acarodes Swinhoe, 1907
- Eublemma apicata Distant, 1898
- Eublemma flaviceps Hampson, 1902
- Eublemma foedosa (Guenée, 1852)
- Eublemma ornatula (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)
- Eublemma penicillata Hampson, 1902
- Eublemma plumbosa Distant, 1899
- Eublemma ragusana (Freyer, 1844)
- Eublemma staudingeri (Wallengren, 1875)
- Eublemma trigramma Hampson, 1910
- Eublemma tritonia (Hampson, 1902)
- Eulocastra aethiops (Distant, 1898)
- Eulymnia pulcherrima (Hampson, 1902)
- Eustrotia decissima (Walker, 1865)
- Eutelia discitriga Walker, 1865
- Eutelia glaucocycla Hampson, 1912
- Eutelia polychorda Hampson, 1902
- Eutelia symphonica Hampson, 1902
- Euterpiodes pienaari (Distant, 1898)
- Euxoa pronycta Hampson, 1903
- Feliniopsis satellitis (Berio, 1974)
- Grammarctia bilinea (Walker, 1865)
- Grammodes congenita Walker, 1858
- Grammodes geometrica (Fabricius, 1775)
- Heliocheilus multiradiata (Hampson, 1902)
- Heliothis flavigera (Hampson, 1907)
- Heraclia aemulatrix (Westwood, 1881)
- Heraclia butleri (Walker, 1869)
- Heraclia limbomaculata (Strand, 1909)
- Heraclia perdix (Druce, 1887)
- Heraclia superba (Butler, 1875)
- Honeyia secunda Hacker & Fibiger, 2007
- Iambia transversa (Moore, 1882)
- Leucania atrinota (Hampson, 1905)
- Leucania cupreata (Hampson, 1905)
- Leucania melianoides Möschler, 1883
- Leucania micropis (Hampson, 1905)
- Leucovis alba (Rothschild, 1897)
- Lithacodia blandula (Guenée, 1862)
- Lophonotidia nocturna Hampson, 1901
- Lophoptera methyalea (Hampson, 1902)
- Marathyssa cuneata (Saalmüller, 1891)
- Masalia galatheae (Wallengren, 1856)
- Masalia sublimis (Berio, 1962)
- Masalia transvaalica (Distant, 1902)
- Matopo inangulata Hampson, 1909
- Mesogenea costimacula Hampson, 1926
- Micragrotis exusta Hampson, 1903
- Micragrotis interstriata (Hampson, 1902)
- Micragrotis microstigma Hampson, 1903
- Micragrotis prosarca Hampson, 1903
- Mimasura tripunctoides Poole, 1989
- Mimasura unipuncta (Hampson, 1902)
- Mitrophrys menete (Cramer, 1775)
- Mocis mayeri (Boisduval, 1833)
- Mocis mutuaria (Walker, 1858)
- Mythimna poliastis (Hampson, 1902)
- Ochrocalama xanthia (Hampson, 1905)
- Ochropleura leucogaster (Freyer, 1831)
- Odontestra vittigera (Hampson, 1902)
- Oederastria ectorhoda Hampson, 1902
- Omphalestra mesomelana (Hampson, 1902)
- Omphaloceps daria (Druce, 1895)
- Ophiusa melaconisia Hampson, 1905
- Ophiusa selenaris (Guenée, 1852)
- Ophiusa tirhaca (Cramer, 1777)
- Oraesia provocans Walker, [1858]
- Oruza latifera (Walker, 1869)
- Ovios capensis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)
- Ozarba africana Berio, 1940
- Ozarba bipartita (Hampson, 1902)
- Ozarba bisexualis Hampson, 1910
- Ozarba consanguis (Hampson, 1902)
- Ozarba corniculans (Wallengren, 1860)
- Ozarba hemimelaena Hampson, 1910
- Ozarba hypoxantha (Wallengren, 1860)
- Ozarba jansei Berio, 1940
- Ozarba metachrysea Hampson, 1910
- Ozarba phaea (Hampson, 1902)
- Ozarba subterminalis Hampson, 1910
- Paratuerta marshalli Hampson, 1902
- Pericyma scandulata (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)
- Phaegorista xanthosoma Hampson, 1910
