List of miscellaneous fake news websites explained

See main article: List of fake news websites. This is a list of miscellaneous fake news websites that don't fit into any of the other fake news website lists such as these lists of:

List

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
24online.news24online.newsImpostor site, per PolitiFact[1]
24usainfo.com24usainfo.com[2]
24x365live.com24x365live.comPer PolitiFact.
365 US News365usnews.comPer FactCheck.org.[3] [4]
7 News Political7newspolitical.sitePer FactCheck.org.[5]
70 News70news.wordpress.comA WordPress-hosted site that published a false news story, stating that Donald Trump had won the popular vote in the 2016 United States presidential election; the fake story rose to the top in searches for "final election results" on Google News.[6] [7]
A Folha BrasilSpoof of Folha de S.Paulo.[8]
Afrikan-daily.comAfrikan-daily.comSpoof of the African Daily Voice.[9]
AfricaZillaafricazilla.comImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.[10]
aldipest.comaldipest.com
America FansAmericafans.comPer FactCheck.org.
americanflare.comamericanflare.com
AmericanFlavor.newsAmericanFlavor.newsPer PolitiFact.
AmericanPoliticNews.coAmericanPoliticNews.coPer PolitiFact.
American Journal ReviewAmericanjournalreview.comPer FactCheck.org.
American News (Anews-24.com)Anews-24.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Published the same story as Daily Feed News.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[11] [12]
The American NewsTheamericanews.coPer FactCheck.org.
American PrideAmericanprides.comPer FactCheck.org.
American Revieweramericanreviewer.comFalsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration.[13]
American Todayamericantoday.usPer PolitiFactFalsely claimed that Barron Trump was hospitalized for pneumonia.Manipulated and misattributed celebrity quote.[14] [15]
americasnewest.comamericasnewest.com
ANews24.orgANews24.orgPer PolitiFact.[16]
The Angry PatriotAngryPatriotMovement.comPer PolitiFact.
Anonjekloy.tkAnonjekloy.tkPer PolitiFact.
AntiNews.comAntiNews.comPer PolitiFact.
Anti News Networkunseen-pedia.comSpread false claims about government-incentivized microchipping.[17]
Are You Asleepareyouasleep.com
ArmyUSANews.comArmyUSANews.comPer PolitiFact.Reposted story from the Last Line of Defense.[18]
Astronomy-Physics.comAstronomy-Physics.comFalsely claimed that the Perseid meteor shower of 2017 would be "the brightest ... in recorded human history."[19] [20]
Attitude.co.ukAttitude.co.ukPer PolitiFact.
Aurora-News.usAurora-News.usImpostor site, per PolitiFact
theavocadonews.comtheavocadonews.com
Awareness ActAwarenessAct.comPer PolitiFact.
baldwinpost.combaldwinpost.com[21]
Barracuda BrigadeBB4SP.comPer PolitiFact.
bbc.org.sa.combbc.org.sa.comSpoof of BBC.[22]
Before It's Newsbeforeitsnews.comBefore It's News and InfoWars were described as "unabashedly unhinged 'news' sites" in 2014 by The Washington Post following its promotion of conspiracy theories relating to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.Owned by Chris Kitze, who is also on the executive board of the Epoch Times.[23] [24]
BenjaminFulford.typepad.comBenjaminFulford.typepad.comPer PolitiFact.
BestThings.usBestThings.usPer PolitiFact.Spread a fabricated celebrity quote that originated from a Facebook page.[25]
betshort.combetshort.com[26]
Big Blue Visionbigbluevision.org
Big Nugget Newsbignuggetnews.com
BiohackinfoBioHackInfo.comSpread COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories.[27] [28] [29] [30] [31]
Bioreports.netbioreports.netImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.
Bipartisan Reportbipartisanreport.comOnce describing itself at "the internet's largest newspaper", its content is written from a heavily liberal-biased perspective. It has been described as a clickbait and fake news website by Danny Westneat of The Seattle Times, and its articles have been debunked by PolitiFact and Snopes.[32] [33] [34]
bistonglobe.combistonglobe.comImitates The Boston Globe.[35] [36]
BlackInsuranceNews.comBlackInsuranceNews.comPer PolitiFact.Reposted article from satirical site FreeWoodPost.com, without satirical disclaimer.[37]
BlingNews.comBlingNews.comPer FactCheck.org.
Bloomberg.marketBloomberg.marketDefunctDesigned to imitate Bloomberg.com. Was used to issue a false report announcing that Twitter had received a US$31 billion takeover offer, resulting in a brief 8% stock price spike of Twitter. The site is now defunct.[38] [39]
BlueLineStrong.netBlueLineStrong.netPer PolitiFact.Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.[40]
Blue Vision PostBluevisionpost.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.
bollywoodmasaladay.xyzbollywoodmasaladay.xyzPublished false quotes from celebrities.[41] [42]
borntoberight.comborntoberight.comFalsely claimed that Kathy Griffin was jailed in 2017.[43]
BreakingNewsBlast.comBreakingNewsBlast.comPer PolitiFact.
thebreakingnews.todaythebreakingnews.todayHas the same IP address as conservativedaily.info[44]
Breaking TopBreakingtop.worldPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.
Brexit Betrayal NewsRegistered in the United States. Posted stories about QAnon.[45]
Buffalo Chroniclebuffalochronicle.comAn American fake news website that has promoted fake stories related to Canadian politics.[46] [47]
But Thats None Of My Businessbutthatsnoneofmybusiness.comDescribed by Snopes and Lead Stories as "hoax" sites.[48] [49] [50]
BuzzBeedbuzzbeed.comNot to be confused with BuzzFeed.Part of a network created by far-right activists in France.[51] [52] [53]
Cairns News (Australia)cairnsnews.orgAnti-vaccine website that falsely claimed that two young girls died after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination on the Gold Coast, Australia.[54] [55]
CannaSOSCannaSOS.comPer PolitiFact.[56]
CelebSagacelebsaga.comReposted a false story from Conservative Beaver.[57]
chicagotribunesnews.comchicagotribunesnews.comImitates the Chicago Tribune.
choiceandtruth.comchoiceandtruth.com
ChristianTimesNewspaper.comChristianTimesNewspaper.comImpostor site for Christian Times. Falsely claimed voter fraud on behalf of Hillary Clinton.Owned by an aide to David E. Vogt III, whom was let go upon disclosure of the ownership by The New York Times.[58] [59] [60]
ChristianToday.infoChristianToday.infoPer PolitiFact.
chuckcallesto.blogspot.comchuckcallesto.blogspot.com
Clash DailyClashDaily.comPer PolitiFact.
Clear Politicsclear-politics.comPer FactCheck.org.
clubsocial-ny.comclubsocial-ny.comHas the same IP address as conservativedaily.info
CNewsGo.comCNewsGo.comPer PolitiFact.
CNN-Business-News.gaCNN-Business-News.gaImpostor site of CNN
CNNews3.comCNNews3.comImpostor site of CNN. Ran false story about HIV infection from bananas.
COEDcoed.comFalsely claimed a Black Lives Matter protest at Dartmouth College in 2015 turned violent.[61]
CoffeeBreakForYou.comCoffeeBreakForYou.comPer PolitiFact.
Consciously Enlightenedconsciouslyenlightened.com
Conservative7.comConservative7.comPer PolitiFact.
conservativedaily.infoconservativedaily.info
conservativefighter.comconservativefighter.comSpread false story about Trump removing a federal judge.
conservativeinsider.coconservativeinsider.co
theconservativeonline.infotheconservativeonline.infoHas the same Google AdSense account as conservativedaily.info
conservativeonline.netconservativeonline.netHas the same Google AdSense account as conservativedaily.info
ConservativeSpirit.comConservativeSpirit.comPer PolitiFact.
conservativestudio.comconservativestudio.com
ConservativeView.infoConservativeView.infoPer PolitiFact.
Conservative AngleConservativeangle.comPer FactCheck.org.
Conservative NationConsnation.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[62]
Conservative PostConservativepost.comPer FactCheck.org.
The Conservative TreehouseTheconservativetreehouse.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. In 2020, it promoted a conspiracy theory that Buffalo police shoving incident victim Martin Gugino was a member of Antifa, which was tweeted out by then-U.S. president Donald Trump.[63]
Consinfoconsinfo.usPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.
cooltobeconservative.comcooltobeconservative.com
cosonline.cncosonline.cnImpostor site, per DomainTools.
CyceonCyceon.comSpread false claim about Emmanuel Macron's tax policy proposal during the 2017 French Presidential Election.
Daily Feed Newsdailyfeed.newsPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[64]
dailynews3.comdailynews3.com
dailynews33.comdailynews33.com
Daily Occupationdailyoccupation.com
The Daily Presserdailypresser.comReposted false story from Your News Wire about Clinton body count conspiracy theory.[65] [66]
Daily SurgeDailySurge.comPer PolitiFact.Cited story from World News Daily Report.[67]
DailyThings.worldDailyThings.worldPer PolitiFact.
Daily Insider NewsDailyinsidernews.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.
DamnLeaks.comDamnLeaks.comPer PolitiFact.
DefenseUsa.clubDefenseUsa.clubPer PolitiFact.
DemocraticMoms.comDemocraticMoms.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from Politicalo.com.[68]
DemocraticUnderground.comdemocraticmnderground.comPer PolitiFact.
DepartedMedia.comdepartedmedia.comPer PolitiFact.Published false stories with fabricated images.[69] [70]
Diário do Brasildiariodobrasil.orgImposter news portal site in Brazil.[71] [72]
Dildo the Donalddildothedonald.us[73]
DisabledVeterans.orgdisabledveterans.orgSpread misinformation about vaccines and COVID-19.[74]
Disclose.tvdisclose.tvA German disinformation outlet that started out as a UFO conspiracy forum before rebranding as a news aggregator in 2021. It pushes far-right content, anti-vaccine narratives and conspiracy theories, and platforms hate speech, including Holocaust denial and neo-Nazism, on its message groups.[75] [76] [77]
The Disinfo Labthedisinfolab.orgOwned by an officer of India's foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing.[78] [79]
DIYHours.netDIYHours.netPer PolitiFact.
donaldtrumpdaily.infodonaldtrumpdaily.infoHas the same Google AdSense account as conservativedaily.info
donaldtrumpliedto.usdonaldtrumpliedto.us
DonaldTrumpPOTUS45.comDonaldTrumpPOTUS45.comPer PolitiFact.
Embolsembols.com
Empire Heraldempireherald.comStarting in January 2016, this fake news site had spread many of its hoaxes online in just a few weeks.Cited story from World News Daily Report.[80] [81] [82] [83]
ENHENHLive.comPer PolitiFact.Copied false story from the Boston Tribune.[84] [85]
enVolveEn-volve.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.
Every News Hereeverynewshere.com
The Exposéexpose-news.comBritish conspiracist website known for publishing COVID-19 and anti-vaccine misinformation. One of its articles was cited by Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro in a speech falsely claiming that people vaccinated against COVID-19 were developing AIDS.Copied a false story from The People's Voice.[86] [87] [88] [89] [90]
The Exposédailyexpose.ukURL variation.[91]
FactRider.comFactRider.comPer PolitiFact.
Famous Viral Storiesfamousviralstories.com
FanMagazine.itFanMagazine.itSpread false claims about cures for COVID-19.[92]
fanzinger.comfanzinger.com
The Federalist NationFederalistnation.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[93]
The Federalist Tribunefederalisttribune.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.
Fellowship of the MindsFellowshipoftheminds.comPer FactCheck.org.[94]
FirstpostFirstPost.comPer PolitiFact.Includes "a 'Faking News' section full of intentionally bogus content 'to attract your attention.'"[95]
Flash News CornerFlashnewscorner.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.[96]
Flopping Acesfloppingaces.netInvolved in the Jamil Hussein controversy.[97] [98]
FocusNews.infoFocusNews.infoPer PolitiFact.[99]
ForFreedomWorld.comForFreedomWorld.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[100]
FR24News.comfr24news.comImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.
freddymag.comfreddymag.comFabricated story about Kendrick Lamar.[101] [102] [103]
FreedomsFinalStand.comFreedomsFinalStand.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[104]
FreeInfoMedia.comFreeInfoMedia.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[105]
Free RepublicFreeRepublic.comPer PolitiFact.
friendsofsyria.wordpress.comfriendsofsyria.wordpress.com
data-sort-value="Gateway" Pundit The Gateway Punditthegatewaypundit.comA far-right fake news website that repeatedly publishes false stories, including a story involving an unsubstantiated claim that Special Counsel head Robert Mueller sexually assaulted someone.[106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114]
GiveMeLiberty01.comGiveMeLiberty01.comPer PolitiFact.
Globalresearch.caGlobalresearch.caPrincipal website of the Centre for Research on Globalization, which The Economist in April 2017 called "a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories," and NATO information warfare specialists in November 2017 linked to a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media.[115] [116]
The-Global-News.comThe-Global-News.comPer PolitiFact.
good-kingnews.comgood-kingnews.comPlagiarized article by the Los Angeles Times.[117] [118]
GOP The Daily DoseGOPTheDailyDose.comPosted anti-Muslim stories and celebrity quotes taken out of context.[119]
Gossip Mill Mzansigossipmillsa.comA fake news website using Wordpress, targeting South African affairs. Its misinformation is spread on social media including Facebook and Twitter.[120] [121] [122]
The Grayzonethegrayzone.comOwned by Max Blumenthal, The Grayzone is known for its sympathetic views towards contemporary authoritarian regimes such as Venezuela, Russia and China, as well as conspiracy theories such as and disinformation distributed by the Russian government.[123] [124] [125] [126]
GreatGameIndia MagazineGreatGameIndia.comSpread COVID-19 vaccine misinformation.[127] [128]
Greenville Gazettegreenvillegazette.com[129] [130]
Gummy Postgummypost.comFake news website that has published claims about President Obama issuing a full pardon for convicted rapper C-Murder, musician Kodak Black getting shot outside a nightclub in Florida, and a Hulk Hogan death hoax.[131] [132] [133]
Hal Turner Showhalturnershow.comOperated by Hal Turner, who is described as an extremist and white supremacist by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
HealthyCareAndBeauty.comHealthyCareAndBeauty.comPer PolitiFact.
Healthy Living Threadhealthylivingthread.comFalsely claimed that nearly 70% of olive oil brands in the USA had canola oil or sunflower oil.
