List of massacres in Kosovo explained

This is a list of massacres that happened in Kosovo throughout history.

Ottoman period

See also: Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars.

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
1878 attacks	1878	Kosovo vilayet		Albanian refugees	Serbs	Incoming Albanian refugees to Kosovo who were expelled by the Serb army from the Sanjak of Niș were involved in revenge attacks and hostile actions to the local Serb population.^[1]
1898–1899 attacks	1898-1899	Old Serbia		Albanians	Serbs
1901 massacres of Serbs	1901	Pristina and Ibarski Kolašin		Albanians	Serbs	^[2]
Takeover of Pristina	~23 October 1912	Pristina	5,000^[3]	Serbian army	Albanians	First Balkan War^[4]
Takeover of Ferizaj	24 October 1912	Ferizaj	1,200	Serbian army	Albanians	First Balkan War^[5] ^[6] ^[7]
Takeover of Prizren	1912	Prizren	5,000^[8]	Serbian and Montenegrin armies	Albanians	First Balkan War
Leshkobare massacre	1912	Lloshkobare	8	Serbian army	Albanians	First Balkan War
Torching of Bobaj	1912	Bobaj		Serbian army	Albanians	All inhabitants of Bobaj were killed.
Extermination of Opoja and Restelica	1912-1913	Opoja and Restelica	thousands	Serbian army	Albanians	Serbian troops were ordered to exterminate the population of the villages of Opoja, Gora, Bellobrad, Brrut, Rrenc, Bresanë, Zym and Qafëleshi.
Razing of Peja	1912-1913	Peja		Serbian army and Chetniks	Albanians	^[9] ^[10] ^[11]
Bytyci massacre	1913	Highlands of Gjakova	51	Serbian army	Albanians	First Balkan War^[12]
Massacre of the Rugova tribe	1913	Rugova		Montenegrin army	Albanians	Every man of the Rugova tribe was reportedly killed.^[13]
Vushtrri killings	1913	Vushtrri		Serbian army	Albanians	^[14]

World War I

See also: Massacres of Albanians in World War I and Kosovo during World War I.

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
Astrazubi massacre	1914	Malisheva	227	Serbian army	Albanians	90% of the houses in Astrazubi were destroyed.^[15]
Peja massacres	1914	Peja		Serbian army	Albanians	25 civilians were killed each day.^[16]
Lubishtë massacre	1914	Lubishtë	104	Serbian army	Albanians	^[17]
Julekar massacre	1914	Viti	24	Serbian army	Albanians
Attack on Bytyci	1915	Highlands of Gjakova		Serbian army	Albanians	The Ushki family almost completely killed, with only one survivor.
Bombardment of Vechali	1915	Prizren–Tetovo	65	Serbian army	Albanians	The Serbian army shelled the village of Vecali.^[18]

Interwar period

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
Rugova massacre	16 February 1919		842	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians ^[19] ^[20] ^[21]
Mitrovica killings	1919-1921	Mitrovica	1,330	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians	^[22]
Peja killings	1919-1921	Peja	1,563	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians
Prizren killings	1919-1921	Prizren	4,600	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians
Ferizaj killings	1919-1921	Ferizaj	1,694	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians
Keqekolla massacre	January 1921	Keqekollë		Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians	^[23] ^[24]
Prapashtica massacre	January 1921	Prapashticë		Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians
Dushkajë massacre	1921	Dushkajë	63	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians	^[25]
Dubnica massacre	10 February 1924	Dubnica	25	Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Albanian civilians	^[26]

World War II

See also: Kosovo during World War II.