- Phalerodes cauta (Hampson, 1902)
- Plecoptera melanoscia Hampson, 1926
- Plecopterodes melliflua (Holland, 1897)
- Plecopterodes moderata (Wallengren, 1860)
- Polia cuprescens Hampson, 1905
- Polydesma sagulata Wallengren, 1875
- Polydesma umbricola Boisduval, 1833
- Procrateria noloides Hampson, 1905
- Pseudospiris paidiformis Butler, 1895
- Pseudozarba opella (Swinhoe, 1885)
- Ramesodes micropis Hampson, 1910
- Rhynchina coniodes Vári, 1962
- Saalmuellerana media (Walker, 1857)
- Schausia langazana Kiriakoff, 1974
- Selenistis annulella (Hampson, 1902)
- Sesamia albivena Hampson, 1902
- Sesamia calamistis Hampson, 1910
- Sesamia coniota Hampson, 1902
- Sesamia taenioleuca (Wallengren, 1866)
- Soloe fumipennis Hampson, 1910
- Spirama glaucescens (Butler, 1893)
- Spirama griseisigna (Hampson, 1913)
- Spodoptera cilium Guenée, 1852
- Spodoptera exempta (Walker, 1857)
- Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833)
- Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)
- Tanocryx pinheyi Viette, 1973
- Thiacidas cookei (Pinhey, 1958)
- Thiacidas dukei (Pinhey, 1968)
- Thiacidas fasciata (Fawcett, 1917)
- Thiacidas fractilinea (Pinhey, 1968)
- Thiacidas nigrimacula (Pinhey, 1968)
- Thiacidas postalbida (Gaede, 1939)
- Thiacidas roseotincta (Pinhey, 1962)
- Thyatirina achatina (Weymer, 1896)
- Thysanoplusia indicator (Walker, [1858])
- Timora daphoena Hampson, 1910
- Tracheplexia lucia (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1974)
- Trichoplusia orichalcea (Fabricius, 1775)
- Tumidifrontia castaneotincta Hampson, 1902
- Tytroca balnearia (Distant, 1898)
- Ulotrichopus leucopasta Hampson, 1913
- Ulotrichopus tinctipennis (Hampson, 1902)
- Uncula tristigmatias (Hampson, 1902)
- Vietteania torrentium (Guenée, 1852)
- Vittaplusia vittata (Wallengren, 1856)
- Zalaca snelleni (Wallengren, 1875)
Nolidae
- Arcyophora longivalvis Guenée, 1852
- Arcyophora patricula (Hampson, 1902)
- Chlorozada verna (Hampson, 1902)
- Earias insulana (Boisduval, 1833)
- Maurilia arcuata (Walker, [1858])
- Meganola infuscata (Hampson, 1903)
- Megathripa rufimedia (Hampson, 1905)
- Neaxestis griseata Hampson, 1902
- Neaxestis rhoda Hampson, 1905
- Negeta luminosa (Walker, 1858)
- Negeta nivea (Hampson, 1902)
- Nola argyrolepis Hampson, 1907
- Nola foviferoides Poole, 1989
- Nola imitata (van Son, 1933)
- Nola major Hampson, 1891
- Nola melanoscelis (Hampson, 1914)
- Nola phaeocraspis (Hampson, 1909)
- Nola socotrensis (Hampson, 1901)
- Paranola bipartita van Son, 1933
- Pardoxia graellsii (Feisthamel, 1837)
- Xanthodes brunnescens (Pinhey, 1968)
Notodontidae
- Afrocerura leonensis (Hampson, 1910)
- Afroplitis phyllocampa (Trimen, 1909)
- Antheua aurifodinae (Distant, 1902)
- Antheua croceipuncta Hampson, 1910
- Antheua delicata Bethune-Baker, 1911
- Antheua encausta (Hampson, 1910)
- Antheua trimacula Kiriakoff, 1954
- Archistilbia cineracea Kiriakoff, 1954
- Archistilbia varii Kiriakoff, 1970
- Atrasana callitoxa (Tams, 1930)
- Atrasana grisea (Gaede, 1928)
- Atrasana pinheyi Kiriakoff, 1962
- Bisolita rubrifascia (Hampson, 1910)
- Catastygne tristicolor (Gaede, 1928)
- Cerurina marshalli (Hampson, 1910)
