List of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg 2018–2023 explained

34th Chamber of Deputies
Body:Chamber of Deputies
Meeting Place:Hôtel de la Chambre, Krautmaart
Election:2018 general election
Government:Bettel II
Before:33rd
After:35th
Chamber1:Deputies
Chamber1 Image:D'Chamber 2018.svg
Membership1:60
Chamber1 Leader1 Type:President
Chamber1 Leader1:Fernand Etgen (DP)
Chamber1 Leader2 Type:First Vice President
Chamber1 Leader2:Claude Wiseler (CSV)
Chamber1 Leader3 Type:Second Vice President
Chamber1 Leader3:Mars Di Bartolomeo (LSAP)
Chamber1 Leader4 Type:Third Vice President
Chamber1 Leader4:Henri Kox (Gréng)

This is a list of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg during the 2018–2023 legislature. The Chamber of Deputies is Luxembourg's national legislature, and consists of sixty deputies. They are elected once every five years by the Hagenbach-Bischoff method (a variation on the D'Hondt method) from one of four of Luxembourg's constituencies. The members in this list were elected in the 2018 election. As voters in Luxembourg vote for party lists, should a seat become vacant (through a resignation or death) there is no by-election. Instead the same party nominates a new deputy to fill the seat.

The government during this legislature was the Bettel–Schneider II Government, a coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), and The Greens.

NamePartyConstituencyNotesReference
DPNorth[1]
Fernand EtgenDPNorthPresident of the Chamber of Deputies.[2] [3]
LSAPNorth[4]
Stéphanie EmpainGreensNorth[5]
Emile EicherCSVNorth[6]
Martine HansenCSVNorthLeader of the CSV group[7]
Ali Kaeswidth=5px style="background-color: " CSVNorth[8]
Marco Schankwidth=5px style="background-color: " CSVNorth[9]
ADRNorth[10]
DPEastLeader of the DP group[11]
width=5px style="background-color: " DPEast[12]
LSAPEast[13]
GreensEastReplaced in October 2019.[14]
CSVEast[15]
CSVEast[16]
Octavie ModertCSVEast[17]
DPCentre[18]
DPCentre[19]
DPCentre[20]
DPCentreReplaced Joëlle Elvinger in December 2019.[21]
Lydie Polferwidth=5px style="background-color: " DPCentre[22]
LSAPCentreReplaced Marc Angel in October 2019.[23]
LSAPCentre[24]
Jessie ThillGreensCentreReplaced in January 2022.[25]
GreensCentre[26]
Djuna BernardGreensCentre[27]
GreensCentre[28]
Diane AdehmCSVCentre[29]
Paul Galleswidth=5px style="background-color: " CSVCentre[30]
Marc LiesCSVCentre[31]
Laurent MosarCSVCentre[32]
Viviane RedingCSVCentre[33]
Serge WilmesCSVCentre[34]
Claude WiselerCSVCentre[35]
Roy RedingADRCentre[36]
LeftCentreReplaced David Wagner in May 2021.[37]
Sven ClementPirateCentre[38]
DPSouth[39]
DPSouth[40]
DPSouthReplaced Eugène Berger in January 2020.[41]
Simone Asselborn-Bintzwidth=5px style="background-color: " LSAPSouthReplaced Alex Bodry in January 2020.[42]
LSAPSouth[43]
LSAPSouth[44]
Mars Di BartolomeoLSAPSouth[45]
Dan KerschLSAPSouthReplaced in January 2022.[46]
Lydia MutschLSAPSouth[47]
Semiray AhmedovaGreensSouthAhmedova replaced in October 2019.[48] [49]
Marc HansenGreensSouth[50]
Josée LorschéGreensSouthLeader of the Green group[51]
Nancy ArendtCSVSouth[52]
Félix EischenCSVSouth[53]
Jean-Marie HalsdorfCSVSouth[54]
CSVSouth[55]
CSVSouth[56]
Marc SpautzCSVSouth[57]
Michel Wolterwidth=5px style="background-color: " CSVSouth[58]
Fred KeupADRSouthReplaced Gaston Gibéryen in October 2020.[59]
Fernand KartheiserADRSouth[60]
LeftSouthReplaced Marc Baum in May 2021.[61]
PirateSouth[62]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: André Bauler . . 27 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150611/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=1a8ca350-39f4-4655-9899-fe86ac04c526. 6 September 2020.