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
Massacres of Kosovo Serbs	April-May 1941	Districts of Peja, Djakovica, Istok and Drenica	162	Albanians	Serbs	Massacres accompanied by expulsions and burning down of villages.
Istok killings	1941-1943	Istok	275	Albanians	Serbs
Goraždevac killings	1941	Goraždevac, near Peja	47	Albanians	Serbs
Ibarski Kolašin massacres	30 September–10 October 1941	Ibarski Kolašin	150	Albanians	Serbs	22 villages also burnt down.
Ibarski Kolašin killings	1942-1943	Ibarski Kolašin	130	Albanians	Serbs
June 1942 Pristina killings	Late June 1942	Pristina area	100	Albanians	Serbs
Vareška Reka massacre	June 1943		15	Albanians	Serbs
Trepča mine executions	3-7 June 1943	Trepča mine, Mitrovica	64	Albanians	Serbs	Mass shooting of Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards at the Trepča mine prison, most of whom were workers that had fallen ill, and among whom several were peasants from the Mitrovica vicinity.
Uroševac massacre	11–12 September 1943	Uroševac area	60	Albanians	Serbs	48 were killed in the town itself, while 12 others were taken out of town and killed after being tortured. The unit responsible was commanded by Amdija Jašarević.
Nekodim, Baroš Selo, Duganjevo and Plešina murders	12–13 September 1943	Nekodim, Baroš Selo, Duganjevo and Plešina	Unknown	Albanians	Serbs
Žerovnica killings	10 October 1943	Žerovnica	6	Albanians	Serbs
Brestovik mass killing	13 October 1943	Brestovik	19	Albanians	Serbs	19 Serbs in the Serb village of Brestovik near Peja were killed by Albanian quislings on 13 October 1943. Before the Italian capitulation (September 1943), 12 villagers had also been killed.
Rakoš massacre	October 1943	Rakoš	65	Albanians	Serbs	Serbs shot by Albanians in Rakoš, a village half-way between Kosovska Mitrovica and Peć.
Peja massacres	Late 1943	Peja	230	Albanians	Serbs
Rakoš mass killings	3 December 1943	Rakoš	30	Albanians	Serbs
Siga massacre	4 December 1943	Siga	36	Albanians	Serbs	36 Serbs from the village of Siga were massacred by the Kosovo Regiment
Peja mass killings	4-7 December 1943	Peja	300	Albanians	Serbs	Between 4 and 7 December 1943, 400 soldiers of Kosovo Regiment commanded by Xhafer Deva surrounded Peć and committed mass murder of local Serbs and Montenegrins, killing at least 300 people.
Tople Vode massacre	1944	Kačanik	13	Bulgarian forces	Serbs	13 Serbs from the village of Vrbeštica shot by Bulgarian forces.
Štrpce massacre	30 June 1944	Štrpce	50	Bulgarian military	Serbs	Serbs shot after the death of a Bulgarian soldier.

Kosovo War

See also: War crimes in the Kosovo War.

