The following is a list of members of the Estonian Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu) of 1919–20. The Russian Provisional Government created the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia in April 1917 and decreed that it should have its own governor and an elected Provincial Assembly, which convened in July 1917. On 28 November that year, it declared its laws sovereign over Estonia,[1] but the Bolsheviks led by Jaan Anvelt occupied Tallinn (Estonia's capital) and declared the Provincial Assembly dissolved; as they retreated in February 1918, the Estonian Salvation Committee issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence. Soon afterwards, however, German forces occupied Estonia, a situation made formal under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; after Germany's withdrawal at the end of the First World War in November 1918, a Provisional Government proclaimed independence, but the Soviet Russian Red Army occupied Estonia shortly afterwards, triggering the Estonian War of Independence. Only once the Red Army had been expelled from the region in February 1919[2] could the Provincial Assembly (still technically sitting) establish a Constituent Assembly "to lay the foundations for Estonian statehood [and] to adopt the Constitution".[3] The Assembly sat between 23 April 1919 and 20 December 1920,[4] following elections held on 5–7 April 1919.[3] It ratified the 1st Constitution of Estonia which provided for a new legislative chamber: the Riigikogu.[2]
Source: Jaan Toomla, Valitud ja Valitsenud: Eesti parlamentaarsete ja muude esinduskogude ning valitsuste isikkoosseis aastail 1917–1999 (National Library of Estonia, 1999), pp. 25–32.
| Name | Party | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juhan Mihkel Ainson | ER | Left office 18.12.1919, replaced by Juhan Ostrat | |
| Jaan Ammermann | ESDTP | ||
| Ado Anderkopp | ETE | ||
| Alma Anvelt-Ostra (or Oinas) | ESDTP | ||
| August Arras | ETE | Left office 16.10.1919; replaced by Theodor Käärik | |
| Emma Asson (Petersen) | ESDTP | ||
| Karl Ast (or Rumor) | ESDTP | ||
| Alma Ast-Anni | ESDTP | Took office 28.05.1920; replaced Eduard Vilde | |
| Robert Astrem (or Aström) | ESDTP | Left office 23.04.1920; replaced by Gustav Küjen | |
| Marie Helene Aul | ESDTP | Left office 12.05.1919; replaced by Karl Lukk | |
| Eduard Georg Aule | EMRL | Left office 23.04.1919; replaced by Jaan Raamot | |
| Kaarel August Baars | ETE | ||
| Adam Bachmann (or Randalu) | ER | ||
| Ado Birk | ER | ||
| Eduard Birkenberg | ER | Took office 12.12.1919, replacing Peeter Põld; left office 21.10.1920 and replaced by Gustav Seen | |
| Max Woldemar Gustav Ed. Bock | SEE | ||
| Christian Brüller | EMRL | Took office 28.09.1920, replacing Heinrich Tats | |
| Karl Einbund (or Eenpalu) | ER | Took office 26.04.1919, replacing Jaan Masing | |
| August Ehrlich | ER | Took office 27.08.1919, replacing Jaan Mägi | |
| Johan Epner | ESDTP | Took office on 04.02.1920, replacing Nikolai Köstner; left office on 31.07.1920 and replaced by Verner Nerep | |
| Johannes Ernesaks | ESDTP | ||
| Villem Ernits | ESDTP | ||