HeightPost.comHeightPost.comPer PolitiFact.
Higher PerspectivesHigherPerspectives.comPer PolitiFact.[134]
hoggwatch.ushoggwatch.us
The Honey Pot Timesthetrojanhoneypot.wordpress.comImpostor site set up by fact-checker to catch business2community.com plagiarizing their work.[135]
I Have The Truthihavethetruth.comPublished false story claiming that a student carrying a concealed weapon helped stop a knife attack at the University of Texas Austin in 2017.[136]
IdeaSpots.comIdeaSpots.comPer PolitiFact.
Igor's Newsletterigor-chudov.comPublished anti-vaccine misinformation.[137]
iMzansiimzansi.comFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.[138]
Independent MinuteIndependentMinute.comPer PolitiFact.[139]
IndiaTimes.comIndiaTimes.comPer PolitiFact.
instanthelp24.icuinstanthelp24.icuPublished hoax on missing child. Flagged by Google as potential phishing site.[140]
InterestingDailyNews.comInterestingDailyNews.comPer PolitiFact.
The International Reportertheinternationalreporter.org
TheInternetPost.netTheInternetPost.netPer PolitiFact.
In Trend Todayintrendtoday.com
iPatriotipatriot.com
IsThatLegit.comIsThatLegit.comPer PolitiFact.Copied false story from BostonLeader.com with out-of-context imagery.[141] [142]
Jews Newsjewsnews.co.ilPer PolitiFact.Reposted a false story from FrontPage Magazine.[143]
Judicial Watchjudicialwatch.orgConservative activist group known for making false and unsubstantiated claims and filing lawsuits to investigate claimed misconduct, the vast majority of which have been dismissed by courts.[144] [145]
kata33.comkata33.com
KBC14.comKBC14.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
ΚΒΟΙ2.comΚΒΟΙ2.comNotable for its use of the IDN homograph attack, this fake news site used lookalike letters from other scripts (news coverage of the spoof did not specify which, though the examples listed demonstrate Greek and Cyrillic examples) to spoof the legitimate television station KBOI-TV's website in 2011. (The real KBOI site has since moved to a new domain, IdahoNews.com.) The sole purpose of the fake KBOI site was to spread an April Fool's Day joke regarding Justin Bieber being banned in the state.[146] [147]
KCST7.comKCST7.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
KF13.comKF13.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
klponews.comklponews.com
Konkonsagh.bizKonkonsagh.bizPer PolitiFact.
KRB7.comKRB7.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
krbcnews.comkrbcnews.com
krebsonsecurity.orgkrebsonsecurity.orgImitates Krebs on Security.
KTY24news.comKTY24news.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
LadyLibertysNews.comLadyLibertysNews.comPer PolitiFact.[148]
landrypost.comlandrypost.com
lanuevaprensa.netlanuevaprensa.netSpoof of La Nueva Prensa, a news website in Colombia.[149]
LastDeplorables.comLastDeplorables.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[150]
Law Enforcement Todaylawenforcementtoday.comPublished fake news about police relations amid the George Floyd protests and source of Oregon fires, as well as material by QAnon supporters.[151] [152] [153] [154]
Lead Patriotleadpatriot.com
LearnProgress.orgLearnProgress.orgPer PolitiFact.[155] [156]
LiberalPlug.comLiberalPlug.comPer PolitiFact.Fabricated a quote from a fictitious politician in the United States House of Representatives.[157]
Liberty-Courier.comLiberty-Courier.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.
LibertyAlliance.comLibertyAlliance.comPer PolitiFact.
Liberty Writers NewsLibertyWritersNews.comEstablished in 2015 by Paris Wade and Ben Goldman, who told The Washington Post their stories focus on "violence and chaos and aggressive wording" to attract readers. The stories reflect the positions of supporters of Donald Trump.A 2018 report by Buzzfeed News linked Wade and Goldman to a Macedonian media attorney who operated numerous "fake news" websites during the six month lead-up to the 2016 Presidential Election. As of 2018, the governments of the United States and "at least two Western European countries" were investigating a possible connection between the Macedonian fake news sites and the Internet Research Agency, as an IRA employee was known to visit North Macedonia in 2015.[158] [159] [160]
The Lightthelightpaper.co.ukPublished misleading COVID vaccination claims.[161]
LinkBeeflinkbeef.comFake news website that has published claims about the pilot of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 reappearing, a billionaire wanting to recruit 1,000 women to bear his children, and an Adam Sandler death hoax. [162] [163] [164]
LiveMonitorlivemonitor.co.zaFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.
lockerdome.comlockerdome.comFalsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration.
London Web Newslondonwebnews.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.[165]
losdanieles.netlosdanieles.netSpoof of Los Danieles. Same owner as lanuevaprensa.net.
MadWorldNews.comMadWorldNews.comPer PolitiFact.[166] [167]
Maine Republic Email AlertMainerepublicemailalert.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[168]
Major ThoughtsMajorThoughts.comPer PolitiFact.[169] [170]
mangozhc.ccmangozhc.ccPosted same story as WhatRegistrater.com.[171]
MBGA NewsMBGAnews.comBrexit-related site that redirects to the Red Pill Factory, which was registered in the USA.
MediaMaxZone.comMediaMaxZone.comPer PolitiFact.[172]
mediazone.newsmediazone.news
Mentor2day.comMentor2day.comPer PolitiFact.
MetropolitanWorlds.comMetropolitanWorlds.comPer PolitiFact.
MMinfo24.comMMinfo24.comPer FactCheck.org.
TheMoralOfTheStory.usTheMoralOfTheStory.usPer PolitiFact.
Morning Heraldmorning-herald.comPer FactCheck.org
MSFanPagemsfanpage.link
MSMBC.coMSMBC.coSpoof of MSNBC. Falsely claimed that Steve Burns died in a car accident.[173] [174]
msnbc.websitemsnbc.websiteSpoof of MSNBC.
MV-media (formerly MV-lehti)mvlehti.orgA Finnish fake news website that publishes disinformation, pseudoscience, conspiracy theories and Russian state propaganda. The publication has links to the far-right Soldiers of Odin.[175] [176] [177] [178]
Mzansi LIVEmzansilive.co.zaFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.[179]
Mzansi Storiesmzansistories.comFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.
Naha Dailynahadaily.comDefunctThis fake news website is now defunct, and was active in a span of five months with fake news articles, including a fake quote by Michael Kors.
Nation.com.pkNation.com.pkPer PolitiFact.
National Insider Politicsnationalinsiderpolitics.com[180]
TheNationalMarijuanaNews.comTheNationalMarijuanaNews.comPer PolitiFact.
NativeAmericans.usNativeAmericans.usPer PolitiFact.
nbcpoll.conbcpoll.coFalsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration.
Nephef.comNephef.comPer PolitiFact.
TheNet24h.comTheNet24h.comPer PolitiFact.
Nevo Newsnevo.newsDescribed by Snopes as a "clickbait web site". Accused by the ADL of inciting violence against Barack Obama.[181]
news14kgpn.comnews14kgpn.com
news14now.comnews14now.com
NewsBreakHere.comNewsBreakHere.comPer PolitiFact.
NewsBreakingsPipe.comNewsBreakingsPipe.comPer PolitiFact.
NewsBySquad.comNewsBySquad.comPer PolitiFact.
NewsConservative.comNewsConservative.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[182]
newsdag.comnewsdag.comImpostor site, per DomainTools
newsdaily10.comnewsdaily10.com
NewsForMeToday.comNewsForMeToday.comPer PolitiFact.Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.[183]
NewsJustForYou1.blogspot.comNewsJustForYou1.blogspot.comPer PolitiFact.[184]
newsmagazinehouse.co.uknewsmagazinehouse.co.uk
newsnow17.comnewsnow17.com
NewsOfTrump.comNewsOfTrump.comPer PolitiFact.[185]
NewsUpToday.comNewsUpToday.comPer PolitiFact.[186]
newshubs.infonewshubs.info
NewsWatch28newswatch28.comPrevious alias for NewsWatch33.[187]
newswatch33.comBegan in April 2015 under the name NewsWatch28, later becoming NewsWatch33. The website disguises itself as a local television outlet. It has also been known to mix real news along with its fake news in an attempt to circumvent Facebook's crackdown on them.Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.[188]
NewzMagazine.comNewzMagazine.comPer PolitiFact.Part of an online scam network.[189]
NY Evening NewsNyeveningnews.comPer FactCheck.org.[190]
New York Times Postnytimespost.comImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.
NNettle.comNNettle.comPer PolitiFact.
now77news.comnow77news.comSpread false claim about Charles Manson being granted parole in 2017.[191]
NYC Postnycpost.proImpostor site of The New York Post.[192]
nydaiylnews.comnydaiylnews.comImitates The New York Daily News.
nymeta.conymeta.coPer BuzzFeed News and the Associated Press.[193] [194]
nytimesofficial.comnytimesofficial.comImpostor site of The New York Times.
ObserverOnline.newsObserverOnline.newsImpostor site, per PolitiFact
ourthoughtsnprayers.comourthoughtsnprayers.com
Palmer Reportpalmerreport.comHyperpartisan liberal political blog known for publishing unsubstantiated or false claims and conspiracy theories, especially on matters relating to Donald Trump and Russia[195] [196] [197] [198]
Patriot CrierPatriotCrier.comPer PolitiFact.[199] [200]
Patriot HangoutPatriothangout.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied article from The Rightists, a satire site.[201]
PatriotUSA.websitePatriotUSA.websitePer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[202] [203]
patriotsontheright.compatriotsontheright.comFalsely claimed that Kathy Griffin was jailed in 2017.
Political Mayhem NewsPoliticalMayhem.newsPer PolitiFact.
The Political TribuneThepoliticaltribune.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.
PoliticsPaper.comPoliticsPaper.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[204]
PoliticsUSANews.comPoliticsUSANews.comPer PolitiFact.
PositiveDaily.comPositiveDaily.comPer PolitiFact.
Postcard Newspostcard.newsPostcard News is an Indian far-right propaganda and news website. In 2019, its founder, Mahesh Hegde, was arrested for a second time on charges of spreading fake news. Repeatedly shared on social media by BJP leaders.[205] [206] [207] [208]
Power DailyPowerdaily.usPer FactCheck.org.[209]
President 45 Donald TrumpPresident45donaldtrump.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.[210]
Proud Patriotswetheproudpatriots.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.[211]
Prntlyprntly.comA politically conservative news site described by Snopes as "a disreputable outlet that has a penchant for publishing both fake news and spurious pro-Trump articles".Copied story from Now 8 News.[212] [213] [214]
ProudLeader.comProudLeader.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[215]
Puppet String NewsPuppetstringnews.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.[216] [217]
RAIR Foundation USArairfoundation.comSpread anti-vaccine misinformation.[218] [219]
therealconservative.infotherealconservative.infoHas the same IP address as conservativedaily.info
RealTrueNewsRealTrueNews.orgCreated as a hoax that the author believed would teach his alt-right friends about reader gullibility.[220] [221]
RearFront.comRearFront.comPer PolitiFact.[222]
Red Pill FactoryRedPillFactory.ukPublished false/partisan claims related to immigration, the yellow vest movement and Brexit.
RedRockTribune.comRedRockTribune.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
Red State WatcherRedStateWatcher.comA right-leaning news aggregator, the Washington Post supported the claim that the website's associated Facebook page may have had more user interactions than that of Donald Trump's personal Facebook page as of July 2016.Spread false claims against Hillary Clinton during the 2016 US Presidential election, COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and the Pizzagate conspiracy theory. Posted an out-of-context video about Donald Trump and Sadiq Khan.Accused by the ADL of inciting violence against Barack Obama.[223] [224] [225] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230]
ReflectionofMind.orgReflectionofMind.orgPer PolitiFact.Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.
ref-was-adv.sopq-net-q8.xyzref-was-adv.sopq-net-q8.xyzA site impersonating a Saudi news website[231] [232]
ReligionMind.comReligionMind.comPer PolitiFact.Published a false story with an out-of-context image and a fabricated attribution to Human Rights Watch.

Copied a story from World News Daily Report.

[233] [234] [235]
thereporterz.comStarting in early 2016, this fake news website penned several different hoaxes, including one about a murder over a Twitter trend.
Revolutions2040.comRevolutions2040.comPer PolitiFact.
rickwells.usrickwells.us
rightforever.comrightforever.comFalsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration.
Rile Newsrilenews.com
Rogue-Nation3.comRogue-Nation3.comPer PolitiFact.
TheRooster.comTheRooster.comPer PolitiFact.
RumorJournal.comRumorJournal.comPer PolitiFact.Copied article from The Rightists, a satire site.[236] [237] [238]
Santa Monica Observersmobserved.comPublished false claims about Paul Pelosi in the aftermath of him being attacked in October 2022.[239] [240]
saynotopot.ussaynotopot.us
Slay Newsslaynews.comThis website has published claims such as that the World Economic Forum wants to use artificial intelligence to write a new bible.Copied a false story from The People's Voice.[241] [242]
Smag31.comSmag31.comPer PolitiFact.[243] [244]
TheSmokersClub.comTheSmokersClub.comPer PolitiFact.
SnoopackSnoopack.comPublished a false story with an out-of-context image.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[245] [246] [247] [248]
snopesisridiculo.ussnopesisridiculo.us
SocialEverythings.comSocialEverythings.comPer PolitiFact.
The SolexchangeTheSolExchange.comPer PolitiFact.Copied a false story from CannaSOS.
South Africa Latest Newssouthafricalatestnews.co.zaFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.
South Africa Uncutsouthafricauncut.comPer Africa Check and News24.[249] [250]
SouthernConservativeExtra.comSouthernConservativeExtra.comPer PolitiFact.Copied an article from truetrumpers.com, a fake news site based in North Macedonia.[251]
sozcu.todaysozcu.todaySpoof of Sözcü.[252]
Special News USASpecialNewsUSA.comPer FactCheck.org.
Spinzonspinzon.com[253] [254]
statenation.costatenation.co
Stillness In The StormStillnessInTheStorm.comPer PolitiFact.[255]
Super Station 95SuperStation95.comPirate radio station and corresponding website operated by Hal Turner, who is described as an extremist and white supremacist by the Southern Poverty Law Center.[256] [257] [258] [259] [260] [261] [262]
Supreme PatriotSupremePatriot.comPer PolitiFact.
