List of sculptures of Ludwig van Beethoven explained
The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is among the most admired composers in the history of Western music,[1] and has been the subject of many private and public sculptures, including busts, reliefs, statues and others. The first, a bust by Franz Klein, was commissioned by Johann Andreas Streicher and created in 1812, while the composer was still alive.[2] After Beethoven's death in 1827, his hometown, Bonn, immediately began planning a monument for the following year,[3] though a cholera outbreak delayed this. A design competition was eventually held, in which a submission by Ernst Julius Hähnel beat ones from Friedrich von Amerling, Gustav Blaeser and Friedrich Drake. In 1845, Hähnel's monument was erected, due to finances given by Robert Schumann, Charles Hallé, George Thomas Smart and especially Franz Liszt.[3] [4] While the monument's height and simplicity were criticized, the reliefs surrounding the base were met with public approval.[4] The statue's representation of a figure standing on a decorated base with its legs slightly apart was popular at the time, and later inspired Theodore Baur's statue of in the Library of Congress.[5]
The Beethoven monuments that followed Hähnel's, while retaining a high pedestal,[6] began to portray the composer in a less simplistic and increasingly heroic light.[7] The most significant representative of this, and the most famous Beethoven monument from the second half of the 19th century, was Kaspar von Zumbusch's 1880 monument in, Vienna.[8] The city had intended to erect a monument for Beethoven since his death,[3] but serious action to do so began only in the 1870s, when a competition for a design was held and Zumbusch's winning design was created with financial support from Liszt and Brahms.[9]
In the early 20th century, the glorified portrayals of Beethoven reached their peak, with god-like representations such as Max Klinger's monument (1902), unveiled at the Vienna Secession[10] (now in the Museum der bildenden Künste), and Fidus's unexecuted design for a 'Beethoven temple' (1903).[11] The 20th century also saw a brief return to the simplistic style of the 19th century, such as Robert Weigl's statue at the in Vienna (1910) and statue in Karlsbad (1929).[12] Also at this time, Antoine Bourdelle and Naoum Aronson, both students of Auguste Rodin, began creating busts of the composer; Bourdelle was especially prolific.[13] As the century progressed, ideas on depicting Beethoven became largely ununified, and were often especially allegorical, such as Theodor von Gosen's monument in Alameda Central, Mexico City (1921).[14] In 1926, Berlin hosted a monument competition in preparation for the composer's 100th anniversary the following year; the entire competition was controversial and was eventually canceled due to criticism from the press and the committee's inability to form a consensus.[15] There had been submissions from famous sculptors including Ernst Barlach, Peter Breuer and Georg Kolbe, although Breuer and Kolbe eventually had their designs constructed in 1938 and 1948 respectively.[15] After World War II, experimentation in portraying Beethoven increased even further, exemplified by three-dimensonal reproduction (1986) of Joseph Karl Stieler's painted portrait and Markus Lüpertz's controversial abstract portrayal (2014).[16] [17]
There is a large collection of busts in the Beethoven House, a museum and cultural institution based in Bonn that studies Beethoven's life and legacy, including ones by an unknown artist based on a sculpture by Josef Danhauser ;[18] Fernando Cian (first quarter of the 20th century);[19] Pierre Félix Masseau (1902);[20] Aronson (1905);[13] a mask supposedly by (1920–1927);[21] Eduard Merz (1945/46);[22] (1981);[23] and Cantemir Riscutia (1998).[24]
Sculptures
Bourdelle's sculptures
The French sculptor Antoine Bourdelle (1861–1929) greatly admired Beethoven, of whom he created at least 45 sculptures from 1893 to the end of his life.[87]
Unexecuted sculptures
References
- General
- Book: Comini, Alessandra . Alessandra Comini . 2008 . [{{google books|plainurl=y|id=hYBAFG01FOsC}} The Changing Image of Beethoven: A Study in Mythmaking ]. Sunstone Press . Santa Fe, New Mexico . 978-0-86534-661-1 .
- Specific
External links
Notes and References
- Encyclopedia: Kerman . Joseph . Joseph Kerman . Tyson . Alan . Alan Tyson . Burnham . Scott G. . 2001 . . Ludwig van Beethoven . . Oxford, England . 17 March 2021 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026 . 978-1-56159-263-0 . subscription . 2 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302112434/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000040026 . live .