- Chlorocalliope calliope (Hampson, 1910)
- Chlorochadisra beltista (Tams, 1930)
- Clostera distinguenda Kiriakoff, 1962
- Clostera ferruginosa (Gaede, 1934)
- Clostera formosa Kiriakoff, 1962
- Clostera nubila Kiriakoff, 1962
- Clostera semilunata Kiriakoff, 1971
- Deinarchia agramma (Hampson, 1910)
- Desmeocraera analis Kiriakoff, 1954
- Desmeocraera basalis Distant, 1899
- Desmeocraera canescens Janse, 1920
- Desmeocraera decorata (Wichgraf, 1922)
- Desmeocraera interpellatrix (Wallengren, 1860)
- Desmeocraera latex (Druce, 1901)
- Desmeocraera luteosticta Kiriakoff, 1968
- Desmeocraera oliva Kiriakoff, 1968
- Desmeocraera venusta Kiriakoff, 1954
- Desmeocraera vernalis Distant, 1897
- Drapetides uniformis (Swinhoe, 1907)
- Elaphrodes lactea (Gaede, 1932)
- Epicerura steniptera (Hampson, 1910)
- Eubreyeria dasychiroides (Janse, 1920)
- Eujansea afra (Bethune-Baker, 1911)
- Galona serena Karsch, 1895
- Hampsonita esmeralda (Hampson, 1910)
- Helga infans Kiriakoff, 1962
- Heraia thalassina (Hampson, 1910)
- Induba nigrescens Kiriakoff, 1955
- Leptolepida rhodesiae Kiriakoff, 1965
- Leucophalera latipennis (Butler, 1897)
- Metopteryx cinerea (Janse, 1920)
- Metopteryx infans (Kiriakoff, 1964)
- Notocerura spiritalis (Distant, 1899)
- Notoxantha sesamiodes Hampson, 1910
- Paradrallia rhodesi Bethune-Baker, 1908
- Pararethona hierax (Distant, 1897)
- Parastaura divisa Gaede, 1928
- Phalera imitata Druce, 1896
- Phycitimorpha congruata Janse, 1920
- Phycitimorpha stigmatica Janse, 1920
- Plastystaura glis Kiriakoff, 1968
- Plastystaura murina Kiriakoff, 1965
- Polelassothys plumitarsus Janse, 1920
- Polienus capillata (Wallengren, 1875)
- Polienus fuscatus Janse, 1920
- Polienus nigrosparsa Janse, 1920
- Psalisodes dimorpha Kiriakoff, 1968
- Pseudorethona albicans (Walker, 1855)
- Quista albicostata (Hampson, 1910)
- Rasemia macrodonta (Hampson, 1909)
- Rheneina buceros Kiriakoff, 1971
- Rosinella rosinaria (Hampson, 1910)
- Sarimarais bicolor (Distant, 1899)
- Sarimarais pinheyi Kiriakoff, 1962
- Scrancia danieli Kiriakoff, 1962
- Scrancia elanus Kiriakoff, 1971
- Scrancia galactoperoides Kiriakoff, 1970
- Scrancia milvus Kiriakoff, 1971
- Scrancia stictica Hampson, 1910
- Scrancia subscrancia Kiriakoff, 1970
- Stenostaura rhodesiae (Kiriakoff, 1965)
- Tricholoba glaphira (Kiriakoff, 1955)
- Trotonotus bettoni Butler, 1898
- Turnacoides basipuncta Gaede, 1928
Oecophoridae
- Erotis hesperanthes Meyrick, 1921
- Fabiola callipetala Meyrick, 1921
- Ocyphron oxyphylla Meyrick, 1921
- Plesiosticha galactaea (Meyrick, 1908)
- Promalactis geometrica Meyrick, 1913
- Stathmopoda revincta Meyrick, 1921
Opostegidae
Plutellidae
Psychidae
- Ctenocompa halophanta Meyrick, 1921
- Narycia copiosa Meyrick, 1921
- Narycia prothyrodes Meyrick, 1921
- Picrospora invia (Meyrick, 1921)
- Picrospora monoplecta (Meyrick, 1921)
Pterophoridae
Pyralidae
- Aglossodes prionophoralis Ragonot, 1891
- Aphomia pimelodes Meyrick, 1936
- Calamotropodes grisella Janse, 1922
- Commotria albistria Janse, 1922
- Commotria ruficolor Janse, 1922
- Delopterus basalis Janse, 1922
- Epilepia melanobasis (Hampson, 1906)