TD Newswiretdnewswire.com
TDT AllianceTDTAlliance.comPer PolitiFact.Impostor site of Fox News. Fabricated a story with quotes from fictitious persons.[263] [264] [265]
TeaParty.org (1776 Tea Party)TeaParty.orgPer PolitiFact.Published false story about Nancy Pelosi.

Published stories from WorldNetDaily.

Its founder, Dale Robertson, attended a Tea Party protest carrying a sign with a racial slur.

Associated with the Minuteman Project.

[266] [267] [268]
Teddy Stickteddystick.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Sourced a false claim from /r/The_Donald.[269] [270] [271]
TEOinfo.comTEOinfo.comPer PolitiFact.Copied article from The People's Cube.[272]
The-Insider.coThe-Insider.coPer PolitiFact.
The Big RiddleTheBigRiddle.comPer PolitiFact.[273]
The Free Thought Projectthefreethoughtproject.com[274] [275]
The Jim Bakker Showjimbakkershow.comSpread false claims about cures for COVID-19.
The Premium NewsThePremiumNews.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.
Third Estate News GroupThirdEstateNewsGroup.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from Your News Wire.[276]
Times.com.mxTimes.com.mxImpostor site, per PolitiFact
TopInfoPost.comTopInfoPost.conPer PolitiFact.
topsecretleaks.comtopsecretleaks.comFalsely claimed that President Trump shutdown jihadi training camps in New York state.
toutelinfo.frtoutelinfo.fr
Tribune Times Todaytribunetimestoday.comImpostor site setup by journalist to illustrate point about scammers monetizing impostor news sites via ad revenue.
TrueAmericans.meTrueAmericans.mePer PolitiFact.Republished a hoax about Barack Obama on a $1 bill, a false claim that had been circulating since 2012.[277]
True Pundittruepundit.comA far-right and fake news website known for publishing conspiracy theories that often credited false stories about the FBI and Hillary Clinton to anonymous sources and claimed the mainstream media was covering it up.[278] [279] [280] [281] [282] [283] [284]
trumpfailedthe.ustrumpfailedthe.us
trumpfooled.ustrumpfooled.us
trumphasscrewed.ustrumphasscrewed.us
trumplet.ustrumplet.us
TheTrumpMedia.comTheTrumpMedia.comPer PolitiFact.[285]
The Trumppersthetrumppers.comPer FactCheck.org.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[286]
The Truth Is Wherethetruthiswhere.wordpress.comRepeats a false claim from the Conservative Beaver.[287]
UConservativeuconservative.net[288] [289]
theunhivedmind.comThe Unhived Mind is a far-right fake news website that has frequently been shared on the alt-tech social network Gab.[290]
univverse.orgunivverse.orgSpread false claim about NASA's Kepler telescope detecting a structure built by extraterrestrials.
Urban Image MagazineUrbanImageMagazine.comPer PolitiFact.Cited story from World News Daily Report.
Urdoca.comUrdoca.comPer PolitiFact.
TheUSA-News.comTheUSA-News.comPer PolitiFact.
USATodayNews.meUSATodayNews.meImpostor site, per PolitiFact
usatodaypolitics.comusatodaypolitics.comReposted false story from Christian Times Newspaper.[291]
The USA Conservativetheusaconservative.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. The same as Usa-conservative.com.
USA ConservativeUsa-conservative.comPer FactCheck.org.
USA Conservative ReportUSAConservativeReport.comPer PolitiFact.[292] [293]
USA Daily TimeUSADailyTime.comPer PolitiFact.
USADailyThings24.comUSADailyThings24.comPer PolitiFact.
USAFirstInformation.comUSAFirstInformation.comPer PolitiFact.
usanetwork.infousanetwork.infoImitates USA Network.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[294] [295]
USA News Hubtheusanewshub.comImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.
USANewsHome.comUSANewsHome.comPer PolitiFact.
USANewsToday.comUSANewsToday.comPer PolitiFact.
USAPolitics24hrs.comUSAPolitics24hrs.comPer PolitiFact.
USASnich.comUSASnich.comPer PolitiFact.
usatosday.comusatosday.comImitation of USA Today
USA Train NewsTrainnews.infoPer FactCheck.org.
USASupreme.comUSASupreme.comPer PolitiFact.
USTruthWIre.comUSTruthWIre.comPer PolitiFact.
USAWorldBox.comUSAWorldBox.comPer PolitiFact.
US AdvisorUSHealthyAdvisor.comPer PolitiFact.Manipulated and misattributed celebrity quote.[296]
USHealthyLife.comUSHealthyLife.comPer PolitiFact.
US HeraldUSHerald.comPer PolitiFact.[297]
USPoliticsInfo.comUSPoliticsInfo.comPer PolitiFact.[298]
USSA NewsUssanews.comPer FactCheck.org.Published false information about COVID-19 vaccinations. Fabricated a letter from the British Ministry of Defense. Promotes QAnon and Holocaust denial conspiracy theories. Shared by Paul Gosar in his newsletter in 2023.[299] [300] [301] [302] [303] [304]
Vessel Newsvesselnews.io
Veterans For Donald TrumpVeteransForDonaldTrump.comPer PolitiFact.Published a false claim with a Photoshopped image as evidence.Its Facebook page was hijacked by a businessman based in North Macedonia in 2019.The original owner had worked with Liberty Writers News and USApoliticstoday.com, one of the original sites in the network of Macedonian fake news sites.One of the co-founders was arrested for carrying weapons during a vote tally during the 2020 US presidential election, and had met with the Proud Boys prior to the January 6th attacks.[305] [306] [307]
Viral MagazineViralMagazine.itSpread false claims about cures for COVID-19.[308]
Viral News PBSViralnewspbs.sitePer FactCheck.org.
VoxTribune.comVoxTribune.comPer PolitiFact.
Washington FeedWashingtonFeed.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[309]
The Washington PressTheWashingtonPress.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact.Cites an article by Freedom Daily.[310]
The Washington Timethewashingtontime.comImpostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories.
washinqtonpost.comwashinqtonpost.comImitates Washington Post
Wazanews.tkWazanews.tkPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[311] [312]
WeekendPoliticalNews.comWeekendPoliticalNews.comPer PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[313]
Werk35.comWerk35.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
WestfieldPost.comWestfieldPost.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
wftj8news.comwftj8news.com
WhatDoesItMean.comWhatDoesItMean.comPer PolitiFact.According to Snopes, the site "actively advanced many invented Clinton conspiracy theories in mid-2016."Cited several times by Fars News Agency.[314] [315] [316] [317] [318]
WhatRegistrater.comWhatRegistrater.comScam website that imitates Fox News.
whatsupic.comwhatsupic.com
whereareyou90.clubwhereareyou90.clubPublished hoax on missing child. Flagged by Google as potential phishing site.
WhyDontYouTryThis.comWhyDontYouTryThis.comPer PolitiFact.
Wit The Shitwittheshit.comCopied article from Empire News.Accused of using article spinning.[319] [320] [321]
wm21news.comwm21news.com
wmacnews.comwmacnews.com
wmb36.comwmb36.com
Woman Daily Tipswomandailytips.comClaimed that the FDA banned triclosan in toothpastes.
worldinformation24.infoworldinformation24.info
WorldNewsCircle.comWorldNewsCircle.comPer PolitiFact.[322]
The World News PressWorldnews-24.pressPer FactCheck.org.
World Politics NowWorldpoliticsnow.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.[323]
World.Politics.comWorld.Politics.comPer PolitiFact.
WorldTruth.tvWorldTruth.tvPer PolitiFact.Spread misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines.[324] [325] [326] [327] [328] [329] [330]
TheWorldUpdate.comTheWorldUpdate.comPer PolitiFact.
wrejnews.comwrejnews.com
WRPM33.comWRPM33.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
WY21news.comWY21news.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact
XBN-NewsXbn-news.comPer FactCheck.org.
xpouzar.comxpouzar.comPer Africa Check[331] [332]
Yes I'm Rightyesimright.com[333]
ZootFeedzootfeed.com

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  12. Web site: Mooney . Paula . 2017-06-04 . Monica Lewinsky Found Dead In Roslindale? No, But Death Hoax Gets 6,500 Facebook Shares [Debunked] ]. https://web.archive.org/web/20230328053122/https://www.inquisitr.com/4267843/monica-lewinsky-found-dead-in-roslindale-no-but-death-hoax-gets-6500-facebook-shares-debunked . 2023-03-28 . 2024-02-04 . . en.
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  14. Web site: 2017-08-01 . Celebrity Quote Mismatch . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924133804/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/08/celebrity-quote-mismatch/ . 2023-09-24 . 2024-02-04 . FactCheck.org.
  15. Web site: Tobias . Manuela . PolitiFact - It's fake news that Barron Trump was hospitalized for pneumonia . https://web.archive.org/web/20220328184338/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/10/blog-posting/its-fake-news-barron-trump-was-hospitalized-pneumo/ . 2022-03-28 . 2023-12-12 . . en-US.
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  17. Web site: Valverde . Miriam . PolitiFact - No evidence for website's claim about microchipping government benefits recipients . https://web.archive.org/web/20200607092756/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/apr/09/blog-posting/no-evidence-websites-claim-about-microchipping-rec/ . 2020-06-07 . 2023-12-12 . . en-US.
  18. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake news site posts that North Korea's Kim Jong Un is dead for second time in a month . https://web.archive.org/web/20220128003111/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/04/blog-posting/fake-news-site-posts-north-koreas-kim-jong-un-dead/ . 2022-01-28 . 2024-01-22 . . en-US.
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  21. Web site: Silverman . Craig . 2016-12-30 . Here Are 50 Of The Biggest Fake News Hits On Facebook From 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230510164042/https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/top-fake-news-of-2016#.ns5WzWdomR . 2023-05-10 . 2023-12-24 . BuzzFeed News . en.
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  29. Web site: Jacobson . Louis . 2020-04-23 . No plans to implant microchips to fight coronavirus . https://web.archive.org/web/20240227203905/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/23/facebook-posts/no-democrats-arent-pushing-microchips-fight-corona/ . 2024-02-27 . 2024-04-17 . . en-US.
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  35. Web site: Elliott . Christopher . Here Are The Real Fake News Sites . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317005537/https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherelliott/2019/02/21/these-are-the-real-fake-news-sites/?sh=34c0fac13c3e . 2023-03-17 . 2023-11-30 . Forbes . en.
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  41. Web site: 2020-01-20 . Fake News: Singer Did NOT Ban American Flag From Concerts, Did NOT Say She Can't Even Look At It While Trump's President Lead Stories . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326222952/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/01/fake-news-singer-did-not-ban-american-flag-from-concerts-did-not-say-she-cant-even-look-at-it-while-trumps-president.html . 2023-03-26 . 2023-12-06 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  42. Web site: 2020-05-24 . Fact Check: Sheryl Crow Did NOT Say, 'I Forbid My Kids To Watch TV When Trump Is On, I Prefer Classy People Like Hillary Clinton.' Lead Stories . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331122304/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/05/fact-check-Sheryl-Crow-False-Quote.html . 2023-03-31 . 2023-12-06 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  43. Web site: 2017-07-28 . NOT REAL NEWS: A look at what didn't happen this week . https://web.archive.org/web/20231211231513/https://apnews.com/article/8c4f75aead624502b1c90fa3924eb6b1 . 2023-12-11 . 2023-12-11 . AP News . en.
  44. Web site: 2018-01-08 . Newborn Fake News Websites Replace Recently Shut Down Ones Within Days . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603182030/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/01/newborn-fake-news-websites-replace-recently-shut-down-ones-within-days.html . 2023-06-03 . 2023-12-19 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  45. News: 2019-05-30 . European elections: How disinformation spread in Facebook groups . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-12-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604183720/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-48356351 . 2023-06-04.
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  51. Web site: Mauban Nivol . Juliette . Darmanin . Jules . 2017-04-20 . 13 Times Misinformation Spread During The French Presidential Campaign . https://web.archive.org/web/20180301123717/https://www.buzzfeed.com/juliettemaubannivol/15-pieces-of-misinformation-that-brainwashed-the-p-2ueaa#.emezYBemv . 2018-03-01 . 2023-12-12 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  52. News: 2019-09-11 . La galaxie Suavelos, vitrine d'un racisme décomplexé . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001024902/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2019/09/11/la-galaxie-suavelos-vitrine-d-un-racisme-decomplexe_5509154_4355770.html . 2023-10-01 . 2024-01-22 . . fr.
  53. Web site: The Suavelos galaxy - a showcase of uninhibited racism . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801142750/https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20190916_Le-Monde-translation.pdf . 2023-08-01 . 2024-01-22 . EUvsDisinfo.
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  56. Web site: 2017-05-26 . NASA Won't Pay You to Smoke Weed . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127195905/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/05/nasa-wont-pay-smoke-weed/ . 2024-01-27 . 2024-02-03 . FactCheck.org.
  57. Web site: 2021-11-24 . Fact Check: Moderna CEO Was NOT Arrested By FBI On November 22, 2021 Lead Stories . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607225403/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2021/11/fact-check-moderna-ceo-was-not-arrested-by-the-fbi-on-november-22-2021.html . 2023-06-07 . 2023-12-21 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  58. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2016-09-30 . Tens of Thousands of Fraudulent Clinton Votes Found in Ohio Warehouse . https://web.archive.org/web/20211201025641/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/clinton-votes-found-in-warehouse/ . 2021-12-01 . 2023-11-30 . Snopes . en.
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  60. News: Wiggins . Ovetta . 2017-01-18 . Aide to Md. lawmaker fabricated article on Hillary Clinton rigging the election . https://web.archive.org/web/20170119014136/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/aide-to-md-lawmaker-fabricated-article-on-hillary-clinton-rigging-the-election/2017/01/18/5219bd0c-ddd7-11e6-acdf-14da832ae861_story.html . 2017-01-19 . Washington Post.
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  62. Web site: 2017-06-30 . A Fake Supreme Court Ruling . https://web.archive.org/web/20230927205501/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/fake-supreme-court-ruling/ . 2023-09-27 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  63. Web site: Collins . Ben . Ben Collins (reporter) . 2020-06-09 . Trump tweets 'antifa' conspiracy theory that originated on anonymous blog . 2024-02-26 . NBC News . en.