  2. Web site: Patrick Besch . Je jure fidélité au Grand-Duc . Luremburger Wort . 3 October 2020 . de . 6 December 2018.
  3. Web site: Fernand Etgen . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906145516/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=e91b6cc6-3e4d-4b88-adfc-448ef4077a11. 6 September 2020.
  4. Web site: Claude Haagen . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150402/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=712d9c4e-b2f4-428b-a529-4e53bd00ed14. 6 September 2020.
  5. Web site: Stéphanie Empain . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150959/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=19387fcf-d9b4-45dd-b4e9-6f2a5e94d018. 6 September 2020.
  6. Web site: Emile Eicher . . 27 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906151126/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=4009819c-f380-456a-b5d1-05f8a88a3aa9. 6 September 2020.
  7. Web site: Martine Hansen . . 27 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906145622/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=34c3571c-db36-44f0-98f3-abac62763d99. 6 September 2020.
  8. Web site: Aly Kaes . . 27 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906151219/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=86f5ceb2-b63c-4fe5-b6d4-725ae32e9631. 6 September 2020.
  9. Web site: Marco Schank . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200907042027/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=bd705b5b-494c-462f-a3e0-9e113bb9281f. 7 September 2020.
  10. Web site: Jeff Engelen . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200907042051/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=b891e5e6-f691-4356-bb7a-a081822bf658. 7 September 2020.
  11. Web site: Gilles Baum . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150320/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=9a28aeb1-c183-4c11-b224-ad339ea06c05. 6 September 2020.
  12. Web site: Carole Hartmann . . 27 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150712/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=76f975f7-2d89-46ea-95b0-31adfd08e030. 6 September 2020.
  13. Web site: Tess Burton . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150820/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=d92fa41a-5be8-443f-9d94-8c26b582820a. 6 September 2020.
  14. Web site: Chantal Gary . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906151019/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=fa2f364d-83f2-42f0-9020-cf9c0b79ca1d. 6 September 2020.
  15. Web site: Léon Gloden . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150351/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=41888d71-80ce-4d3e-b5b8-06915a25cc6b. 6 September 2020.
  16. Web site: Françoise Hetto-Gaasch . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20200902051946/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=01355edf-9d51-4d5f-83e3-7a91e737ccf0 . 2 September 2020.
  17. Web site: Octavie Modert . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008033316/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=9b963db4-77a9-4424-9de8-12fd1ae789ac. 8 October 2020.
  18. Web site: Guy Arendt . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150545/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=eafed890-f5f4-46e8-a9e6-a958a4f7b370. 6 September 2020.
  19. Web site: Simone Beissel . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20200906145810/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=352e6ffb-e8a3-493e-8211-f4a84df449b5 . 6 September 2020 .
  20. Web site: Frank Colabianchi . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008045352/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=d498b4d4-f990-4297-b9af-33f51765fc63. 8 October 2020.
  21. Web site: Claude Lamberty . . 28 September 2020 . fr . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008081316/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a9e1d1fa-1951-49ce-988e-29a40285458a. 8 October 2020.
  22. Web site: Lydie Polfer . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009021617/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a7fe5e53-06d3-48ab-b7a1-e5b5d799796c. 9 October 2020.
  23. Web site: Francine Closener . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212811/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=e3dddd18-b968-40de-852c-8a40d95b2d73 . 8 October 2020.
  24. Web site: Cécile Hemmen . . 28 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008055520/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=1bb94086-ac57-4c2a-82f4-219c089c4797. 8 October 2020.
  25. Web site: Carlo Back . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009004739/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=2a66d238-3815-432a-90c9-c15e9646a4b9. 9 October 2020.
  26. Web site: François Benoy . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009004733/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=3a251e9f-4f41-49e3-878a-dbd5f59bda84. 9 October 2020.
  27. Web site: Djuna Bernard . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212916/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=b3059f80-4736-441b-a02b-68359532ef81. 8 October 2020.
  28. Web site: Charles Margue . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906151045/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=247de0a6-40ec-4564-8870-0b5b6a259dcc. 6 September 2020.
  29. Web site: Diane Adehm . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009004735/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=003db1c3-5579-403e-b31b-39d4a99c33a7. 9 October 2020.
  30. Web site: Paul Galles . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008131542/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=1176aa74-e97d-4605-bbc8-e06f45ac1263. 8 October 2020.
  31. Web site: Marc Lies . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203127/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=3945714c-4f6f-4332-92d2-4ea108fdd1eb. 8 October 2020.
  32. Web site: Laurent Mosar . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201011125303/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a9842785-fe2b-4203-aaf1-3d7a62c7edf8. 11 October 2020.