- Web site: Beginning and precursors . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011818/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id0.html . live .
- Web site: The first Beethoven monument . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008183434/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id1.html . live .
- Web site: The Beethoven monument on the Münsterplatz in Bonn . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008012348/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id2.html . live .
- Web site: Further development of the Bonn type of monument . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008092550/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id3.html . live .
- Web site: The time of the great Beethoven monuments . April 2002 . . 2020-09-21 . 2020-10-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201006231616/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id4.html . live .
- Web site: Beethoven becomes an 'Olympian figure' . April 2002 . . 2020-09-21 . 2020-12-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000630/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id5.html . live .
- Web site: Caspar Zumbusch's Beethoven monument . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008140859/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id6.html . live .
- Web site: Caspar Zumbusch's Beethoven monument – II . April 2002 . . 10 December 2020 . 6 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201006231614/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id7.html . live .
- Web site: From Apollo to Jupiter . April 2002 . . 10 December 2020 . 9 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201009004320/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id8.html . live .
- Web site: Beethoven monuments of the Reform Movements in the early 20th century . April 2002 . . 13 March 2021 .
- Web site: Searching for new forms . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008141644/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id11.html . live .
- Web site: Beethoven depictions influenced by Auguste Rodin . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008175855/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id14.html . live .
- Web site: Beethoven monuments between tradition and modernity . April 2002 . . 21 September 2020 . 11 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201011173137/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id15.html . live .
- Web site: A Beethoven monument in Berlin . April 2002 . . 24 September 2020 . 1 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201001231003/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id16.html#bild1 . live .
- Web site: A time for experiments – I . April 2002 . . 24 September 2020 . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008191016/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id18.html . live .
- Web site: Two-headed Beethoven statue causes controversy . . 21 September 2020 . 21 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200921170833/https://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/news/homage-sculpture-markus-luperz/ . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste – Gipsabguß nach der Plastik von Josef Danhauser . Beethoven bust – plaster cast based on the sculpture by Josef Danhauser . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011818/https://www.beethoven.de/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&t_idn=bi%3Ai1521 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste – Bronzeguß von Fernando Cian . Beethoven bust – bronze casting by Fernando Cian . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011819/https://beethoven-viur.appspot.com/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&t_idn=bi%3Ai1074 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven, Ludwig van . . 27 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000637/https://www.schubertiademusic.com/items/details/5755-beethoven-ludwig-van--fixmasseau-pierre-f%C3%A9lix-bronze-marble-statue-bust . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Maske – Bronzeguß einer Maske von Wilhelm Hüsgen . Beethoven mask – bronze casting of a mask by Wilhelm Hüsgen . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011819/https://www.beethoven.de/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&t_idn=bi%3Ai22 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste – Skulptur von Eduard Merz . Beethoven bust – sculpture by Eduard Merz . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011818/https://www.beethoven.de/en/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&_dokid=bi%3Ai74 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste – Anonyme Fotografie nach einem Original-Bronzegruß von Levon Lazarev . Beethoven bust – anonymous photograph based on an original bronze salute by Levon Lazarev . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011821/https://www.beethoven.de/en/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&_dokid=bi%3Ai94 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste – Originalbronzeguß von Cantemir Riscutia . Beethoven bust – original bronze casting by Cantemir Riscutia . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011819/https://www.beethoven.de/en/s/catalogs?opac=bild_en.pl&_dokid=bi%3Ai1078 . live .
- Web site: Copy of the bust of the composer Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) . . 12 April 2021 . 12 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412070151/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/copy-of-the-bust-of-the-composer-ludwig-van-beethoven-1770-1827-anton-dietrich-1799-1872/CwEJvBns20OoPw?hl=en . live .
- Web site: Beethoven. Die Denkmäler . Beethoven. The monuments . bonn.de . City of Bonn . German . 21 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000624/https://www.bonn.de/bonn-erleben/beethoven/beethoven-denkmaeler.php?lang=en . live .
- Web site: Medallions and Bust on the Opera House . w10.bcn.es . . 18 March 2021 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011850/http://w10.bcn.es/APPS/gmocataleg_monum/FitxaMonumentAc.do?idioma=EN&codiMonumIntern=2141 . live .