| Karl Oskar Freiberg (or Kurmiste) | (ESRP)EISTP | Took office on 07.09.1920, replacing Johannes Semper | |
| Julius Grünberg (or Tarmisto) | EMRL | Left office 23.04.1919; replaced by Kristjan Haho | |
| Timotheus Grünthal | ETE | ||
| Gustav Arnold Grünvald (or Grünvaldt) | ESDTP | Left office 14.11.1919; replaced by Jaan Pakk | |
| Kristjan Haho | EMRL | Took office on 23.04.1919, replacing Julius Grünberg | |
| Voldemar Hammer | ESDTP | Left office 30.06.1919; replaced by Jakob Mikiver | |
| Eduard Hubel | ER | Left office 23.04.1919; replaced by Johannes Reinthal | |
| Jaan Hünerson | EMRL | ||
| Karl Inglist | ESDTP | ||
| Karl Ipsberg | EMRL | ||
| Jüri Jaakson | ER | ||
| Johan Jans | ESDTP | ||
| Aleksander Janson (or Alumäe) | (ESRP)EISTP | Took office 10.10.2019, replacing Andres Loorits | |
| Leopold Johannes Johanson | ESDTP | ||
| Peet Johanson | ETE | ||
| Erich Joonas (or Jonas) | (ESRP)EISTP | ||
| Mihkel Juhkam | ETE | Left office 03.11.1919; replaced by Ferdinand Peterson | |
| Jaan Järve | ER | Took office 27.09.1919, replacing Hans Priimägi | |
| August Jürman (or Jürmann/Jürima) | EMRL | ||
| Tõnis Kalbus | ETE | ||
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | ER | Left office 21.05.1919; replaced by Aleksander Schipai | |
| Nikolai Kann | KRE | ||
| Eduard Kansman (or Kansa) | ETE | Took office 5.11.1919, replacing Johannes Zimmermann; left office 16.03.1920 and replaced by Madis Käbin | |
| Artur Kaplur | ESDTP | ||
| Aleksander Leon Richard Kapp | KRE | Took office 30.07.1919, replacing Johann Kõpp | |
| Peeter Karin (or Karrin) | ESDTP | Left office 15.04.1920 and replaced by Johannes Rätsep | |
| Juhan Kartau | ESDTP | ||
| Hugo Bernhard Kikson | ESDTP | ||
| Karl-Bernhard Kirp | ER | Left office 09.03.1920, replacing Jaan Poska; left office 11.03.1920 and replaced by Jakob Ploompuu | |
| Hermann Koch | SEE | ||
| Theodor Koik | ESRP | Left office 02.05.1919 and replaced by Jaan Piiskar | |
| Rudolf Koil | ESDTP | Took office 17.12.1919, replacing August Reeben | |
| Konstantin Konik | ETE | ||
| Karl-Ferdinand Kornel | ER | ||
| Hans Kruus | (ESRP)EISTP | ||
| Juhan Kukk | ETE | ||
| Minni Kurs-Olesk | ESDTP | ||
| Hugo Kuusner | ER | ||
| Johann Kõpp | KRE | Left office 29.07.1919; replaced by Aleksander Kapp | |
| Madis Käbin | ETE | Took office 17.03.1920, replacing Eduard Kansman | |
| Jaan Kärner | (ESRP)EISTP | ||
| Theodor Käärik | ETE | Took office 17.10.1919, replacing August Arras | |
| Nikolai Köstner | ESDTP | Left office 03.02.1920; replaced by Johan Epner | |
| Eduard Kübarsepp | ER | Took office 24.01.1920, replacing Harald Normak | |
| Gustav Küjen | ESDTP | Took office 24.04.1920, replacing Robert Astrem; died in office 17.08.1920 and replaced on 18.08.1920 by Johannes Põllupüü | |
| Anton Laar | KRE | Left office 17.11.1919 and replaced by Hans Leesment | |
| Jaan Lattik | KRE | ||
| Hans Leesment | KRE | Took office 18.11.1919, replacing Anton Laar | |
| Johannes Lehtman | ETE | Left office 06.10.1919; replaced by Jakob Sõnajalg | |
| Jaan Letner | ESDTP | Left office 23.04.1919; replaced by Tõnu Talbak | |