- Epilepia melanobrunnea (Janse, 1922)
- Epilepia melanosparsalis (Janse, 1922)
- Epilepia melapastalis (Hampson, 1906)
- Hypsopygia mauritialis (Boisduval, 1833)
- Lamoria exiguata Whalley, 1964
- Lamoria imbella (Walker, 1864)
- Lamoria medianalis Hampson, 1917
- Macalla cupreotincta Janse, 1922
- Mesodiphlebia rhodesiana Janse, 1922
- Parematheudes simplex (Janse, 1922)
- Pempelia morosalis (Saalmüller, 1880)
- Poliostola phycitimorpha Janse, 1922
- Pyralis galactalis Hampson, 1916
- Rhinaphe lutosa Janse, 1922
Saturniidae
- Adafroptilum incana (Sonthonnax, 1899)
- Antistathmoptera daltonae Tams, 1935
- Antistathmoptera rectangulata Pinhey, 1968
- Argema mimosae (Boisduval, 1847)
- Athletes gigas (Sonthonnax, 1902)
- Athletes semialba (Sonthonnax, 1904)
- Aurivillius arata (Westwood, 1849)
- Bunaeopsis bomfordi Pinhey, 1962
- Bunaeopsis hersilia (Westwood, 1849)
- Bunaeopsis jacksoni (Jordan, 1908)
- Bunaeopsis oubie (Guérin-Méneville, 1849)
- Bunaeopsis princeps (Le Cerf, 1918)
- Bunaeopsis vau (Fawcett, 1915)
- Campimoptilum kuntzei (Dewitz, 1881)
- Cinabra hyperbius (Westwood, 1881)
- Cinabra kitalei Bouvier, 1930
- Cirina forda (Westwood, 1849)
- Decachorda aspersa (Felder, 1874)
- Decachorda fulvia (Druce, 1886)
- Decachorda pomona (Weymer, 1892)
- Decachorda rosea Aurivillius, 1898
- Epiphora bauhiniae (Guérin-Méneville, 1832)
- Epiphora mythimnia (Westwood, 1849)
- Gonimbrasia affinis (Bouvier, 1926)
- Gonimbrasia tyrrhea (Cramer, 1775)
- Gonimbrasia zambesina (Walker, 1865)
- Gynanisa ata Strand, 1911
- Gynanisa maja (Klug, 1836)
- Gynanisa zimba Darge, 2008
- Heniocha apollonia (Cramer, 1779)
- Heniocha marnois (Rogenhofer, 1891)
- Holocerina agomensis (Karsch, 1896)
- Holocerina angulata (Aurivillius, 1893)
- Holocerina rhodesiensis (Janse, 1918)
- Holocerina smilax (Westwood, 1849)
- Imbrasia ertli Rebel, 1904
- Lobobunaea angasana (Westwood, 1849)
- Lobobunaea phaedusa (Drury, 1782)
- Ludia delegorguei (Boisduval, 1847)
- Ludia orinoptena Karsch, 1892
- Micragone ansorgei (Rothschild, 1907)
- Nudaurelia carnegiei Janse, 1918
- Nudaurelia gueinzii (Staudinger, 1872)
- Nudaurelia macrops Rebel, 1917
- Nudaurelia macrothyris (Rothschild, 1906)
- Orthogonioptilum adiegetum Karsch, 1892
- Pseudaphelia apollinaris (Boisduval, 1847)
- Pseudimbrasia deyrollei (J. Thomson, 1858)
- Pseudobunaea irius (Fabricius, 1793)
- Pseudobunaea tyrrhena (Westwood, 1849)
- Rohaniella pygmaea (Maassen & Weymer, 1885)
- Tagoropsis hanningtoni (Butler, 1883)
- Urota conjuncta Bouvier, 1930
- Usta terpsichore (Maassen & Weymer, 1885)
Sesiidae
- Chamanthedon xanthopasta Hampson, 1919
- Echidgnathia vitrifasciata (Hampson, 1910)
- Episannina melanochalcia Le Cerf, 1917
- Erismatica erythropis Meyrick, 1933
- Homogyna sanguicosta Hampson, 1919
- Melittia lentistriata Hampson, 1919
- Melittia oedipus Oberthür, 1878
- Paranthrene xanthosoma (Hampson, 1910)
- Tipulamima sophax (Druce, 1899)
- Vespaegeria typica Strand, 1913
Sphingidae
- Afroclanis calcareus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1907)
- Afroclanis neavi (Hampson, 1910)
- Antinephele lunulata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Antinephele maculifera Holland, 1889