- Web site: Statues et portraits à la Conservatoire Conservatoire de Musique . Statues – Hither & Thither . 22 March 2021 . 23 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423010948/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=chge007 . live .
- Web site: Beethovendenkmal (19, Beethovengang) . Beethoven Monument (19, Beethoven Walk) . geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at . . German . 1 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011834/https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Beethovendenkmal_%2819,_Beethovengang%29 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven Bust . . 28 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425003911/https://royalphilharmonicsociety.org.uk/rps-since-1813/key-moments/beethoven-bust . live .
- Web site: Beethoven 2020 : 250th anniversary of Beethoven's birth . January 2020 . . 28 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425003910/https://www.rsmgb.org/2020/01/01/archive-item-of-the-month-january-2020/ . live .
- Web site: Statue: Frieze of Parnassus – Beethoven. London Remembers. 8 May 2021. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507102841/https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/frieze-of-parnassus-beethoven/. live.
- Web site: De componist Ludwig von Beethoven . The composer Ludwig van Beethoven . vanherck.collectionkbf.be . September 2016 . . Dutch . 13 March 2021 . 15 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181115155610/http://vanherck.collectionkbf.be/nl/de-componist-ludwig-von-beethoven . live .
- Web site: De componist Ludwig von Beethoven . The composer Ludwig van Beethoven . arthub.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be . Flanders State of the Art . Dutch . 13 March 2021 . 19 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113551/https://arthub.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/nl/catalog/kmska:IB00_113 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven fanciullo . . 12 April 2021 . 12 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412070157/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/beethoven-fanciullo/aQHkKQvQ7LnvLA?hl=en . live .
- Web site: Young Beethoven . . 12 April 2021 . 12 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412070154/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/young-beethoven-giuseppe-grandi/CQHuFY1XFovmsQ?hl=en . live .
- Web site: Statues et bustes au Grand Théâtre . Statues – Hither & Thither . 22 March 2021 . 23 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423003850/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=chge006 . live .
- Web site: Skulpturen am Alten Oper . Statues – Hither & Thither . 22 March 2021 . 23 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423003852/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=dehs224 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven Statue . . 24 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000625/https://centralpark.org/beethoven/ . live .
- Web site: Ludwig Van Beethoven . nycgovparks.org . . 24 September 2020 . 27 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200927042338/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/1634 . live .
- Web site: Ludwig van Beethoven . . 24 September 2020 . 6 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806161021/https://www.centralparknyc.org/attractions/ludwig-van-beethoven . live .
- Web site: Statues & Busts . . 27 September 2020 . 24 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200924175156/https://www.towergrovepark.org/statues1 . live .
- Web site: Busts Concert Hall . Statues – Hither & Thither . 23 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425234243/https://vanderkrogt.net/standbeelden/object.php?record=NH04ob . live .
- Web site: Ludwig van Beethoven – studied from the death mask [i.e. life mask] ]. loc.gov . 1892 . . 9 January 2021 . 16 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210116111625/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001700485/ . live .
- Web site: Ludwig Van Beethoven . nycgovparks.org . . 27 September 2020 . 7 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807190822/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/B073/monuments/1635 . live .
- 1899 . [{{google books|plainurl=y|id=oxzRSm8jdgMC}} An Eminent Italian Sculptor: Francesco Jerace ]. The Art Journal . Virtue and Company . London, UK . 108 .
- Web site: Ludwig van Beethoven Monument, Lincoln Park, Chicago, early 20th century . CARLI Digital Collections Home . 2 December 2020 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011829/https://collections.carli.illinois.edu/digital/collection/nby_chicago/id/948 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Gedenkplatte – Fotografie einer 1900 enthüllten reliefierten Gedenkplatte von Joseph Kassin am Beethovenstein im Helenental in Baden . The Beethoven stele in Hlohovec – photograph of an anonymous monument . katalog.beethoven.de . . German . 18 February 2021 .
- Web site: Beethoven Statue . . 27 September 2020 . 18 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201018225733/https://necmusic.edu/archives/beethoven-statue . live .
- Web site: Scala Archives – Images details . Scala Archives . 23 March 2021 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011828/http://www.scalarchives.com/web/dettaglio_immagine_adv.asp?numImmagini=64&posizione=2&prmset=on&SC_PROV=COLL&IdCollection=80333&SC_Lang=eng&Sort=6 . live .