| Jakob Lindros | ESDTP | ||
| Tõnu Loik | ETE | ||
| Peeter Londo | ESDTP | Took office 23.04.1919, replacing Georg Puusepp | |
| Andres Loorits | ESRP | Left office 09.10.1919 and replaced by Aleksander Janson | |
| Karl Michael Lukk | ESDTP | Took office 13.05.1919, replacing Marie Helene Aul | |
| Jaan Lõo | ER | Left office 16.12.1919 and replaced by Harald Normak | |
| Nikolai Maim | ER | Took office 25.07.1919, replacing Karl Väli | |
| Anton Martinson | ESDTP | Died in office 17.06.1919; replaced by Märt Raud on 18.06.1919 | |
| Hans Martna | ESDTP | ||
| Mihkel Martna | ESDTP | Left office 26.04.1919; replaced by Karl Einbund | |
| Jaan Masing | ER | ||
| Hans Mets | ESDTP | ||
| Jaan Mets | ETE | ||
| Johannes Meier (or Meyer) | SEE | Left office 26.01.1920; replaced by George Stackelberg | |
| Jakob Mikiver | ESDTP | Took office 01.07.1919, replacing Voldemar Hammer | |
| Jaan Mägi | ER | Left office 26.08.1919; replaced by August Ehrlich | |
| Mihkel Neps | ESDTP | ||
| Verner Nerep | ESDTP | Took office 07.09.1920, replacing Johan Epner | |
| Eduard Nipmann | ESDTP | ||
| Harald Normak | ER | Took office 17.12.1919, replacing Jaan Lõo; left office 23.01.1920 and replaced by Eduard Kübarsepp | |
| Hans Nurk | ESDTP | ||
| Mats Nõges | ER | ||
| Aleksander Oinas | ESDTP | ||
| Lui Olesk | ETE | ||
| August Onton | ESDTP | ||
| Hans Orav | ETE | Took office 07.10.1919, replacing Aleksander Velvelt | |
| Juhan Ostrat | ER | Took office 19.12.1919, replacing Johan Ainson; left office 22.01.1920 and replaced on 23.01.1920 by Jaan Sitska | |
| Johannes Paalberg | ER | Left office 11.05.1919 and replaced by Julius Reintam | |
| Jaan Pakk | ESDTP | Took office 15.11.1919, replacing Gustav Grünvald | |
| Kaarel Parts | ER | Left office 11.12.1919 and replaced by Heinrich Tats | |
| Christoph Peiker | ETE | ||
| Ferdinand Peterson (or Petersen) | ETE | Took office 04.11.1919, replacing Mihkel Juhkam | |
| Ants Piip | ETE | ||
| Jaan Piiskar | (ESRP)EISTP | Took office 03.05.1919, replacing Theodor Koik | |
| Johan Pitka | ER | Left office 28.05.1919 and replaced by August Sternfeldt | |
| Jakob Ploompuu | ER | Took office 12.03.1920, replacing Karl Kirp | |
| Johann Ploompuu | ER | ||
| Theodor Pool | ETE | ||
| Jaan Poska | ER | Died in office 07.03.1920 and replaced on 09.03.1920 by Karl Kirp | |
| Helmi Press-Jansen | ESDTP | ||
| Hans Priimägi | ER | Took office 22.05.1919, replacing Jaan Uri; left office 26.08.1919 and replaced by Jaan Järve | |
| Jakob Puss | ESDTP | Took office 24.10.1919, replacing Tõnu Talbak | |
| Georg Puusepp | ESDTP | Left office 23.04.1919 and replaced by Peeter Londo | |
| Peeter Siegfried Põld | ER | Left office 11.12.1919 and replaced by Eduard Birkenberg | |
| Johannes Põllupüü | ESDTP | Took office 18.08.1920, replacing Gustav Küjen | |
| Johanna Päts | ETE | ||
| Konstantin Päts | EMRL | ||
| Voldemar Päts | ETE | ||
| Hans Pöhl | KRE | ||
| Mait Püümann (or Püümets) | ESDTP | ||
| Jaan Raamot | EMRL | Took office 23.04.1919, replacing Eduard Aule | |
| Karl Rand | ESDTP | Took office 05.05.1920, replacing Johannes Rätsep | |