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
Attacks on Likošane and Ćirez	28 February–1 March 1998	Likošane and Ćirez, near Glogovac	26	Serbian special police	Albanian civilians	Operation against Albanian civilians.
Attack on Prekaz	5–7 March 1998	Prekaz, near Skenderaj	58	VJ, SAJ	KLA, Albanian civilians	operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia which lasted from 5-7 March 1998, which goal was to eliminate Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) suspects and their families. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members.
Volujak Massacre	17-19 July 1998	Volujak	25	KLA	Serbian civilians	According to Serb authorities, 25 male Kosovo Serb civilians were executed. Serbia attributes the killings to the KLA "Orahovac group"^[27]
Klečka killings	17–22 July 1998	Klečka	22	KLA	Serbian civilians	KLA used cremation chambers to burn bodies of killed Serbian civilians, covering up the crime. 22 bodies were identified from remains.^[28]
Mališevo mass grave	17-20 July 1998		13	KLA	Serbian civilians	12 Serbs and 1 Bulgarian were kidnapped and then executed by the KLA in Mališevo between 17-20 July 1998
Orahovac Massacre	17-20 July 1998	Orahovac	47	KLA	Serbian civilians	More than 100 Serbian and Roma civilians from Orahovac and its surrounding villages - Retimlje, Opterusa, Zočište and Velika Hoca - in western Kosovo were kidnapped and placed in prison camps by KLA fighters; 47 were massacred
Lake Radonjić massacre	Before 9 September 1998	Glođane	34	KLA	Serbs, Albanians	On 9 September 1998 the Serbian police announced the finding of a mass grave. By 16 September 34 bodies were gathered. Victims included some Albanians.
Gornje Obrinje massacre	26 September 1998	Gornje Obrinje	21	Serbian special police	KLA, Albanian civilians	Operation against KLA, in retaliation of at least 14 killed Serbian policemen, subsequent massacre with HRW claiming 21 civilians.^[29]
Golubovac executions	26 September 1998	Golubovac	13	Serbian paramilitary	KLA or Albanian civilians	Following Gornje Obrinje, summary execution of men suspected of being KLA.^[30]
Panda Bar massacre	14 December 1998	Peja	6	Serbian Secret Service	Serbian civilians	6 Serb civilians killed and 14 wounded in attack on café in Peja. The KLA was accused at the time of the events, but strongly rejected any involvement. The Serbian Organised Crime Prosecutor's Office launched an investigation in 2016 and reached the conclusion that the massacre was not perpetrated by Albanians.^[31] any years after the incident, the Serbian government officially acknowledged that it was perpetrated by agents of the Serbian Secret Service.^[32]
Račak massacre	15 January 1999	Račak	45	SAJ, JSO	KLA, Albanian civilians	Operation against KLA (9 suspected KLA killed), including killings of civilians. Controversial topic.
Mitrovica massacre	13 March 1999	Bazaar of Mitrovica	6	Serbian police	Albanian civilians	After three grenades were thrown at the market, six people died, over 128 others were injured, many of them remained disabled for life.^[33]
Velika Kruša massacre	25 March 1999	Velika Kruša	90–105	Serbian special police	Albanian civilians
Bela Crkva massacre	25 March 1999	Bela Crkva	62	Serbian special police and paramilitary	Albanian civilians
Suva Reka massacre	26 March 1999	Suva Reka	48	Serbian police	Albanian civilians	Members of the Berisha family were forced into their family-owned pizzeria, where two hand grenades were thrown. Serbian police officers shot those who displayed signs of life. The bodies were disposed into a mass grave near a police facility in Batajnica, Serbia.^[34]
Imeraj massacre	26 March 1999	Pemishtë/Cërkolez	19	Serbian military police & paramilitaries	Albanian civilians	Serbian forces entered the village of Pemishtë/Cërkolez and killed 19 Albanian civilians, all members of the Imeraj family, including 13 women and children.^[35] ^[36]
Izbica massacre	28 March 1999	Kosovo	93	VJ, police and paramilitary	Albanians	After shelling of the village of Izbica, ca. 93, mostly male non-combatants, were executed.
	Podujevo massacre	28 March 1999	Podujevo	14	Serbian security forces, Scorpions	Albanian civilians	Security forces gunned down 19 people in the town of Podujevo, killing 14 people and injuring 5, whom were children ^[37]
Ljubižda massacre	31 March 1999	near Prizren, Kosovo	14	Serbian forces	Albanian civilians	Security forces reportedly shot 14 men in the village of Ljubižda, northwest of Prizren.^[38]
Pusto Selo massacre	31 March 1999	Pusto Selo near Orahovac, Kosovo	106	Serbian forces	KLA or Albanian civilians	The men were allegedly KLA sympathizers.^[39]
Rezala massacre	5 April 1999	Rezala	80	Serbian forces	Albanian civilians	Serbian police allegedly entered the Albanian village of Rezala and gunned down at least 80 villagers suspected of harbouring KLA guerrillas.^[40]
Gjakova bombing	14 April 1999	Gjakova	73	NATO	Albanian refugees	NATO accidentally bomb Albanian refugees in Gjakova.
	Slovinje massacre	15-16 April 1999	Slovinje near Lipljan	35-44	Serbian security forces	Albanians	Between 35 and 44 people were shot and executed by Serbian police and paramillitaries in Slovinje and the immediate villages surrounding it (notably Smolusa) ^[41]
Poklek massacre	17 April 1999		47	Serbian police	Albanians	KLA were active in the area, while a KLA checkpoint was set up in neighbouring Vasiljevo. According to testimonies, 47 people forced into a room were shot by an unidentified single gunman.
Ćikatovo massacre	17 April 1999	Staro Ćikatovo	24	Serbian forces	Albanians	24 men of the Morina family were killed during a day-long raid by Serbian forces. Although survivors claimed that none of the killed were involved with the KLA, several members of the family are admitted KLA members.
Meja massacre	27 April 1999	Meja near Gjakova	377	Serbian forces	Albanian civilians	Serbian forces retaliate for the KLA killing of five Serbian policemen in Meja on 21 April, by mass killings on 27 April in that village. The number of victims is unknown, but is believed by HRW to be 300 (based on missing persons list), although very few bodies have been found. Newer figures raise the number dead to at least 377.^[42]
Lužane bus bombing	1 May 1999	Lužane	23–60	NATO	Serbian civilians	NATO missile attack on bridge.
Vushtrri massacre	2–3 May 1999	Vushtrri, Kosovo	120	Serbian forces	Albanian civilians	Albanian refugees fleeing the fighting that was occurring between the Yugoslav Army and the KLA were cornered by the Serb Special Forces (who suspected that some KLA members were fleeing the fighting with the refugees). The Special Forces picked out about 120 men who they suspected of being KLA deserters and sprayed them with bullets and later hid their bodies in a mass-grave near Gornja Sudimlja.
Koriša bombing	14 May 1999	Koriša	87	NATO	Albanian refugees	NATO bombed a column of Albanian refugees, killing at least 87 and wounding 60.
Ćuška massacre	14 May 1999	Ćuška	41	Serbian security forces	Albanians	An estimated twelve men killed in round-up, 29 men gathered into three houses and gunned down. Unclear motive.
Bilbildere massacre	16 May 1999	Prizren	2	Serbian paramillitaries	Albanians	2 men were captured by Arkan's Tigers and were summarily executed.
Dubrava Prison massacre	22–23 May 1999	Dubrava	79–82	Serbian prison guards	Albanian inmates	Inmates were extrajudicially killed or summary executed on 22 and 23 May following NATO bombings on 19 May.
Tusus massacre	26 May 1999	Prizren	27–34	Serbian forces	Albanians	Serbian forces kill 27–34 people and burn over 100 homes. Retaliation for at least two killed policemen on crossing street that morning by KLA.