- Web site: Max Klinger (1857–1920) . 6 January 2015 . Mahler Foundation . 21 September 2020 . 24 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200924110443/https://mahlerfoundation.org/mahler/personen-2/klinger-max-1857-1920 . live .
- News: Hickley . Catherine . 3 March 2020 . Topless Beethoven to take centre stage in Leipzig survey of Symbolist artist Max Klinger . . 21 September 2020 . 27 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027185536/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/preview/topless-beethoven-to-take-centre-stage-in-survey-of-symbolist-artist-max-klinger . live .
- Web site: Burschenschaftsdenkmal . Statues – Hither & Thither . 23 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425234256/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=deth101 . live .
- Web site: Figure of Beethoven . collections.mfa.org . . 6 December 2020 . 18 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210518155931/https://collections.mfa.org/objects/255560/figure-of-beethoven;jsessionid=7527C5D8C33C9415AF5A65EC964E77C1 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Haydn-Mozart-Denkmal . Statues – Hither & Thither . 13 March 2021 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414011853/https://statues.vanderkrogt.net/object.php?record=debe042 . live .
- Web site: Scala Archives – Images details . Scala Archives . 6 December 2020 .
- Web site: 'Pantheon of the Immortals' . Statues – Hither & Thither . 23 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425110938/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=gbwm069 . live .
- Web site: Das Beethoven-Denkmal in Heiligenstadt, um 1910 – Fotografie der Plastik von Robert Weigl . . 21 September 2020 . 1 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201001172900/https://www.beethoven.de/en/media/view/5391923544064000/Das+Beethoven-Denkmal+in+Heiligenstadt,+um+1910+-+Fotografie+der+Plastik+von+Robert+Weigl?fromArchive=5973500032450560 . live .
- News: Whiting . Sam . 14 February 2015 . Panama-Pacific International Expo: Tracking down the artifacts . . subscription . 27 September 2020 . 8 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092132/https://www.sfchronicle.com/entertainment/article/Panama-Pacific-International-Expo-Tracking-down-6080580.php . live .
- News: 5 June 2011 . Cuando el río se vincula con la ciudad . When the river meets the city . . Spanish . 18 February 2021 . 7 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220407111708/https://www.elterritorio.com.ar/noticias/2011/06/05/263497-cuando-el-rio-se-vincula-con-la-ciudad . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Gedenktafel (3, Ungargasse 5) . Beethoven memorial plaque (3, Ungargasse 5) . geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at . . German . 18 March 2021 .
- News: 12 January 2021 . Bleibt gesund! . Stay Healthy! . kozterkep.hu . . German . 13 January 2021 . 13 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113115354/https://deutsch.radio.cz/bleibt-gesund-8705268 . live .
- Web site: Badener Zukerln: Aus der Arbeit des Stadarchivs . Badener Zukerln: From the work of the city archive . Rollett Museum . German . 18 March 2021 . 29 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200929000145/https://rollettmuseum.at/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Nr.-43-Beethoven-vor-dem-Sauerhof-creator.pdf . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-szobor . Beethoven-statue . kozterkep.hu . Köztérkép Mozgalom . Hungarian . 14 November 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000623/https://www.kozterkep.hu/4830/beethoven-szobor . live .
- Web site: Nürnberg – Ludwig van Beethoven. Statues – Hither & Thither. 8 May 2021. 10 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143801/https://statues.vanderkrogt.net/object.php?record=deby236. live.
- Web site: Ludwig Van Beethoven's Monument . karlovyvary.cz . 5 March 2013 . Information centre Karlovy Vary . 2 December 2020 . 9 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200809202631/https://www.karlovyvary.cz/en/ludwig-van-beethovens-monument . live .
- Book: Pap . Miklós . Székely . László . Vitéz . András . Aradi . Nóra . 1964 . Budapest; a guide to the capital of Hungary . Corvina Press . Budapest, Hungary . 160 . At present a statue of Beethoven by János Horvay (1932), and the statue of the “Tyrolese Sharpshooter" by Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl (1940), ornament the park . 80881 .