  64. Web site: Tanaka . Emily . PolitiFact - No, a flight crew did not take a knee and strand the New Orleans Saints . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930063722/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/oct/03/blog-posting/fake-news-flight-crew-did-not-take-knee-and-strand/ . 2023-09-30 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  65. Web site: 2018-04-25 . Fake News: US Surgeon Found Dead Did NOT Expose Clinton Foundation Corruption In Haiti . https://web.archive.org/web/20230925135736/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/04/fake-news-us-surgeon-who-exposed-clinton-foundation-corruption-in-haiti-found-dead.html . 2023-09-25 . 2024-08-03 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  66. Web site: 2018-05-18 . False Story Ties Clintons to Doctor's Death . https://web.archive.org/web/20231010053528/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/05/false-story-ties-clintons-to-doctors-death/ . 2023-10-10 . 2024-08-03 . FactCheck.org.
  67. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-03-06 . Rumors of rat meat passed off as chicken wings are fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814024901/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/mar/06/blog-posting/rats-rumors-tons-rodent-meat-passed-chicken-wings-/ . 2022-08-14 . 2024-03-11 . . en-US.
  68. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake news story claims Eric Trump said Donald Trump was ending taxes for the rich . https://web.archive.org/web/20200922043244/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/26/democraticmomscom/fake-news-story-claims-eric-trump-said-donald-trum/ . 2020-09-22 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  69. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-02-24 . PolitiFact - Fake brews! Starbucks didn't put photos of Trump on store floors . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000900/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/24/blog-posting/fake-brews-starbucks-didnt-put-photos-trump-store-/ . 2020-11-12 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  70. Web site: 2017-02-16 . AP FACT CHECK: Gates didn't say Trump would be like Reagan . https://web.archive.org/web/20240123034612/https://apnews.com/general-news-9647a269d5464b07b81758555846346d . 2024-01-23 . 2024-01-24 . AP News . en.
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  72. Web site: 2016-04-17 . Na semana do impeachment, 3 das 5 notícias mais compartilhadas no Facebook são falsas . https://web.archive.org/web/20231023005258/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2016/04/160417_noticias_falsas_redes_brasil_fd . 2023-10-23 . 2024-01-07 . BBC News Brasil . pt-BR.
  73. Web site: Silverman . Craig . Pham . Scott . 2018-12-28 . In Spite Of Its Efforts, Facebook Is Still The Home Of Hugely Viral Fake News . https://web.archive.org/web/20231016155957/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/facebook-fake-news-hits-2018 . 2023-10-16 . 2023-12-24 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  74. Web site: 2020-03-30 . Claim that flu vaccine increases coronavirus infection is unsupported, misinterprets scientific studies . https://web.archive.org/web/20240313140140/https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/claim-that-flu-vaccine-increases-coronavirus-infection-is-unsupported-misinterprets-scientific-studies/ . 2024-03-13 . 2024-04-17 . Health Feedback . en-US.
  75. Web site: April 20, 2017 . PolitiFact's guide to fake news websites and what they peddle . 2022-10-26 . . en-US . 2019-08-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190803065242/https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/article/2017/apr/20/politifacts-guide-fake-news-websites-and-what-they/ . live .
  76. Web site: Thomas . W. F. . 12 January 2022 . Disclose.tv: Conspiracy Forum Turned Disinformation Factory . 2022-10-26 . . en . 2022-01-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220112153617/https://www.logically.ai/articles/disclose.tv-conspiracy-forum-turned-disinformation-factory . live .
  77. Web site: Schumacher . Elizabeth . 8 February 2022 . Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany . 2023-05-29 . . en . 2022-10-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221026033034/https://www.dw.com/en/disclosetv-english-disinformation-made-in-germany/a-60694332 . live .
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  79. News: Werleman . CJ . 9 February 2022 . Disinfo Lab: An Online Hindu Nationalist Disinformation Campaign . . December 30, 2023.
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  81. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-04-06 . PolitiFact - Story of 19 white women killed by Black Lives Matter supporter is fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021612/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/06/blog-posting/story-19-white-women-killed-black-lives-matter-sup/ . 2023-09-22 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  82. Web site: 2018-01-10 . Bogus Black Lives Matter Stories Won't Die . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184812/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/01/bogus-black-lives-matter-stories-wont-die/ . 2023-02-02 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  83. Web site: 2016-04-25 . Woman DID NOT Commit Suicide Over Beyonce's 'Lemonade' . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326222258/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2016/04/woman-did-not-commit-suicide-over-beyonces-lemonade.html . 2023-03-26 . 2024-01-24 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  84. Web site: 2017-01-13 . No, Michelle Obama's Mom Will Not Receive a Pension for Living in the White House . https://web.archive.org/web/20231217175931/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/michelle-obamas-mom-receive-pension-living-white-house/story?id=44740049 . 2023-12-17 . 2024-01-24 . ABC News . en.
  85. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake news: First grandma Marian Robinson is not getting $160,000 annual pension . https://web.archive.org/web/20221231205929/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jan/10/blog-posting/fake-news-first-grandma-marian-robinson-not-gettin/ . 2022-12-31 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  86. Web site: Pallavi . July 4, 2021 . Misleading: 62 percent of COVID-19 deaths in the U.K. are among people who are vaccinated. . 2022-10-18 . . en-gb . 2022-10-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018032028/https://www.logically.ai/factchecks/library/57ec269b . live .
  87. Web site: Benedictus . Leo . 2021-11-05 . How the UK Health Security Agency's misleading data fuelled a global vaccine myth . 2022-10-17 . . en . 2022-10-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017142326/https://fullfact.org/health/phe-ukhsa-bolsonaro/ . live .
  88. Web site: 2021-11-05 . Article by The Exposé failed to account for caveats listed in U.K. vaccine surveillance reports; falsely claims fully vaccinated people have weakened immunity . 2022-10-19 . Health Feedback . en-US . 2022-10-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019005145/https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/article-by-the-expose-failed-to-account-for-caveats-listed-in-u-k-vaccine-surveillance-reports-falsely-claims-fully-vaccinated-people-have-weakened-immunity/ . live .
  89. Web site: Cockerell . Isobel . 2022-03-25 . British homegrown conspiracies get Beijing's stamp of approval . 2022-08-10 . . en-US . 2022-06-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220605000103/https://www.codastory.com/newsletters/beijing-british-conspiracies/ . live .
  90. Web site: 2023-09-19 . Fact Check: CDC Study Did NOT Confirm 'COVID Jab Lowers Male Life Expectancy By 24 Years' . https://web.archive.org/web/20240115100903/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/09/fact-check-cdc-study-did-not-confirm-covid-jab-lowers-male-life-expectancy-by-24-years.html . 2024-01-15 . 2024-02-03 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  91. Web site: Kasprak . Alex . 2023-10-05 . Did Canadian Government 'Admit' 74% of Triple-Vaccinated People Now Have 'VAIDS'? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231005070315/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/canadian-triple-vaccinated-people-have-vaids/ . 2023-10-05 . 2023-12-12 . Snopes . en.
  92. Web site: Deutch . Gabby . 2020-05-22 . Major Republican and Democratic campaign organizations are using shady "news" sites to spread political propaganda . https://web.archive.org/web/20221226031138/https://www.newsweek.com/major-republican-democratic-campaign-organizations-are-using-shady-news-sites-spread-political-1505875 . 2022-12-26 . 2024-04-17 . . en.
  93. Web site: 2017-05-09 . No 'First Grandma' Charges . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924134103/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/05/no-first-grandma-charges/ . 2023-09-24 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  94. Web site: Palma . Bethania . 2018-04-03 . Was the 'March for Our Lives' Permit Application Made Months Before the Parkland Shooting? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928232956/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/march-for-our-lives-permit/ . 2023-09-28 . 2024-01-24 . Snopes . en.
  95. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-04-27 . PolitiFact - Fake news story about Trump banning Facebook by executive order is an April Fool's Day prank . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201023653/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/28/blog-posting/fake-news-story-about-trump-banning-facebook-execu/ . 2024-02-01 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  96. Web site: MacGuill . Dan . 2017-07-18 . Body of a Waitress Pulled from the Clintons' Burned-out Guest House? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230606233141/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/clinton-body-chappaqua-waitress/ . 2023-06-06 . 2024-01-24 . Snopes . en.
  97. Web site: 2006-12-04 . Separating Hyperbole From Horror in Iraq . https://web.archive.org/web/20220712053146/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/media/04link.html . 2022-07-12 . 2024-04-17 . The New York Times.
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  99. Web site: Garcia . Arturo . 2017-02-17 . Is President Trump Billing Michelle Obama For $11 Billion? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230713014617/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-michelle-obama-11-billion/ . 2023-07-13 . 2024-01-24 . Snopes . en.
  100. Web site: 2018-06-15 . Bogus Claim About Made-up Muslim Waitress . https://web.archive.org/web/20230315012717/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/06/bogus-claim-about-made-up-muslim-waitress/ . 2023-03-15 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  101. News: Silverman . Craig . Lytvynenko . Jane . Pham . Scott . December 28, 2017 . These Are 50 Of The Biggest Fake News Hits On Facebook In 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190105053901/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/these-are-50-of-the-biggest-fake-news-hits-on-facebook-in . January 5, 2019 . February 2, 2019 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  102. Web site: 2016-05-06 . Hoax Alert: Donald Trump DID NOT Say Harriet Tubman's Face Belongs On Food Stamps Lead Stories . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607224138/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2016/05/trump-tubman-hoax.html . 2023-06-07 . 2023-12-23 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  103. Web site: Bult . Laura . 2016-05-17 . Rumors that Kendrick Lamar bought gun George Zimmerman used to kill Trayvon Martin are false . https://web.archive.org/web/20240123231712/https://www.nydailynews.com/2016/05/17/rumors-that-kendrick-lamar-bought-gun-george-zimmerman-used-to-kill-trayvon-martin-are-false/ . 2024-01-23 . 2024-01-24 . New York Daily News . en-US.
  104. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake theory that Barack Obama hid millions of taxpayer dollars offshore started on parody site . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820143618/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/14/blog-posting/fake-theory-barack-obama-hid-millions-taxpayer-dol/ . 2022-08-20 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  105. Web site: Areson . Susan . Gillin . Joshua . 2017-11-09 . PolitiFact - Fake news story says Supreme Court issues bogus warrant in fictional case . https://web.archive.org/web/20230609152642/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/nov/09/freedomjunkshuncom/fake-news-story-says-supreme-court-issues-bogus-wa/ . 2023-06-09 . 2024-01-24 . . en-US.
  106. Book: Bucy . Erik P. . Newhagen . John E. . James E. . Katz . James E. Katz . Kate K. . Mays . Fake News Finds an Audience . Journalism and Truth in an Age of Social Media . August 2019 . . 10.1093/oso/9780190900250.003.0014 . 978-0-19-090025-0 . https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190900250.001.0001/oso-9780190900250-chapter-14 . subscription . subscription . 7 February 2021 . The most aggressive fake news sites and associated YouTube channels, such as Infowars, The Gateway Pundit, and Daily Stormer, are routinely sued by victims of these published reports for libel and defamation (Ohlheiser 2018; Tani 2018). . 22 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122003607/https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190900250.001.0001/oso-9780190900250 . live .
  107. Goodyear . Michael P. . Is There No Way to the Truth? Copyright Liability as a Model for Restricting Fake News . . August 24, 2020 . 34 . 1 . 10.2139/ssrn.3647504 . 225621025 . This dichotomy would similarly be helpful for differentiating websites that are used as conduits of fake news, such as Facebook, and those that primarily propagate fake news, such as the Gateway Pundit..
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  109. Freivogel . William H. . Trump attacks checks on his power . . 1 January 2017 . 46 . 344 . 6–8 . limited . . English . . 17 July 2022 . 11 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220511181024/https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA489256626 . live .
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  111. News: Sutton. Kelsey. Study Finds That Twitter Still Has a Major Fake News Problem. AdWeek.com. October 4, 2018. November 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181028065254/https://www.adweek.com/digital/study-finds-that-twitter-still-has-a-major-fake-news-problem/. October 28, 2018. live.
  112. News: Croucher. Shane. Who Is Jacob Wohl? Pro-Trump Twitter Personality Mocked Over Fake Mueller Sexual Assault Allegations. Newsweek. October 31, 2018. November 1, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181031224649/https://www.newsweek.com/who-jacob-wohl-pro-trump-twitter-personality-mocked-over-fake-mueller-sex-1194630. October 31, 2018. live.
  113. News: Fake news about the Las Vegas shooting spread wildly on Facebook, Google, and Twitter. Business Insider. 2017-10-07. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171007170509/http://uk.businessinsider.com/las-vegas-shooting-mandalay-bay-facebook-twitter-google-2017-10?r=US&IR=T. 2017-10-07. The 4chan board posts were quickly picked up and magnified by The Gateway Pundit, a far-right website that has repeatedly misidentified attackers and continues to promote debunked conspiracy theories about President Barack Obama's birthplace, among other misinformation..
  114. Web site: Owen . Laura Hazard . October 26, 2020 . Older people and Republicans are most likely to share Covid-19 stories from fake news sites on Twitter . 2021-10-20 . . 2020-10-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030040313/https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/10/older-people-and-republicans-are-most-likely-to-share-covid-19-stories-from-fake-news-sites-on-twitter/ . live .
  115. News: How a pair of self-publicists wound up as apologists for Assad. 2017-04-15. The Economist. 2017-11-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20170413184021/http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21720627-trail-damascus-alex-jones-and-mike-cernovich-how-pair-self-publicists. 2017-04-13. live.
  116. Web site: Canadian website in NATO's sights for spreading disinformation. 2017-11-17. The Globe and Mail. 2017-11-17. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20171117193837/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/canadian-website-in-natos-sights-for-spreading-disinformation/article37015521/. 2017-11-17.
  117. Web site: "Anger is a useful metric" and other evil tips for making money off hyper-partisan content . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604171533/https://www.niemanlab.org/2017/05/anger-is-a-useful-metric-and-other-evil-tips-for-making-money-off-hyper-partisan-content/ . 2023-06-04 . 2023-12-12 . Nieman Lab.
  118. Web site: 2017-05-10 . Reporter's Notebook: A fake news site stole my story. The Trump subreddit readers didn't notice . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924102417/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-milo-story-fake-news-reddit-the-donald-20170509-story.html . 2023-09-24 . 2024-01-27 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  119. Web site: Aleaziz . Hamed . Flores . Adolfo . Lytvynenko . Jane . 2018-09-01 . An Army Director Hired To A Top Immigration Post Spewed Anti-Muslim Comments On Facebook — Then He Lost The Job . https://web.archive.org/web/20230507185351/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/top-immigration-uscis-anti-muslim-facebook . 2023-05-07 . 2023-12-12 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  120. Web site: Ten fake news sites to be wary of. www.enca.com. en. 2017-06-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20170619154552/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/fake-news-sites-to-watch-out-for-on-the-net. 2017-06-19. live.