- Basiothia aureata (Karsch, 1891)
- Basiothia schenki (Möschler, 1872)
- Falcatula falcata (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
- Hippotion roseipennis (Butler, 1882)
- Hippotion stigma (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
- Leptoclanis pulchra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Likoma apicalis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Litosphingia corticea Jordan, 1920
- Neoclanis basalis (Walker, 1866)
- Neopolyptychus compar (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
- Nephele lannini Jordan, 1926
- Nephele rosae Butler, 1875
- Odontosida magnificum (Rothschild, 1894)
- Pantophaea oneili (Clark, 1925)
- Phylloxiphia metria (Jordan, 1920)
- Phylloxiphia punctum (Rothschild, 1907)
- Phylloxiphia vicina (Rothschild & Jordan, 1915)
- Platysphinx piabilis (Distant, 1897)
- Polyptychoides grayii (Walker, 1856)
- Polyptychopsis marshalli (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
- Polyptychus baxteri Rothschild & Jordan, 1908
- Polyptychus coryndoni Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Praedora marshalli Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Praedora plagiata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pseudoclanis molitor (Rothschild & Jordan, 1912)
- Rhodafra marshalli Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rufoclanis fulgurans (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)
- Rufoclanis jansei (Vári, 1964)
- Rufoclanis numosae (Wallengren, 1860)
- Temnora elegans (Rothschild, 1895)
- Temnora funebris (Holland, 1893)
- Temnora iapygoides (Holland, 1889)
- Temnora natalis Walker, 1856
- Temnora pseudopylas (Rothschild, 1894)
- Temnora pylades Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Temnora pylas (Cramer, 1779)
- Temnora sardanus (Walker, 1856)
- Temnora subapicalis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Temnora swynnertoni Stevenson, 1938
- Temnora zantus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854)
- Theretra cajus (Cramer, 1777)
- Xenosphingia jansei Jordan, 1920
Thyrididae
- Arniocera cyanoxantha (Mabille, 1893)
- Arniocera erythropyga (Wallengren, 1860)
- Arniocera zambesina (Walker, 1866)
- Bupota tranquilla Whalley, 1971
- Dilophura caudata (Jordan, 1907)
- Dysodia constellata Warren, 1908
- Dysodia fenestratella Warren, 1900
- Dysodia fumida Whalley, 1968
- Dysodia incognita Whalley, 1968
- Dysodia intermedia (Walker, 1865)
- Dysodia subsignata Warren, 1908
- Dysodia vitrina (Boisduval, 1829)
- Epaena danista Whalley, 1971
- Lamprochrysa scintillans (Butler, 1893)
- Lamprochrysa triplex (Plötz, 1880)
- Rhodoneura flavicilia Hampson, 1906
- Rhodoneura lacunosa Whalley, 1971
Tineidae
- Acridotarsa melipecta (Meyrick, 1915)
- Amphixystis anachoreta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Amphixystis cymataula (Meyrick, 1926)
- Antigambra amphitrocta Meyrick, 1927
- Ateliotum reluctans (Meyrick, 1921)
- Ceratophaga ethadopa (Meyrick, 1938)
- Ceratophaga lichmodes (Meyrick, 1921)
- Ceratophaga vastellus (Zeller, 1852)
- Cimitra fetialis (Meyrick, 1917)