- Web site: Beethoven szobra a Városmajorban, 1933-35-ös éve . gallery.hungaricana.hu . Hungaricana . Hungarian . 12 October 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000651/https://gallery.hungaricana.hu/en/BudapestGyujtemeny/1049443/?list=eyJmaWx0ZXJzIjogeyJDSU1LRSI6IFsiMTkzMC1hcyBcdTAwZTl2ZWsiXSwgIkRBVEFCQVNFIjogWyJQSE9UT1MiXSwgIlRFTEVQVUxFUyI6IFsiQnVkYXBlc3QiXX0sICJxdWVyeSI6ICJTWk89KFwiS1wiKSJ9&img=0 . live .
- News: Harrison . Scott . 25 September 2018 . From the Archives: 'Know Your City' No. 4 – Beethoven statue . . 27 September 2020 . 9 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005731/https://www.latimes.com/visuals/photography/la-me-fw-archives-know-your-city-no-4-beethoven-statur-20180911-htmlstory.html . live .
- Web site: Ludwig van Beethoven . Statues – Hither & Thither . 13 January 2021 .
- Web site: Peter Christian Breuer's Beethoven monument . April 2002 . . 24 September 2020 . 9 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201009022057/https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethoven-monuments-of-the-19th-and-20th-century/id17.html . live .
- Book: 1991 . [{{google books|plainurl=y|id=8nPjAAAAMAAJ}} Manual informativo de la ciudad de Buenos Aires ]. Information manual of the city of Buenos Aires . Instituto Histórico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires . Spanish . Buenos Aires, Argentina . 370 .
- Web site: Dem Genius Beethoven . Frankfurt Tourism . 21 September 2020 . 17 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161117191739/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/en/Media/Attractions/Dem-Genius-Beethoven . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste (von Rotter) . Statues – Hither & Thither . 1 December 2020 .
- Web site: Graz – Ludwig van Beethoven. Statues – Hither & Thither. 8 May 2021. 8 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508084209/https://statues.vanderkrogt.net/object.php?webpage=ST&record=atst026. live.
- Web site: XII. kerület . XII. district . budapestgaleria.hu . . Hungarian . 18 February 2021 . 14 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200814020457/http://budapestgaleria.hu/_/kozteri-muvek-budapesten/12-kerulet/ . live .
- Web site: Die Beethoven-Stele in Hlohovec – Fotografie eines anonymen Denkmals . The Beethoven stele in Hlohovec – photograph of an anonymous monument . . German . 18 February 2021 .
- News: Buja . Maureen . 17 November 2020 . Monumental Beethoven . Interlude . 18 February 2021 . 1 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201201151322/https://interlude.hk/monumental-beethoven/ . live .
- News: Gupta . Sujay . 24 September 2017 . Longing and Belonging in the Lanes of Siolim . . 24 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000623/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Business-With-Pleasure/LONGING-AND-BELONGING-IN-THE-LANES-OF-SIOLIM/120479 . live .
- News: 24 September 1981 . Bonn regala un busto de Beethoven para el madrileño parque de Berlín . Bonn gives away a Beethoven bust for Madrid's Berlin park . . 13 March 2021 .
- Web site: Treasures of "Naruto-Daiku" . city.naruto.tokushima.jp . Naruto City – Division for Cultural and Exchange Promotion . 14 November 2020 . 16 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201116013822/https://www.city.naruto.tokushima.jp/contents/daiku/english/treasure.html . live .
- Web site: Monumento A Beethoven . 2023-11-14 . turismodeobservacion.com . es.
- Web site: Ludwig Van Beethoven . . 12 April 2021 . 12 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412070151/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/ludwig-van-beethoven-yuan-xikun/-QGVnoYyO7OLXA?hl=en . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Büste (von Mohr) . Statues – Hither & Thither . 23 March 2021 . 26 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210426000736/https://vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=denw455 . live .
- Web site: Markus Lüpertz – Beethoven . stiftungkunst.de . Foundation for Art and Culture . 21 September 2020 . 24 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201024004832/http://www.stiftungkunst.de/kultur/en/projekt/markus-luepertz-beethoven/ . live .
- News: A Szerk . 1 January 2015 . Beethoven és a halhatatlan kedves megható története . Librarius . Hungarian . 14 November 2020 . 16 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201116094133/https://librarius.hu/2015/05/01/beethoven-es-a-halhatatlan-kedves-meghato-tortenete/ . live .