  121. News: Fake news websites fall foul of the IEC after marked ballot paper story. Wet. Phillip de. The M&G Online. 2017-06-21. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170218142628/http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-05-00-fake-news-websites-fall-foul-of-the-iec-after-marked-ballot-story-earlier-this-week. 2017-02-18. live.
  122. Web site: 2016-11-18 . GUIDE: How to stop falling for fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326223551/https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/guides/guide-how-stop-falling-fake-news . 2023-03-26 . 2023-12-09 . Africa Check . en.
  123. Web site: Foresta . Mathew . 2019-03-07 . Are purveyors of fake news endangering the lives of real journalists? . 2022-11-08 . . Blumenthal and Rubinstein's outrageous conduct cannot be written off as mere conspiracy mongering or trolling. A retraction is not enough. Dangerous lies and fake news cannot be allowed to run amok. . 2022-11-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108222338/https://pulsemedia.org/2019/03/07/are-purveyors-of-fake-news-endangering-the-lives-of-real-journalists/ . live .
  124. Web site: Botz . Dan La . 2019-07-12 . Against the GrayZone Slanders . 2022-11-08 . New Politics . en-US . The GrayZone attack is based on a conspiracy theory, the notion that the omniscient and omnipotent State Department and other U.S. government agencies finance and control the most important organizations and institutions on the American left with the goal of furthering regime change in other countries. . 2022-11-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108222337/https://newpol.org/against-the-grayzone-slanders/ . live .
  125. Web site: Ahmad . Muhammad Idrees . Junket journalism in the shadow of genocide . 2022-11-08 . . ...the emergence of a new form of junket journalism that serves as a global laundering service for blood-splattered autocrats. In recent months, several of the same figures have turned up in capitals from Caracas to Managua whitewashing mass repression; they have dismissed Uighur concentration camps in Xinjiang, slandered protesters in Hong Kong; and they all somehow find Vladimir Putin unimpeachable. . 2022-11-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108223137/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/9/15/junket-journalism-in-the-shadow-of-genocide . live .
  126. Web site: Li . Promise . No to Chinese Authoritarianism, No to "Yellow Peril" . 2022-11-08 . . These problematic views are fueled by a disinformation campaign from right-wing outlets, like the Grayzone, that pose as being 'anti-imperialist,' with whole mass-led movements reduced to the positions of their cherrypicked individuals and organizations– thus smearing millions of protestors, from Hong Kong to Xinjiang, as U.S.-backed fascists and imperialists. . 2022-11-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108222337/https://www.dsausa.org/democratic-left/no-to-chinese-authoritarianism-no-to-yellow-peril/ . live .
  127. Web site: Putterman . Samantha . 2021-06-25 . Researchers working on coronavirus vaccines is nothing new . https://web.archive.org/web/20230923043108/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/blog-posting/scientists-developing-mrna-vaccines-outbreak-isnt-/ . 2023-09-23 . 2024-04-17 . . en-US.
  128. Web site: Caspary . Kaelan . Guides: Fake News and Disinformation: COVID-19 Fact vs. Fiction . https://web.archive.org/web/20240120014431/https://guides.library.durhamcollege.ca/fakenews . 2024-01-20 . 2024-04-17 . . en.
  129. Web site: East . Andy . Website says Texas legislation allows teachers to kill students if 'they felt it was needed' . https://web.archive.org/web/20200809151820/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/nov/06/greenville-gazette/website-says-texas-legislation-allows-teachers-kil/ . 2020-08-09 . 2024-08-03 . . en-US.
  130. Web site: Baghiu . Ștefan . A Literature Review of NLP Approaches to Fake News Detection and Their Applicability to Romanian- Language News Analysis Revista Transilvania . https://web.archive.org/web/20220621034544/https://revistatransilvania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020.10.7-Busioc-et-al.pdf . 2022-06-21 . 2024-08-03 . en-US . 10.51391/trva.2020.10.07.
  131. Web site: Pardon for the Course . 31 December 2016 . . January 13, 2017 . February 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204031/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/obama-pardoned-c-murder/ . live .
  132. Web site: Kodak Moment . 12 January 2017 . . January 13, 2017.
  133. Web site: Hulk Hogan Death Hoax . 4 November 2015 . . January 13, 2017 . February 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204030/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/hulk-hogan-death-hoax/ . live .
  134. Web site: Valverde . Miriam . 2019-02-01 . PolitiFact - No, study doesn't say drinking wine is more important than exercising . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129223802/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/feb/01/blog-posting/no-study-doesnt-say-drinking-wine-more-important-e/ . 2023-01-29 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  135. Web site: Silverman . Craig . 2018-06-14 . A Marketing Site Deleted Over 7,000 Articles After It Was Caught Stealing Fact-Checks And Plagiarizing . https://web.archive.org/web/20221224200604/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/this-prolific-fact-checker-is-a-plagiarist#.aiwKDK89aZ . 2022-12-24 . 2023-12-18 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  136. Web site: Selby . W. Gardner . 2017-05-10 . Pants on Fire: UT student wielded gun to stop knife attacks . https://web.archive.org/web/20210511011515/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/may/10/blog-posting/pants-fire-claim-university-texas-student-gun-help/ . 2021-05-11 . 2024-08-03 . . en-US.
  137. Web site: No, Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine doesn't cause 'VAIDS.' That's not a real condition Fact check . https://web.archive.org/web/20230919183129/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/09/16/no-pfizers-covid-19-vaccine-doesnt-cause-vaids-fact-check-children/70865407007/ . 2023-09-19 . 2023-12-12 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  138. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2016-12-14 . Were Several Men Arrested for Sexually Assaulting a Crocodile? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230323051817/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/limpopo-brothers-crocodile-assault/ . 2023-03-23 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  139. Web site: 2018-04-11 . No Trump-Ordered 'Raid' on Muslim Community . https://web.archive.org/web/20230428235927/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/04/no-trump-ordered-raid-on-muslim-community/ . 2023-04-28 . 2024-01-27 . Factcheck.org.
  140. Web site: 2021-01-21 . Viral posts about missing girl are false, again . https://web.archive.org/web/20220811081546/https://fullfact.org/online/fake-posts-missing-girl-car/ . 2022-08-11 . 2023-12-22 . Full Fact . en.
  141. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2016-09-21 . Man Loses Testicles While Trying to 'Fill Scuba Tank with Weed Smoke' . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209004545/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/man-loses-testicles-while-trying-to-fill-scuba-tank-with-weed-smoke/ . 2023-12-09 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  142. Web site: 2017-01-25 . AP FACT CHECK: Man not hurt trying to show off 'scuba bong' . https://web.archive.org/web/20240125020905/https://apnews.com/general-news-d507e1071c004254ace2a76a2b959dfd . 2024-01-25 . 2024-01-27 . AP News . en.
  143. Web site: Jacobson . Louis . 2015-09-01 . PolitiFact - Internet posts say three Democratic senators 'took bribes from Iran' to support nuclear deal . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807102259/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/sep/01/blog-posting/internet-posts-say-three-democratic-senators-took-/ . 2020-08-07 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  144. News: Mahler . Jonathan . October 12, 2016 . Group's Tactic on Hillary Clinton: Sue Her Again and Again . The New York Times . September 29, 2022 . November 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211103210747/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/13/us/politics/judicial-watch-hillary-clinton.html . live .
  145. Allcott . Hunt . Gentzkow . Matthew . Yu . Chuan . 2019-04-01 . Trends in the diffusion of misinformation on social media . Research & Politics . en . . 6 . 2 . 1809.05901 . 10.1177/2053168019848554 . 2053-1680 . 52291737 . 2022-09-29 . 2021-12-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211208222251/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/2053168019848554/suppl_file/appendix.pdf . live .
  146. http://www.kboi2.com/news/local/119020194.html Fake website URL not from KBOI-TV
  147. http://www.ktvb.com/news/business/Boise-TV-news-website-targeted-with-Justin-Bieber-prank-119026184.html Boise TV news website targeted with Justin Bieber prank
  148. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-02-21 . PolitiFact - Muslims offended their kids have to sing the national anthem? That was an Australian controversy . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308010654/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/21/blog-posting/muslims-objecting-kids-singing-national-anthem-was/ . 2023-03-08 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  149. Web site: Part 1: Spreading disinformation by cloning news sites . https://web.archive.org/web/20231218223246/https://www.qurium.org/alerts/colombia/disinformation-phishing-and-cloned-websites/ . 2023-12-18 . 2023-12-30 . Qurium Media Foundation . en-GB.
  150. Web site: Emery . David . 2017-03-11 . Nancy Pelosi Was Just Taken from Her Office in Handcuffs? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325175705/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nancy-pelosi-arrested-coup-attempt/ . 2023-03-25 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  151. News: Inside The Dangerous Online Fever Swamps Of American Police. Jesselyn Cook and Nick Robins-Early. 2020-06-17. Huffington Post. 2020-09-13. 2021-05-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20210505063518/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/police-protests-floyd-law-enforcement-today-rant_n_5ee3ef5fc5b699cea53196b4. live.
  152. Web site: Iannelli . Jerry . 28 February 2017 . There's Reportedly a Gigantic #FakeNews Operation Run From Miami (and It's Not New Times!) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170506200051/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/theres-reportedly-a-gigantic-fakenews-operation-run-from-miami-and-its-not-new-times-9173747 . 6 May 2017 . 28 May 2017 . Miami New Times.
  153. News: Silverman . Craig . February 27, 2017 . This Is How Your Hyperpartisan Political News Gets Made . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180717154405/https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-the-hyperpartisan-sausage-is-made . July 17, 2018 . February 2, 2019 . Buzzfeed News.
  154. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/10/oregon-fires-cause-rumors-activists-social-media 'Rumors spread like wildfire': false posts claiming activists started Oregon fires flood social media
  155. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-02-16 . PolitiFact - Trump 'caught investing' in Dakota Access Pipeline before approving it, website says . https://web.archive.org/web/20220524090010/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/16/learnprogressorg/trump-caught-investing-dakota-access-pipeline-appr/ . 2022-05-24 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  156. News: Levin . Sam . 2017-02-06 . Fake news for liberals: misinformation starts to lean left under Trump . https://web.archive.org/web/20231222040844/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/feb/06/liberal-fake-news-shift-trump-standing-rock . 2023-12-22 . 2024-01-27 . . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  157. Web site: Selby . W. Gardner . PolitiFact - Fake news alert: Texas congressman from Pecos wishes for another 9/11 to show up judges . https://web.archive.org/web/20200420233834/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/15/liberal-blogger/fake-news-texas-congressman-pecos-wishes-another-9/ . 2020-04-20 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  158. Web site: Silverman . Craig . Feder . J. Lester . Cvetkovska . Saska . Belford . Aubrey . 2018-07-18 . Macedonia's Pro-Trump Fake News Industry Had American Links, And Is Under Investigation For Possible Russia Ties . https://web.archive.org/web/20231215103117/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/american-conservatives-fake-news-macedonia-paris-wade-libert . 2023-12-15 . 2024-01-27 . . en.
  159. News: 5 important stories that aren't fake news. PBS NewsHour. en-US. 2016-11-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20161126151120/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/5-important-stories-arent-fake-news/. 2016-11-26. live.
  160. News: McCoy. Terrence. For the 'new yellow journalists,' opportunity comes in clicks and bucks. 21 November 2016. The Washington Post. 20 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042500/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/for-the-new-yellow-journalists-opportunity-comes-in-clicks-and-bucks/2016/11/20/d58d036c-adbf-11e6-8b45-f8e493f06fcd_story.html. 21 November 2016. live.
  161. Web site: 2021-07-20 . Free paper repeats falsehoods on deaths following vaccination . https://web.archive.org/web/20230530022536/https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/ . 2023-05-30 . 2023-12-22 . Full Fact . en.
  162. Web site: Pilot Sight . 10 February 2016 . . January 13, 2017.
  163. Web site: Billionaire Baby . 17 August 2015 . . January 13, 2017.
  164. Web site: Unhappy Gilmore . 13 January 2017 . . January 13, 2017 . February 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204025/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/adam-sandler-death-hoax-2/ . live .
  165. Web site: 2017-06-21 . A Bogus Kellyanne Conway Quote . https://web.archive.org/web/20231002015509/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/bogus-kellyanne-conway-quote/ . 2023-10-02 . 2024-01-27 . Factcheck.org.
  166. Web site: MacGuill . Dan . 2018-05-09 . Did the Parkland Shooting Suspect Have a 'Connection' to Barack Obama? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230611012902/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nikolas-cruz-promise-obama/ . 2023-06-11 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  167. Web site: 2018-09-14 . 'Muslim Spy' Falsehood Circulates Again . https://web.archive.org/web/20230204082400/https://www.factcheck.org/2018/09/muslim-spy-falsehood-circulates-again/ . 2023-02-04 . 2024-01-27 . Factcheck.org.
  168. Web site: 2017-06-19 . Trump Didn't Bill the Obamas . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001105854/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/trump-didnt-bill-obamas/ . 2023-10-01 . 2024-01-27 . Factcheck.org.
  169. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-01-11 . PolitiFact - Fake news: There's no Chinese restaurant selling dog meat in Coral Springs, Fla. . https://web.archive.org/web/20231222020455/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jan/11/blog-posting/fake-news-theres-no-chinese-restaurant-selling-dog/ . 2023-12-22 . 2024-01-27 . @politifact . en-US.
  170. Web site: 2017-01-09 . AP FACT CHECK: Florida restaurant wasn't serving dog meat . https://web.archive.org/web/20240125131115/https://apnews.com/general-news-764ad16414834efbb33fdcfd6a71c20b . 2024-01-25 . 2024-01-27 . AP News . en.
  171. Web site: O'Rourke . Ciara . 2021-06-10 . PolitiFact - Don't fall for fake news headlines about this pastor selling CBD . https://web.archive.org/web/20230610015206/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/10/blog-posting/dont-fall-fake-news-headlines-about-pastor-selling/ . 2023-06-10 . 2023-12-18 . . en-US.