| Nikolai Raps | ESDTP | Took office 24.10.1919, replacing Jüri Uustalu; left office 13.11.1919 and replaced by August Reeben | |
| Anton Ratasepp | ESDTP | Took office 09.08.1919, replacing August Tibar | |
| Märt Raud | ESDTP | Took office 18.06.1919, replacing Anton Martinson | |
| Hugo Raudsepp | (ESRP)EISTP | ||
| August Reeben | ESDTP | Took office 14.11.1919, replacing Nikolai Raps; left office on 16.12.1919 and replaced by Rudolf Koil | |
| August Rei | ESDTP | ||
| Julius Reintam | ER | Took office 12.05.1919, replacing Johannes Paalberg | |
| Johannes Reinthal (or Reintalu) | ER | Took office 23.04.1919, replacing Eduard Hubel | |
| Marie Reisik | ER | ||
| Eduard Rosenvald | ER | ||
| Peeter Ruubel | ETE | Took office 07.10.1919, replacing Karl Saar | |
| Johannes Rätsep | ESDTP | Took office 16.04.1920, replacing Peeter Karin; left office 04.05.1920 and replaced by Karl Rand | |
| Karl-August Saar | ETE | Left office 06.10.1919 and replaced by Peeter Ruubel | |
| Aleksander Schipai (or Šipai) | ER | Took office 22.05.1919, replacing Oskar Kallas | |
| Arnold Paul Schulbach (or Süvalep) | ETE | ||
| Gustav Seen | ER | Took office 22.10.1920, replacing Eduard Birkenberg | |
| Julius Seljamaa | ETE | ||
| Johannes Semper | (ESRP)EISTP | Left office 06.09.1920 and replaced by Karl Freiberg | |
| Jaan Sitska | ER | Took office 23.01.1920, replacing Juhan Ostrat | |
| Aleksei Sorokin | VKK | ||
| Georg Rudolf Stackelberg | SEE | Took office 27.01.1920, replacing Johannes Meyer | |
| August Voldemar Sternfeldt | ER | Took office 29.05.1919, replacing Johan Pitka | |
| Otto August Strandman | ETE | ||
| Jakob Sõnajalg | ETE | Took office 07.10.1919, replacing Johannes Lehtman | |
| Eduard Säkk | ETE | ||
| Johannes-Friedrich Zimmermann | ETE | Left office 04.11.1919 and replaced by Eduard Kansman | |
| Tõnu Talbak | ESDTP | Took office 23.04.1919, replacing Jaan Letner; left office 25.10.1919 and replaced by Jakob Puss | |
| Nikolai Talts | ETE | ||
| Heinrich Tats | EMRL | Took office 12.12.1919, replacing Kaarel Parts; left office 27.09.1920 and replaced by Christjan Brüller | |
| Jaan Teemant | EMRL | ||
| Anna Tellman (or Tõrvand) | ETE | Took office 07.10.1919, replacing Mihkel Varrik; left office 08.08.1919 and replaced by Anton Ratasepp | |
| August Tibar | ESDTP | ||
| Viktor Tomberg (or Tarmas) | ETE | ||
| Karl Heinrich Tomingas[5] | |||
| Aleksander Tulp | ESDTP | ||
| Jaan Tõnisson | ER | ||
| Artur Uibopuu | ER | ||
| Jüri Uluots | EMRL | ||
| Jaan Uri | ER | Left office 21.05.1919 and replaced by Hans Priimägi | |
| Jüri Uustalu | ESDTP | Left office 23.10.1919 and replaced by Nikolai Raps | |
| Jaan Vain | ESDTP | ||
| Mihkel Varrik | ETE | Left office 06.10.1919 and replaced by Anna Temman | |
| Aleksander August Veiderman (or Veiderma) | ETE | ||
| Aleksander Veiler | ETE | ||
| Aleksander Velvelt | ETE | Left office 06.10.1919 and replaced by Hans Orav | |
| Arnold Vesterberg | ESDTP | ||
| Jakob Westholm | ER | ||
| Eduard Vilde | ESDTP | Left office 27.05.1920 and replaced by Alma Ast-Anni | |
| Karl Virma | ESDTP | ||
| Karl Väli | ER | Left office 24.07.1919 and replaced by Nikolai Maim |