- Encyclopedia: Le Normand-Romain . Antoinette . 2003 . . Bourdelle, Emile-Antoine . . Oxford, UK . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T010574 . 978-1-884446-05-4 . subscription . 13 March 2021 .
- Web site: Beethoven with Abundant Hair (Study for the "Third Sculpture of Beethoven") | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution . . collections.si.edu . 21 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000625/https://collections.si.edu/search/record/hmsg_86.546 . live .
- Web site: Head of Beethoven. Cleveland Museum of Art. 8 May 2021. 4 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201104071900/https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1960.82. live.
- Web site: Head of Beethoven | Cleveland Museum of Art . . 21 September 2020 . 4 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201104071900/https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1960.82 . live .
- Web site: Philadelphia Museum of Art – Collections Object: Beethoven with Long Hair . . 21 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000629/https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/76742.html?mulR=37757863%7C2 . live .
- Web site: [hhttps://app.cuseum.com/art/emile-antoine-bourdelle-tragic-mask-of-beethoven Tragic Mask of Beethoven ]. listart.mit.edu . . 3 August 2024 . 20 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210320013411/https://listart.mit.edu/public-art-map/tragic-mask-beethoven . live .
- Web site: Émile-Antoine Bourdelle. Beethoven. 1901 | MoMA . . 21 September 2020 . 17 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201117131201/https://www.moma.org/collection/works/81808 . live .
- Web site: Buste de Beethoven . pop.culture.gouv.fr . . French . 21 September 2020 . 21 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200221153501/https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/joconde/06070001131 . live .
- Post-factual Music Historiography: Legends of Art–Religion. Musicology. Helmut. Loos. Helmut Loos. 2019. 26. 100. 8 May 2021. 7 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200307054456/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-9814/2019/1450-98141926091L.pdf. live.
- Web site: Beethoven representations under the influence of Auguste Rodin . . 11 April 2021 . 11 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210411192443/https://internet.beethoven.de/de/ausstellung/beethoven-denkmaeler-des-19-und-20-jahrhunderts/id12.html . live .
- Web site: Buste de Ludwig van Beethoven . Bust of Ludwig van Beethoven . pop.culture.gouv.fr . . French . 18 March 2021 .
- Web site: Musée d'Orsay: Emile-Antoine Bourdelle Ludwig van Beethoven . . 21 September 2020 . 3 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160803091019/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/sculpture/commentaire_id/ludwig-van-beethoven-2224.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=842&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=729&cHash=6b02e7f662&S=1 . live .
- News: Santacreu . Élisabeth . 23 December 2020 . Beethoven, jumeau choisi de Bourdelle . Beethoven, Bourdelle's chosen twin . . French . 18 March 2021 . 21 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121191150/https://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/expositions/beethoven-jumeau-choisi-de-bourdelle-152359 . live .
- Web site: Antoine-Emile Bourdelle | Beethoven | French | The Met . . 21 September 2020 . 16 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716200259/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/195515 . live .
- Book: I Casaretto . 1948 . Estatuaria urbana de Montevideo (capital de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay) . Urban statuary of Montevideo (capital of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay) . Colombino . Montevideo, Uruguay . 34 (by PDF page number) . 493905983 . 19 March 2021 . 27 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210427173014/https://anaforas.fic.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5747/1/Estatuaria.pdf . live .
- Web site: Work: Beethoven, Head with Grapes – Emile-Antoine Bourdelle (Museums of Occitanie) . musees-occitanie.fr . . 21 September 2020 .
- Web site: La Pathétique, 1929 . artmuseum.princeton.edu . . 21 September 2020 . 2 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202000630/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/24258 . live .
- Web site: Monument à Beethoven . Monument to Beethoven . French . anosgrandshommes.musee-orsay.fr . . 23 March 2021 . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425030938/https://anosgrandshommes.musee-orsay.fr/index.php/Detail/objects/15069 . live .
- Web site: Beethoven . . 18 March 2021 . 13 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043351/https://www.ohara.or.jp/en/gallery/beethoven/ . live .
- Web site: Beethoven-Plastik – Fotografie eines Modells von Ernst Barlach, 1926 . Beethoven sculpture – photograph of a model by Ernst Barlach, 1926 . . German . 23 March 2021 .