- Cimitra horridella (Walker, 1863)
- Crypsithyris cerodectis Meyrick, 1921
- Crypsithyris hemiphracta Meyrick, 1926
- Cylicobathra argocoma (Meyrick, 1914)
- Cylicobathra chionarga Meyrick, 1920
- Dasyses obliterata Gozmány, 1968
- Drosica abjectella Walker, 1963
- Edosa audens (Meyrick, 1921)
- Edosa leucastis (Meyrick, 1908)
- Edosa rhodesica (Gozmány, 1967)
- Hapsifera glebata Meyrick, 1908
- Hapsifera marmarota Meyrick, 1914
- Hapsifera ochroptila Meyrick, 1908
- Hapsifera septica Meyrick, 1908
- Hapsiferona glareosa (Meyrick, 1912)
- Hyperbola mellichroa (Gozmány, 1968)
- Hyperbola phocina (Meyrick, 1908)
- Miarotagmata penetrata (Meyrick, 1911)
- Monopis megalodelta Meyrick, 1908
- Monopis persimilis Gozmány, 1965
- Perissomastix christinae Gozmány, 1965
- Perissomastix dentifera Gozmány & Vári, 1973
- Perissomastix fulvicoma (Meyrick, 1921)
- Perissomastix mili Gozmány, 1965
- Perissomastix mucrapex Gozmány, 1968
- Perissomastix perlata Gozmány, 1967
- Perissomastix recurvata Gozmány, 1968
- Phaeoses lithacma (Meyrick, 1921)
- Pitharcha chalinaea Meyrick, 1908
- Silosca savannae Gozmány, 1968
- Sphallestasis exarata (Gozmány, 1968)
- Sphallestasis oenopis (Meyrick, 1908)
- Sphallestasis spatulata (Gozmány, 1967)
- Sphallestasis tanystis (Meyrick, 1908)
- Tinea subalbidella Stainton, 1867
- Tinea translucens Meyrick, 1917
- Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823)
Tischeriidae
Tortricidae
- Bactra aciculata Diakonoff, 1963
- Bactra legitima Meyrick, 1911
- Bactra punctistrigana Mabille, 1900
- Bactra pythonia Meyrick, 1909
- Bactra stagnicolana Zeller, 1852
- Brachioxena psammacta (Meyrick, 1908)
- Cornesia ormoperla Razowski, 1981
- Cydia campestris (Meyrick, 1914)
- Cydia cyanocephala (Meyrick, 1921)
- Cydia leucatma (Meyrick, 1925)
- Cydia malesana (Meyrick, 1920)
- Cydia nicomacha (Meyrick, 1921)
- Cydia stelocosma (Meyrick, 1925)
- Dasodis rimosa (Meyrick, 1921)
- Doliochastis homograpta Meyrick, 1920
- Eccopsis incultana (Walker, 1863)
- Epichoristodes acerbella (Walker, 1864)
- Eucosma florescens Meyrick, 1925
- Eucosma gomphacma Meyrick, 1928
- Eucosma habrotoma Meyrick, 1934
- Eucosmocydia antidora (Meyrick, 1921)
- Homona polyarcha Meyrick, 1924
- Leguminovora ptychora (Meyrick, 1907)
- Megalota lobotona (Meyrick, 1921)
- Mesotes chromataspis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Metendothenia balanacma (Meyrick, 1914)
- Olethreutes mochlaspis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Olethreutes transformis (Meyrick, 1921)
- Olethreutes trithyra (Meyrick, 1921)
- Paraeccopsis acroplecta (Meyrick, 1921)
- Paraeccopsis exhilarata (Meyrick, 1918)
- Rufeccopsis brunneograpta Razowski, 2008
- Rufeccopsis rufescens (Meyrick, 1913)
- Stenentoma plectocosma (Meyrick, 1921)
- Thaumatotibia batrachopa (Meyrick, 1908)
- Tortrix praeclinata Meyrick, 1921
Uraniidae
- Leucoplema dohertyi (Warren, 1904)
Xyloryctidae
Yponomeutidae
- Prays citri (Millière, 1873)
- Yponomeuta octocentra Meyrick, 1921
Zygaenidae
- Astyloneura glennia (Jordan, 1907)
- Epiorna ochreipennis (Butler, 1874)
- Malamblia flavipalpis Hampson, 1910
External links