  172. Web site: Tobias . Manuela . 2017-06-19 . PolitiFact - Claim that Trump welcomes Jamaica as a U.S. territory is fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003035/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jun/19/blog-posting/claim-jamaica-became-us-territory-fake-news/ . 2020-11-12 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  173. News: Dewey . Caitlin . 2015-11-06 . What was fake on the Internet this week: amazing cows, the KKK and a 'Secret Sister' gift exchange . en-US . Washington Post . 2023-12-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151115014731/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/11/06/what-was-fake-on-the-internet-this-week-amazing-cows-the-kkk-and-a-secret-sister-gift-exchange/ . 2015-11-15 . 0190-8286.
  174. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2015-08-28 . Was Arnold Schwarzenegger Found Dead of an Apparent Heart Attack? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230925231846/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/arnold-schwarzenegger-dead/ . 2023-09-25 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  175. Web site: Valheenpaljastaja: Uutista on helppo matkia . . 23 March 2015 . 7 November 2022 . 7 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107111211/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2015/03/23/valheenpaljastaja-uutista-helppo-matkia . live .
  176. Web site: Valheenpaljastaja: Varoituslista valemedioista – älä luota näihin sivustoihin . . 16 September 2016 . 7 November 2022 . 7 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107111216/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2016/09/16/valheenpaljastaja-varoituslista-valemedioista-ala-luota-naihin-sivustoihin . live .
  177. Web site: Sotapropagandaa jakava MV-sivusto ei näytä kelpaavan edes Venäjälle – joutuu keräämään rahaa kasinomainoksilla ja pikkuvipeillä . . 11 March 2022 . 7 November 2022 . 7 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107111214/https://seura.fi/asiat/tutkivat/propagandaa-jakava-mv-sivusto-ei-nayta-kelpaavan-edes-venajalle-joutuu-elamaan-kasinomainoksilla/ . live .
  178. Web site: Soldiers of Odin's secret Facebook group: Weapons, Nazi symbols and links to MV Lehti . . 16 March 2016 . 7 November 2022 . 7 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221107111210/https://yle.fi/news/3-8749308 . live .
  179. Web site: 2017-05-14 . REVIEW: 10 hoaxes that fooled the African continent . https://web.archive.org/web/20230401203604/https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/blog/review-10-hoaxes-fooled-african-continent . 2023-04-01 . 2023-12-09 . Africa Check . en.
  180. Web site: Facebook fires human editors, algorithm immediately posts fake news. Annalee. Newitz. Ars Technica. 2016-08-29. 2018-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075211/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/08/facebook-fires-human-editors-algorithm-immediately-posts-fake-news/. 2018-06-25. live.
  181. Web site: Palma . Bethania . 2016-10-18 . Trump Says He'll Refuse Salary If Elected President . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602225204/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-refuse-salary/ . 2023-06-02 . 2024-08-03 . . en.
  182. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-23 . PolitiFact - Barcelona terrorist related to Barack Obama, fake news site falsely says . https://web.archive.org/web/20230327032648/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/23/blog-posting/barcelona-terrorist-related-barack-obama-fake-news/ . 2023-03-27 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  183. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-06-14 . PolitiFact - It's fake! NASA never said the Earth will go dark for 15 days in November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331020438/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jun/14/blog-posting/its-fake-nasa-never-said-earth-will-go-dark-15-day/ . 2023-03-31 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  184. Aslett . Kevin . Sanderson . Zeve . Godel . William . Persily . Nathaniel . Nagler . Jonathan . Bonneau . Richard . Tucker . Joshua A. . 2023-11-08 . Testing the Effect of Information on Discerning the Veracity of News in Real Time . Journal of Experimental Political Science . en . 1–15 . 10.1017/XPS.2023.20 . 2052-2630 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240126050221/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-experimental-political-science/article/testing-the-effect-of-information-on-discerning-the-veracity-of-news-in-real-time/3BD4881F0FCBDF517A73F52CA2F12608 . 2024-01-26. free .
  185. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-11-02 . PolitiFact - U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters charged with 3 ethics violations — back in 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928035551/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/nov/02/blog-posting/us-rep-maxine-waters-charged-3-ethics-violations-b/ . 2023-09-28 . 2024-01-27 . @politifact . en-US.
  186. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-18 . PolitiFact - Blog posts wrongly say there's proof Democrats hired actors to play white nationalists . https://web.archive.org/web/20230401224312/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/18/blog-posting/blog-posts-wrongly-say-theres-proof-democrats-hire/ . 2023-04-01 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  187. Web site: LaCapria . Kim . 2015-07-07 . Buds Zapper . https://web.archive.org/web/20230923143616/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/girl-killed-earbuds/ . 2023-09-23 . 2024-01-27 . Snopes . en.
  188. Web site: 2017-08-11 . Earth Won't Go Dark for Days . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929171058/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/08/earth-wont-go-dark-days/ . 2023-09-29 . 2024-01-27 . Factcheck.org.
  189. Web site: Lytvynenko . Jane . 2018-01-04 . To Sell Gadgets To Facebook Users, Scammers Use Every Trick In The Book . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928020554/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/fake-news-and-ecommerce . 2023-09-28 . 2024-01-27 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  190. News: 2018-05-04 . NOT REAL NEWS: No Clinton tie in Mack's sex trafficking case . https://web.archive.org/web/20180504205752/https://apnews.com/f05d8e109b92427eb2a3218e6051f002 . 2018-05-04 . 2024-01-27 . Associated Press.
  191. Web site: 2017-06-23 . NOT REAL NEWS: A look at what didn't happen this week . https://web.archive.org/web/20231130045040/https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-arts-and-entertainment-europe-ap-fact-check-united-states-government-6466a4736364412dab906b81832415d9 . 2023-11-30 . 2023-12-12 . AP News . en.
  192. Web site: 2019-12-29 . Fake News: Jennifer Aniston Did NOT Say She And Other Celebrities Made A Pro-Trump Company Named 'Celebrities For Trump' . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603190433/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2019/12/Fake-News-Jennifer-Anniston-did-NOT-say-she-and-other-celebrities-made-a-pro-Trump-company-named-Celebrities-for-Trump.html . 2023-06-03 . 2024-04-17 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  193. Web site: 2017-01-03 . AP Fact Check: Dylann Roof wasn't sexually assaulted in jail . https://web.archive.org/web/20231224001838/https://apnews.com/general-news-7dd68f501b104967a6812d9faa7703ef . 2023-12-24 . 2023-12-24 . AP News . en.
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  198. Guess . Andy . Aslett . Kevin . Tucker . Joshua . Bonneau . Richard . Nagler . Jonathan . 2021 . Cracking Open the News Feed: Exploring What U.S. Facebook Users See and Share with Large-Scale Platform Data . Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media . en . 1 . 10.51685/jqd.2021.006 . 236598470 . 2673-8813 . free . 2022-08-31 . 2023-06-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602040723/https://journalqd.org/article/view/2586 . live .
  199. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Conspiracy theory that Comey hid Seth Rich's ties to WikiLeaks based on retracted story . https://web.archive.org/web/20221221140558/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/may/26/patriotcriercom/conspiracy-theory-comey-hid-seth-richs-ties-wikile/ . 2022-12-21 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  200. Web site: LaCapria . Kim . 2016-04-13 . United Nations Troops to Kill Americans Who Won't Turn in Guns? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230705153053/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/un-troops-americans-guns/ . 2023-07-05 . 2024-02-03 . Snopes . en.
  201. Web site: Fader . Carole . 2017-06-13 . Fact Check: Celebrities aren't threatening to strike over Trump . https://web.archive.org/web/20230401080625/https://www.jacksonville.com/story/news/reason/2017/06/13/fact-check-celebrities-aren-t-threatening-strike-over-trump/15362787007/ . 2023-04-01 . 2024-02-03 . The Florida Times-Union . en-US.
  202. Web site: 2017-08-28 . No Supreme Court Border Wall Ruling . https://web.archive.org/web/20231003165249/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/08/no-supreme-court-border-wall-ruling/ . 2023-10-03 . 2024-02-03 . FactCheck.org.
  203. Web site: Adkisson . Tyler . Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-21 . PolitiFact - Story that Obama supporter was behind wheel of car in Charlottesville is fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815104009/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/21/blog-posting/story-obama-supporter-was-behind-wheel-car-charlot/ . 2022-08-15 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  204. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-03 . PolitiFact - Hillary Clinton not dead from heart attack, as fake news site claims . https://web.archive.org/web/20220129022418/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/03/blog-posting/hillary-clinton-not-dead-heart-attack-fake-news-si/ . 2022-01-29 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  205. Web site: Postcard 'News' - A mega factory of fake news that continues to spew venom. Sidharth. Arjun. 2018-07-06. Alt News. en-GB. 2020-04-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20200502161206/https://www.altnews.in/postcard-news-a-mega-factory-of-fake-news-that-continues-to-spew-venom/. 2020-05-02. live.
  206. Web site: Postcard News Co-Founder Arrested Again, Charged With Spreading Fake News. NDTV.com. 2020-04-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20190812002219/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mahesh-vikram-hegde-arrested-postcard-news-co-founder-arrested-again-charged-with-spreading-fake-new-2028135. 2019-08-12. live.
  207. Web site: 2017-09-18 . How do fake news sites like Postcard News flourish? Who provides a helping hand? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230927182446/https://www.altnews.in/fake-news-sites-like-postcard-news-flourish-provides-helping-hand/ . 2023-09-27 . 2024-02-03 . Alt News . en-GB.
  208. Web site: Kumar . Ruchi . 2017-12-12 . The growing tide of fake news in India . https://web.archive.org/web/20231004234058/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/12/the-growing-tide-of-fake-news-in-india . 2023-10-04 . 2024-02-03 . Al Jazeera . en.
  209. Web site: 2017-05-10 . Trump Not Deporting Native Americans . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929045642/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/05/trump-not-deporting-native-americans/ . 2023-09-29 . 2024-02-03 . FactCheck.org.
  210. Web site: 2017-06-28 . Twisting the Facts on a Draft Executive Order . https://web.archive.org/web/20240124063607/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/twisting-facts-draft-executive-order/ . 2024-01-24 . 2024-02-03 . FactCheck.org.
  211. Web site: Valverde . Miriam . 2017-07-11 . PolitiFact - No, Obama did not follow Trump to G20 summit in Germany . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508230654/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jul/11/blog-posting/no-obama-did-not-follow-trump-g20-summit-germany/ . 2021-05-08 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  212. Web site: Evon. Dan. False: A tweet ostensibly posted by vice-presidential candidate Tim Kaine allegedly acknowledges that he has an open marriage.. Snopes. 9 August 2016 . 28 August 2016. 21 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204031/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tim-kaine-open-marriage/. live.
  213. News: The pro-Trump fake news website that's finding an audience — with Trump's help. The Washington Post. 2017-01-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420084904/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/02/in-the-year-of-trump-a-made-up-news-website-run-by-an-ex-convict-finds-success/. 2019-04-20. live.
  214. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2015-10-23 . Woman Arrested for Masturbating with Jimmy Dean Sausage in Walmart Bathroom . https://web.archive.org/web/20230208010626/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/woman-arrested-sausage-walmart/ . 2023-02-08 . 2024-02-03 . Snopes . en.
  215. Web site: Mikkelson . David . 2017-05-01 . Sarah Palin in a Coma After Hit and Run? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928064555/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sarah-palin-coma-accident/ . 2023-09-28 . 2024-02-03 . Snopes . en.
  216. Web site: Valverde . Miriam . 2018-11-30 . PolitiFact - No, there is no evidence that Vatican is funding migrant caravans . https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061522/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/nov/30/puppetstringnewscom/no-there-no-evidence-vatican-funding-migrant-carav/ . 2023-05-29 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  217. Web site: Palma . Bethania . 2019-01-23 . Does This Video Prove Martin Luther King Was a Republican? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929130241/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/video-mlk-republican/ . 2023-09-29 . 2024-02-03 . Snopes . en.
  218. Web site: Funke . Daniel . Fact check: Coronavirus variants come from mutations, not vaccines . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318152402/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/28/fact-check-covid-19-variants-come-mutations-not-vaccines/5205529001/ . 2023-03-18 . 2023-12-12 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  219. Web site: O'Rourke . Ciara . 2021-05-28 . PolitiFact - No, French virologist Luc Montagnier didn't say COVID-19 vaccine recipients were going to die soon . https://web.archive.org/web/20230611105414/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/28/viral-image/no-french-virologist-luc-montagnier-didnt-say-covi/ . 2023-06-11 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  220. News: Collins . Ben . 2016-10-28 . This 'Conservative News Site' Trended on Facebook, Showed Up on Fox News... and Duped the World . en . The Daily Beast . 2023-12-11.
  221. News: Chacon . Marco . 2016-11-21 . I've Been Making Viral Fake News for the Last Six Months. It's Way Too Easy to Dupe the Right on the Internet. . en . The Daily Beast . 2023-12-11.
  222. Web site: Jacobson . Louis . 2017-08-14 . PolitiFact - Did Dwayne the Rock Johnson officially file to run for president in 2020? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129022211/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/14/rearfrontcom/did-dwayne-rock-johnson-officially-file-run-presid/ . 2023-11-29 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  223. Web site: Guess . Andrew . Nyhan . Brendan . Reifler . Jason . 2018-01-09 . Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign . https://web.archive.org/web/20180131174130/https://www.dartmouth.edu/~nyhan/fake-news-2016.pdf . 2018-01-31 . 2024-04-17 . Dartmouth College.
  224. Web site: The Rise of the Parapolitical Sites as the Leading False-Content Producers . https://web.archive.org/web/20230430153033/https://www.gmfus.org/news/rise-parapolitical-sites-leading-false-content-producers . 2023-04-30 . 2024-04-17 . . en.
  225. Web site: Bloodlust - Viral News and Calls for the Death of the President . https://web.archive.org/web/20230613003049/https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/Bloodlust-Report-formatted.pdf . 2023-06-13 . 2024-04-17 . Anti-Defamation League.
  226. Web site: Silverman . Craig . 2016-12-05 . How The Bizarre Conspiracy Theory Behind "Pizzagate" Was Spread . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226234828/https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/fever-swamp-election . 2024-02-26 . 2024-04-17 . . en-ca.
  227. Guess . Andrew . Nagler . Jonathan . Tucker . Joshua . 2019-01-04 . Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook . Science Advances . en . 5 . 1 . eaau4586 . 10.1126/sciadv.aau4586 . 2375-2548 . 6326755 . 30662946 .