  33. Web site: Viviane Reding . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008062046/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=7d10a6e1-3d8b-4bf6-9a1e-4f851a2a94fc. 8 October 2020.
  34. Web site: Serge Wilmes . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009015049/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=0cd81592-56e5-4c50-ad03-41c8e0c7b179. 9 October 2020.
  35. Web site: Claude Wiseler . . 29 September 2020. fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201012063338/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=cfbc3034-7695-4a32-8d62-b74482c108ff. 12 October 2020.
  36. Web site: Roy Reding . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008160837/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=59f6b8a5-08ba-45eb-86e4-db93f6998b80. 8 October 2020.
  37. Web site: David Wagner . . 29 September 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200902053551/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=1099f9df-63fc-4762-a467-1911ee367f90. 2 September 2020.
  38. Web site: Sven Clement . . 1 October 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150422/https://chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=61db752f-2dd7-4402-be57-0947b68f00dd. 6 September 2020.
  39. Web site: Gusty Graas . . 1 October 2020 . fr. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013525/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=c5d9698d-2854-476e-953d-a5fc33449e85. 9 October 2020.
  40. Web site: Max Hahn . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211228103532/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=f316fdc6-4c01-4057-8244-49877f9ae636 . 2021-12-28 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  41. Web site: Pim Knaff . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192125/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=d74b215c-27b6-443d-b3b9-7eac661eb0a3 . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  42. Web site: Simone Asselborn-Bintz . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192158/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=22cf247a-c21b-44be-b58d-6ea451d6ba07 . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  43. Web site: Dan Biancalana . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192215/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=7ce84bf7-9052-4e5f-a46e-706af14037a0 . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  44. Web site: Yves Cruchten . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185256/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=3323d906-3583-486d-a0a4-86d889c3073d . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  45. Web site: Mars Di Bartolomeo . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004184449/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=3e6d82b4-b3ba-4468-86e2-df5a75b0fe51 . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  46. Web site: Georges Engel . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032451/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=eb71ac23-fa2c-40ba-bb5c-f2d9852149de . 2021-12-27 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  47. Web site: Lydia Mutsch . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185343/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=86f77bc8-88a0-44a8-8f0b-83008559719c . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  48. Web site: Pascal Steinwachs . Große Rochade . Lëtzebuerger Journal . 1 October 2020 . de . 2 October 2019.
  49. Web site: Semiray Ahmedova . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192345/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=79370fa2-8fb8-4eb8-8098-3d8e9d9163df . 2022-10-04 . 1 October 2020 . . fr.
  50. Web site: Marc Hansen . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192457/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=c6d475c6-0f56-4073-ae5f-2018a192a92d . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  51. Web site: Josée Lorsché . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185314/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=f502bcc1-0b07-4052-a885-6c821ef23b6f . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  52. Web site: Nancy Arendt épouse Kemp . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192614/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=06f30309-575e-43ed-90bd-6f11792d5c5c . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  53. Web site: Félix Eischen . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192651/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=31a996f1-bf01-453d-abcf-cb6ccc0a8fed . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  54. Web site: Jean-Marie Halsdorf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192729/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=7a99edc6-1a16-452f-a0a8-225c822ba532 . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  55. Web site: Georges Mischo . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192844/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=7029477e-b348-497e-93bc-3922f3119ea3 . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  56. Web site: Gilles Roth . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185719/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=04c85412-9f8c-4547-899c-4d75d1a39f6b . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  57. Web site: Marc Spautz . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185213/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=0b696761-361a-496b-9e7c-26a67451df35 . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  58. Web site: Michel Wolter . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004193002/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a5e10561-7d18-41f8-9c68-6668f60a817e . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  59. Web site: Gast Gibéryen . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20201011041833/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=c8bfc2ac-0a4f-4910-ad98-5c754618c41b . 2020-10-11 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  60. Web site: Fernand Kartheiser . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185453/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a5822008-b762-4228-ab23-ecd365a848af . 2022-10-04 . 4 October 2020 . . fr.
  61. Web site: Marc Baum . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210424004848/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=a94c6066-6aa5-451e-b408-c19cd0fc8410 . 2021-04-24 . 3 October 2020 . . fr.
  62. Web site: Marc Goergen . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322022529/https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/OrganisationEtFonctionnement/Organisation/Deputes/FicheDepute?ref=8026c6b8-1451-4873-98d8-91c59911d60a . 2022-03-22 . 3 October 2020 . . fr.