  228. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2016-11-02 . Clinton Cancels Rally Due to 'Lock Her Up' Chants . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930235016/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/clinton-cancels-rally-due-to-lock-her-up-chants/ . 2023-09-30 . 2024-04-17 . . en.
  229. Web site: MacGuill . Dan . 2017-06-05 . FACT CHECK: Londoners Chant in Support of Donald Trump After Terrorist Attack? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231210201003/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/london-donald-trump-sadiq-khan-london-mayor/ . 2023-12-10 . 2024-04-17 . . en.
  230. News: 2016-07-18 . A revealing look into Donald Trump's unofficial Internet campaign . https://web.archive.org/web/20221231031740/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/07/18/meet-the-9-people-helping-donald-trump-win-the-internet/ . 2022-12-31 . 2024-04-17 . The Washington Post.
  231. No_Rumors . Anti-Rumors Authority . 1645530926640775170 . هيئة مكافحة الإشاعات on X: "خبر إعلان وزير التعليم يوسف البنيان الغاء الثلاثة فصول دراسية وإيقاف الدراسة في شهر رمضان غير صحيح، ومصدره موقع مزيف اخر ينتحل هوية مواقع سعودية. التفاصيل:⁦ https://t.co/Xr2ZQ5kDnT⁩ https://t.co/5mneA73ZyP" / X . 2023-04-10 . 2024-07-28.
  232. Web site: حقيقة مواقع مزيفة تنتحل هوية مواقع سعودية لنشر أخبار كاذبة . هيئة مكافحة الإشاعات . 28 July 2024 . ar . April 2023.
  233. Web site: Sherman . Amy . 2017-11-29 . PolitiFact - Fake news: girls in Saudi Arabia will be beheaded for dancing with boys . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018144809/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/nov/29/religionmindcom/fake-news-girls-saudi-arabia-will-be-beheaded-danc/ . 2021-10-18 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  234. Web site: 2018-12-12 . Fake News: Saudi Arabia Is NOT About To Behead 6 School Girls For Acting Indecently With Their Male Friends . https://web.archive.org/web/20240109023205/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/12/fake-news-saudi-arabia-is-about-to-behead-6-school-girls-for-acting-indecently-with-their-male-frien.html . 2024-01-09 . 2024-02-03 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  235. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-03-29 . PolitiFact - Tale of killer whales eating Japanese whalers is fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329080406/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/23/blog-posting/tale-killer-whales-eating-japanese-whalers-fake-ne/ . 2022-03-29 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  236. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-01-13 . PolitiFact - Supreme Court's Ginsburg not retiring, despite what fake news headline says . https://web.archive.org/web/20230926064034/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jan/13/blog-posting/supreme-courts-ginsburg-not-retiring-despite-what-/ . 2023-09-26 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  237. Web site: 2017-01-09 . AP FACT CHECK: Ruth Bader Ginsburg not resigning over Trump . https://web.archive.org/web/20240128034939/https://apnews.com/general-news-events-united-states-presidential-election-1706e6a3e02a46c082e317dbf26feca2/ . 2024-01-28 . 2024-02-03 . Associated Press . en.
  238. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2016-07-09 . Ruth Ginsburg Threatens to 'Resign from SCOTUS' If Trump Is Elected President . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921230619/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ruth-ginsburg-president-resign/ . 2023-09-21 . 2024-02-03 . Snopes . en.
  239. Web site: Masunaga . Samantha . 2022-10-31 . The dubious history of the Santa Monica Observer, the outlet behind that false Paul Pelosi story . https://web.archive.org/web/20231021104518/https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-10-31/santa-monica-observer-elon-musk-paul-pelosi . 2023-10-21 . 2023-12-14 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  240. Web site: Liles . Jordan . 2022-11-01 . False Rumor Claims Paul Pelosi Brought Attacker Home from Gay Bar . https://web.archive.org/web/20230923032007/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/paul-pelosi-gay-prostitute/ . 2023-09-23 . 2023-12-14 . Snopes . en.
  241. News: Trela . Nate . False claim WEF wants to use AI to write new Bible that is 'correct' Fact check . 12 October 2023 . USA TODAY.
  242. Web site: Kertscher . Tom . 2013-07-13 . PolitiFact - No Amish kids get cancer, diabetes, autism? That's Pants on Fire! . https://web.archive.org/web/20231004140715/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2023/jul/13/facebook-posts/no-amish-kids-get-cancer-diabetes-autism-thats-pan/ . 2023-10-04 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  243. Web site: 2017-01-12 . Fake news? P&G; responds to viral web story that linked product to baby's death . https://web.archive.org/web/20170113081750/http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2017/01/12/fake-news-p-g-responds-to-viral-web-story-that.html . 2017-01-13 . 2024-02-03 . American City Business Journals.
  244. Web site: Mairs . Patrick . 2017-01-05 . FACT CHECK: No evidence to back claim of VapoRub death . https://web.archive.org/web/20231002214450/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-01-fact-evidence-vaporub-death.html . 2023-10-02 . 2024-02-03 . Medical Xpress . en.
  245. Web site: No, Michelle Obama's Mom will not receive a pension for living in the White House. Ryan. Struyk. ABC. 2017-01-13. 2018-06-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024259/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/michelle-obamas-mom-receive-pension-living-white-house/story?id=44740049. 2018-06-20. live.
  246. Web site: Website puts fake headline on old post supporting Trey Gowdy as FBI director. Joshua. Gillin. PolitiFact. 2017-06-28. 2018-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075219/http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2017/jun/28/snoopackcom/website-puts-fake-headline-old-post-supporting-tre/. 2018-06-25. live.
  247. Web site: 2017-07-19 . Obama Didn't Attend G-20 in 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230322061432/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/07/obama-didnt-attend-g-20-2017/ . 2023-03-22 . 2024-02-03 . FactCheck.org.
  248. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-06-27 . PolitiFact - Fake news saga said Depp threatened Trump, died in federal custody . https://web.archive.org/web/20220128002634/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jun/27/blog-posting/fake-news-saga-said-depp-threatened-trump-died-fed/ . 2022-01-28 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  249. Web site: 2021-02-23 . Cape Town another country? No, former South African minister never said this . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921110707/https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/meta-programme-fact-checks/cape-town-another-country-no-former-south-african-minister . 2023-09-21 . 2023-12-23 . Africa Check . en.
  250. Web site: The Website Blacklist – #exposed . https://web.archive.org/web/20221205173946/https://exposed.news24.com/the-website-blacklist/ . 2022-12-05 . 2023-12-23 . . en-US.
  251. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-04-17 . PolitiFact - Fake news headline blames Texas deputy's real death on fictitious Muslim refugees . https://web.archive.org/web/20201225233821/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/17/blog-posting/fake-news-headline-blames-texas-deputys-real-death/ . 2020-12-25 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  252. Web site: Fake Newspaper announces the involvement of journalists of Radio Liberty in the killing of Saimaitu Airken . https://web.archive.org/web/20230224143134/https://www.qurium.org/alerts/kyrgyzstan/fake-newspaper-announces-the-involvement-of-journalists-in-the-killing-of/ . 2023-02-24 . 2023-12-30 . Qurium Media Foundation . en-GB.
  253. Web site: Did John McCain accidentally vote 'no' on Affordable Care Act repeal?. Dan. Evon. Snopes. 2017-08-09. 2018-06-18. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202928/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/did-john-mccain-accidentally-vote-no-on-aca-repeal/. live.
  254. Web site: 2017-03-20 . Fake News: Lindsey Graham Did NOT Threaten To Convert To Democrat If Republicans Don't Dump Trump . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607132203/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2017/03/fake-news-lindsey-graham-did-not-threaten-to-convert-to-democrat-if-republicans-dont-dump-trump.html . 2023-06-07 . 2024-02-03 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  255. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-05-17 . PolitiFact - Conspiracy theorists concoct fake report of Obama arrest for drug smuggling . https://web.archive.org/web/20230605080110/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/may/17/blog-posting/conspiracy-theorists-concoct-fake-report-obama-arr/ . 2023-06-05 . 2024-02-03 . . en-US.
  256. Web site: DEFCON Warning Level Escalated to 3. Kim. LaCapria. Snopes. 2016-06-20. 2018-06-18. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202922/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/defcon-warning-level-escalated-to-3/. live.
  257. Web site: Hillary Clinton death hoax. Kim. LaCapria. Snopes. 2016-09-14. 2018-06-20. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202922/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/clinton-reported-dead-replaced/. live.
  258. Web site: New York ICE agent suicide note. Kim. LaCapria. Snopes. 2016-05-09. 2018-06-20. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202939/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/new-york-ice-agent-suicide-note/. live.
  259. Web site: Does the Psychiatrist Who 'Diagnosed' President Trump Lack a License?. Bethania. Palma. Snopes. 2018-01-15. 2018-06-18. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221203023/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/does-psychiatrist-trump-lack-license/. live.
  260. Web site: Were U.S. Marine helicopters spotted over CIA headquarters?. Arturo. Garcia. Snopes. 2017-11-22. 2018-06-20. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202928/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/did-the-u-s-marines-raid-cia-headquarters/. live.
  261. Web site: White House cancels all Obama appearances at Hillary campaign events. Dan. Evon. Snopes. 2016-10-29. 2018-06-20. 2021-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221203019/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/white-house-cancels-all-obama-appearances/. live.
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  263. Web site: Carroll . Lauren . 2016-12-23 . PolitiFact - Fake news blog says Obama bans sending Christmas cards to military . https://web.archive.org/web/20240102135323/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/dec/23/tdtalliancecom/fake-news-blog-says-obama-bans-sending-christmas-c/ . 2024-01-02 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  264. Web site: Evon . Dan . 2015-11-05 . Obama Launches First Salvo in War on Christmas? . https://web.archive.org/web/20220112181202/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/christmas-card-ban-military/ . 2022-01-12 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  265. Web site: 2016-12-23 . AP FACT CHECK: Obama didn't ban Christmas cards to military . https://web.archive.org/web/20240130223700/https://apnews.com/article/464486b02c414f7a8243d4e4e640f608 . 2024-01-30 . 2024-02-04 . Associated Press . en.
  266. Web site: 2013-01-28 . TeaParty.org Drops the (Other) H-Bomb . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924094119/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2013/01/28/teapartyorg-drops-other-h-bomb . 2023-09-24 . 2024-02-04 . . en.
  267. Web site: Burghart . Devin . Zeskind . Leonard . Tea Party Nationalism: A Critical Examination of the Tea Party Movement and the Size, Scope, and Focus of Its National Factions . https://web.archive.org/web/20231017022447/https://www.irehr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/images_pdf_TeaPartyNationalism.pdf . 2023-10-17 . 2024-02-04 . Institute for Research & Education on Human Rights.
  268. Web site: Sherman . Amy . PolitiFact - No, Nancy Pelosi didn't tell Democratic candidates to lie . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604062452/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/aug/17/teapartyorg/no-nancy-pelosi-didnt-tell-democratic-candidates-l/ . 2023-06-04 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  269. Web site: LaCapria . Kim . 2017-06-09 . Maxine Waters Has Shown Up to Only a Tenth of Congressional Meetings for 35 Years? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230402052937/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/maxine-waters-congressional-meetings/ . 2023-04-02 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  270. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-06-15 . PolitiFact - Maxine Waters has not skipped 90 percent of congressional meetings . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603214123/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jun/15/teddystickcom/maxine-waters-has-not-skipped-90-percent-congressi/ . 2023-06-03 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  271. Web site: 2017-06-20 . False Maxine Waters 'Meetings' Statistic . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127203701/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/false-maxine-waters-meetings-statistic/ . 2024-01-27 . 2024-02-04 . FactCheck.org.
  272. Web site: Greenberg . Jon . 2017-07-12 . PolitiFact - Recycled parody: CNN's Zakaria calls for jihadi rape of white women . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119015346/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jul/12/blog-posting/recycled-parody-cnns-zakaria-calls-jihadi-rape-whi/ . 2022-01-19 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  273. Web site: 2017-04-04 . PolitiFact - Doctors' deaths were not connected, as website claims . https://web.archive.org/web/20230321223133/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/apr/04/blog-posting/doctors-deaths-were-not-connected-fake-news-websit/ . 2023-03-21 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  274. Web site: Ramos . Jill Terreri . 2020-02-09 . Yes, it does cost money to stargaze in some NYS parks . https://web.archive.org/web/20200225174627/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/feb/09/free-thought-project/new-yorks-longtime-stargazing-permit-draws-new-att/ . 2020-02-25 . 2024-04-17 . . en-US.
  275. Web site: Advertising Week New York: Ad tech partners funding disinformation websites . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018170457/https://www.disinformationindex.org/files/gdi-report_advertising-week-ny_october-2022.pdf . 2022-10-18 . 2024-04-17 . Global Disinformation Index.
  276. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-11-06 . PolitiFact - Fake news: No proof Antifa, communism compelled Texas shooter Devin Kelley . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928073540/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/nov/06/yournewswirecom/fake-news-no-proof-antifa-communism-compelled-texa/ . 2023-09-28 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  277. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-02-03 . PolitiFact - Old Internet claim that Obama will be on new $1 bill is still wrong . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813061114/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/03/blog-posting/old-internet-claim-obama-will-be-new-1-bill-still-/ . 2022-08-13 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  278. Web site: Silverman . Craig . 2018-08-27 . Revealed: Notorious Pro-Trump Misinformation Site True Pundit Is Run By An Ex-Journalist With A Grudge Against The FBI . 2023-10-29 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  279. Web site: Rothschild . Mike . 2018-12-10 . What life is like inside the right-wing Twitter bubble . 2023-10-29 . The Daily Dot . en-US.
  280. News: Wilson . Jason . 2018-02-21 . Crisis actors, deep state, false flag: the rise of conspiracy theory code words . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-10-29 . 0261-3077.
  281. News: Borchers . Callum . 2021-11-25 . Hillary Clinton earpiece speculation conjures the ghost of George W. Bush's back bulge . en-US . Washington Post . 2023-10-29 . 0190-8286.
  282. News: Sommer . Will . 2018-08-23 . Conspiracy Theorists Try to Turn Pizzagate Pusher Into New Seth Rich . en . The Daily Beast . 2023-10-29.
  283. Web site: Silverman . Craig . 2016-12-05 . How The Bizarre Conspiracy Theory Behind "Pizzagate" Was Spread . 2023-10-29 . BuzzFeed . en-ca.
  284. Web site: 2017-10-23 . True Pundit . 2023-10-29 . Media Matters for America . en.
  285. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-02-21 . PolitiFact - Did John McCain violate Logan Act with call to Australian ambassador? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230926232421/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/feb/21/blog-posting/did-john-mccain-violate-logan-act-call-australian-/ . 2023-09-26 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  286. Web site: 2017-10-26 . No ISIS Arrests in Congress . https://web.archive.org/web/20230128131004/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/10/no-isis-arrests-congress/ . 2023-01-28 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  287. Web site: 2021-11-11 . Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla has not been arrested for vaccine data fraud . https://web.archive.org/web/20230819071632/https://fullfact.org/health/Pfizer-CEO-fraud-claim/ . 2023-08-19 . 2023-12-22 . Full Fact . en.
  288. Web site: Willie Nelson not deathly ill, publicist says. Dave. Byknish. KXAN. 2017-03-23. 2018-06-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620101319/http://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/fake-news-willie-nelson-not-deathly-ill-publicist-says/994858207. 2018-06-20. live.
  289. Web site: Gov. Abbott is totally OK with sharing fake news. Sierra. Juarez. Alex. Zielinski. San Antonio Current. 2017-08-04. 2018-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180625050554/https://www.sacurrent.com/the-daily/archives/2017/08/04/gov-abbott-is-totally-ok-with-sharing-fake-news. 2018-06-25. live.
  290. Zeng . Jing . Schäfer . Mike S. . Conceptualizing "Dark Platforms". Covid-19-Related Conspiracy Theories on 8kun and Gab . . . 21 October 2021 . 9 . 9 . 1321–1343 . 10.1080/21670811.2021.1938165 . free . In contrast, Gab users who shared more far-right "fake news" websites are relatively more visible on Gab. Some of the most cited sources under this category include the Unhived Mind (N = 2,729), Epoch Times (N = 1,303), Natural News (N = 1,301), Breitbart (N = 769), the Gateway Pundit (N = 422), and InfoWars (N = 656)..
  291. Web site: Pflaum . Nadia . 2016-11-01 . Another bogus vote tampering story surfaces out of Ohio . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929004625/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/nov/01/blog-posting/bogus-ballot-stuffing-story-irks-ohio-secretary-st/ . 2023-09-29 . 2024-08-03 . . en-US.
  292. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-08 . PolitiFact - Bloggers push fake story that Vladimir Putin said Pope Francis is 'not a man of God' . https://web.archive.org/web/20231226144243/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/08/blog-posting/vladimir-putin-said-pope-francis-not-man-god-blogg/ . 2023-12-26 . 2024-01-27 . . en-US.
  293. Web site: 2017-08-11 . NOT REAL NEWS: A look at what didn't happen this week . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201023308/https://apnews.com/general-news-5c883100d0984eb0a52edec8a8f701ca . 2024-02-01 . 2024-02-04 . Associated Press . en.
  294. Web site: Valverde . Miriam . PolitiFact - Website falsely claims United Nations 'caught helping and coaching' migrants . https://web.archive.org/web/20230605202902/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/dec/13/blog-posting/website-falsely-claims-united-nations-caught-helpi/ . 2023-06-05 . 2023-12-18 . . en-US.
  295. Web site: 2019-11-01 . No, Ilhan Omar's Children Weren't Arrested for Starting Church Fire . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928140722/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ilhan-omars-children-arrested/ . 2023-09-28 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  296. Carrasco-Farré . Carlos . 2022-05-09 . The fingerprints of misinformation: how deceptive content differs from reliable sources in terms of cognitive effort and appeal to emotions . Humanities and Social Sciences Communications . en . 9 . 1 . 1–18 . 10.1057/s41599-022-01174-9 . 2662-9992 . free .
  297. Web site: Palma . Bethania . 2016-09-27 . Did the U.S. Ignore the 'Racist' Murder of an Elderly White Woman? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921150520/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/racial-murder-elderly-white-woman/ . 2023-09-21 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  298. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake story about Trump voters being Russian agents started on white supremacist website . https://web.archive.org/web/20220520212241/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/may/17/blog-posting/fake-story-about-trump-voters-being-russian-agents/ . 2022-05-20 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  299. News: 2020-08-21 . Fact check: Metal cages in Caruthers, California, are not "proof of human trafficking" . Reuters.
  300. Web site: MacGuill . Dan . 2020-09-02 . Did a California DA Say Looting Is 'Okay' If Suspects 'Need' What They Steal? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231007234520/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/california-da-becton-looting-need/ . 2023-10-07 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  301. Web site: Sadeghi . McKenzie . Fact check: U.S. general refutes rumor that Russian forces captured him in Mariupol . https://web.archive.org/web/20221121202213/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/04/12/fact-check-natos-lt-gen-cloutier-wasnt-captured-ukraine/9500555002/ . 2022-11-21 . 2024-02-04 . USA Today . en-US.
  302. Web site: 2022-09-15 . Fact Check: 'Leaked Letter' Shows Clear Signs It Did NOT Come From UK Ministry Of Defence . https://web.archive.org/web/20230927145540/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/09/fact-check-leaked-letter-shows-clear-signs-it-did-not-come-from-the-ministry-of-defence.html . 2023-09-27 . 2024-02-04 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  303. Ramirez . Nikki McCann . 2023-07-24 . Paul Gosar's Newsletter Features Website That Calls for Readers to 'Stand up for Hitler': Report . https://web.archive.org/web/20231215142747/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/paul-gosar-newsletter-antisemtic-racist-pro-hitler-website-links-1234794315/ . 2023-12-15 . 2024-02-04 . Rolling Stone . en-US.
  304. Web site: Hananoki . Eric . 2023-07-24 . Rep. Paul Gosar promotes another antisemitic site that praises Hitler and denies the Holocaust . https://web.archive.org/web/20231016105724/https://www.mediamatters.org/diversity-discrimination/rep-paul-gosar-promotes-another-antisemitic-site-praises-hitler-and-denies . 2023-10-16 . 2024-02-04 . Media Matters for America . en.
  305. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . PolitiFact - Fake photo shows Seattle Seahawks player Michael Bennett burning American flag . https://web.archive.org/web/20240201033053/https://api.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/sep/29/vets-trump/fake-photo-shows-seattle-seahawks-player-michael-b/ . 2024-02-01 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  306. News: Timberg . Craig . 2019-09-17 . The Facebook page 'Vets for Trump' was hijacked by a North Macedonian businessman. It took months for the owners to get it back. . https://web.archive.org/web/20190928214010/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/09/17/popular-facebook-page-vets-trump-seemed-be-place-former-military-months-macedonians-controlled-it/ . 2019-09-28 . 2024-02-04 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
  307. Web site: Bender . William . 2022-06-13 . Trump supporter Joshua Macias, arrested with guns in Philly during 2020 vote count, faces jail due to Proud Boys meeting . https://web.archive.org/web/20231002005943/https://www.inquirer.com/news/joshua-macias-enrique-tarrio-vets-for-trump-proud-boys-bail-20220613.html . 2023-10-02 . 2024-02-04 . . en.
  308. News: 2020-03-12 . Coronavirus: Italy sees rapid spread of fake news . https://web.archive.org/web/20220818204541/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51819624 . 2022-08-18 . 2024-04-17 . . en-GB.
  309. Web site: 2017-06-10 . John McCain Still a Republican . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924191943/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/john-mccain-still-republican/ . 2023-09-24 . 2024-01-24 . Factcheck.org.
  310. Web site: Broderick . Ryan . 2017-03-08 . I Made A Facebook Profile, Started Liking Right-Wing Pages, And Radicalized My News Feed In Four Days . https://web.archive.org/web/20230608163401/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/i-made-a-facebook-profile-started-liking-right-wing-pages-an . 2023-06-08 . 2024-02-04 . BuzzFeed News . en.
  311. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-07-13 . PolitiFact - Fake news saga wrongly says Nancy Pelosi's daughters caught smuggling drugs . https://web.archive.org/web/20220721125523/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/jul/13/blog-posting/fake-news-saga-wrongly-says-nancy-pelosis-daughter/ . 2022-07-21 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  312. Web site: 2017-07-14 . Phony Pelosi Drug Arrests . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001084843/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/07/phony-pelosi-drug-arrests/ . 2023-10-01 . 2024-02-04 . FactCheck.org.
  313. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-16 . PolitiFact - Fake news wrongly says Whoopi Goldberg arrested for running puppy mill . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  314. Web site: Mikkelson . David . 2019-08-28 . Were Bones of Children Found on Jeffrey Epstein's Island? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231130015857/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/epstein-island-bones/ . 2023-11-30 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  315. Web site: LaCapria . Kim . 2016-09-19 . Was Hillary Clinton Seriously Injured in a Secret Plane Crash? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001182201/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/hillary-clinton-secret-plane-crash/ . 2023-10-01 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  316. Web site: Fossett . Katelyn . 2014-01-13 . Snowden Docs Reveal: Nazi Aliens Rule U.S.! . https://web.archive.org/web/20150214032402/http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/13/snowden-docs-reveal-nazi-aliens-rule-u-s/ . 2015-02-14 . 2024-02-04 . Foreign Policy . en-US.
  317. Web site: 2016-02-10 . Debunking Obama's Dubai Domicile . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924143013/https://www.factcheck.org/2016/02/debunking-obamas-dubai-domicile/ . 2023-09-24 . 2024-02-04 . FactCheck.org.
  318. Web site: Mencimer . Stephanie . 2013-02-05 . The Latest Right-Wing Conspiracy Theory: Obama Death Squads Targeting Gun Rights Activists . https://web.archive.org/web/20231118061612/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/obama-sending-death-squads-after-gun-rights-activists/ . 2023-11-18 . 2024-02-04 . Mother Jones . en-US.
  319. Web site: 2018-01-03 . Fake News: Local Rapper NOT Arrested For Murder After Making Rap Song Telling Full Details Lead Stories . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528121854/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/01/fake-news-local-rapper-not-arrested-for-murder-after-making-rap-song-telling-full-details.html . 2023-05-28 . 2023-12-24 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  320. Web site: 2020-02-05 . Did Michelle Obama File For Divorce After Barack Admitted He Was Gay? . https://web.archive.org/web/20231004202109/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/michelle-obama-divorce-barack/ . 2023-10-04 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  321. Web site: 2019-07-15 . Fake News: NO New Law Says You Must Pay Child Support If The Person You Are Dating Has Kids . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924173447/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2019/07/fake-news-new-law-child-support-person-dating-has-kids.html . 2023-09-24 . 2024-02-04 . Lead Stories . en-US.
  322. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . 2017-08-07 . PolitiFact - Posts wrongly blame John McCain for deadly 1967 fire aboard USS Forrestal . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117185537/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/aug/07/blog-posting/posts-blame-john-mccain-deadly-1967-fire-aboard-us/ . 2024-01-17 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  323. Web site: 2017-08-08 . Trump Didn't Pass Out . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929093954/https://www.factcheck.org/2017/08/trump-didnt-pass/ . 2023-09-29 . 2024-02-04 . FactCheck.org.
  324. News: Beckett . Lois . 2021-01-06 . Misinformation 'superspreaders': Covid vaccine falsehoods still thriving on Facebook and Instagram . https://web.archive.org/web/20240120205849/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/06/facebook-instagram-urged-fight-deluge-anti-covid-vaccine-falsehoods . 2024-01-20 . 2024-02-04 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
  325. Web site: 2018-03-01 . Why Japan had to deny rumours of a Tokyo restaurant serving human meat . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127064611/http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2135287/japanese-embassy-rubbishes-fake-news-reports-human-meat . 2022-11-27 . 2024-02-04 . South China Morning Post . en.
  326. Web site: Funke . Daniel . 2021-03-30 . PolitiFact - False vaccine claims persist on Facebook, despite a ban. Here's why . https://web.archive.org/web/20231001182251/https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/mar/30/why-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation-still-facebook/ . 2023-10-01 . 2024-02-04 . . en-US.
  327. Web site: 2020-11-30 . COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Super-spreaders . https://web.archive.org/web/20230406230021/https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/special-report-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation/ . 2023-04-06 . 2024-02-04 . NewsGuard . en-US.
  328. Web site: 2016-10-07 . Did FEMA create Hurricane Matthew? Inside the wild theory that liberals created the storm . https://web.archive.org/web/20220930045230/https://www.mic.com/articles/156145/did-fema-create-hurricane-matthew-inside-the-wild-theory-that-liberals-created-the-storm . 2022-09-30 . 2024-02-04 . . en.
  329. Web site: Mooney . Paula . 2017-09-25 . Lady Gaga Illuminati Hoax Gets 109,000 Facebook Shares: 'Gaga: Five Foot Two' Netflix Movie Has No 'Soul' Talk . https://web.archive.org/web/20221015065625/https://www.inquisitr.com/4516495/lady-gaga-illuminati-hoax-gets-109000-facebook-shares-gaga-five-foot-two-netflix-movie-has-no-soul-talk/ . 2022-10-15 . 2024-02-04 . The Inquisitr . en.
  330. Web site: Palma . Bethania . 2017-10-06 . Did an Anonymous 4chan User Predict the Las Vegas Shooting Three Weeks in Advance? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930160720/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/4chan-user-prediction-las-vegas-shooting/ . 2023-09-30 . 2024-02-04 . Snopes . en.
  331. Web site: 2019-08-31 . Man arrested for impersonating South African soldier, but not for stealing 'over 3,000 guns' . https://web.archive.org/web/20230922012159/https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/meta-programme-fact-checks/man-arrested-impersonating-south-african-soldier-not . 2023-09-22 . 2023-12-23 . Africa Check . en.
  332. Web site: 2019-05-16 . Sorry to spoil the fun, but no, a student didn't score free KFC meals for a year by posing as an inspector . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514182015/https://factcheck.afp.com/sorry-spoil-fun-no-student-didnt-score-free-kfc-meals-year-posing-inspector . 2023-05-14 . 2024-02-04 . . en.
  333. Web site: Nardelli . Alberto . Silverman . Craig . 2017-01-14 . Hyperpartisan Sites And Facebook Pages Are Publishing False Stories And Conspiracy Theories About Angela Merkel . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421164121/https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/hyperpartisan-sites-and-facebook-pages-are-publishing-false . 2023-04-21 . 2024-08-03 . . en-gb.

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