Aftermath of Kosovo War

See also: United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.

Event	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Victims	Description
Peja killing	12 June 1999	Peja	7	Serbian forces	Albanian civilians	Six members of a family were killed and one was captured and found dead.^[43]
Gnjilane massacre	June–October 1999	Peja	51	KLA	Serbian civilians	KLA's Gnjilane Group burned homes and murdered Serbs and other non-Albanian civilians. The remains of 51 Serbs were discovered in mass graves in 1999.
Staro Gracko massacre	23 July 1999	Lipjan	14	KLA	Serbian civilians	Mass killing of 14 Serb farmers in the village of Staro Gracko in the municipality of Lipljan on 23 July 1999. The killings occurred after Yugoslav troops withdrew from the region in the aftermath of the Kosovo War.^[44]
Ugljare massacre	Before August 1999	Ugljare	15	KLA	Serbs	KFOR reports on 25 August 1999 the finding of 15 bodies of killed Serbs. Killed months prior, the bodies were concealed by the KFOR.^[45]
Klokot killings	16 August 1999	Klokot	2	Albanian extremists	Serbian civilians	On 16 August 1999, after the Kosovo War, a mortar attack carried out by Albanians killed two Serb civilians and wounded five others in the village. There had earlier that month been two mortar attacks.^[46] ^[47]
Mitrovica massacre	3-4 February 2000	North Mitrovica	10	Serbian extremists	Albanian civilians	Serbian extremists stormed the houses of 10 Albanian civilians and murdered them on the nights of 3-4 February 2000. ^[48] ^[49] ^[50]
Cernica Killings	28 May 2000	Cernica	3	Albanian extremists	Serbian civilians	Three Serbs including a four year old child were murdered in cold blood during a drive-by shooting in Cernica, a village south of Gnjilane.
Podujevo bus bombing	16 February 2001	Podujevo	12	Albanian extremists	Serbian civilians	12 dead and 40 wounded in bombing attack on bus convoy carrying Serbs traveling to Serb enclave Gračanica to visit family graves.
Stolic Family Massacre	3 June 2003	Obilić	3		Serbian civilians	Three Serbs were axed to death. The house was then set on fire.^[51] ^[52] ^[53]
Goraždevac murders	13 August 2003	Goraždevac	2	Albanian extremists	Serbian civilians	Shots fired from Albanian village on the Serb enclave kills two, an adult and a child, and wounding four.
2004 unrest in Kosovo	17-18 March 2004	Kosovo	16	Albanians	Serbian civilians	On 17 and 18 March 2004, a wave of violent riots swept through Kosovo, 16 Serbs and 11 Albanians were killed during the unrest. Over 935 Serbian houses and 35 Churches were burned and destroyed. Over 4000 Serbs were expelled from Kosovo.
Talinoc Killings	6 July 2012	Talinoc i Muhaxhirëve	2		Serbian civilians	A married Serb couple, war refugees who had returned to the village, were murdered in their house on 6 July 2012. After the murders, the village Serbs asked the government to secure their relocation to either Strpce or Gracanica, or else they were to leave for Central Serbia.

See also

• Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
• Balkan Wars (First Balkan War • Second Balkan War)
• World War I
• Interwar period
• World War II
• Kosovo War
• North Kosovo crisis (2011–2013)

Sources

• Book: Abrahams. Fred . Andersen. Elizabeth . Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. registration. 1998. Human Rights Watch. 978-1-56432-194-7. 30–32.
• Book: Antonijević, Nenad. Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа, друго измењено и допуњено издање. Mirković, Jovan. Музеј жртава геноцида. Belgrade. 2009.
• Book: Judah, Tim. Kosovo: War and Revenge. 2002. 2000. Yale University Press. 978-0-300-09725-2.
• Book: Krieger, Heike. The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation 1974-1999. 2001. Cambridge University Press. 0-521-80071-4. 96.
• Book: HRW. Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo. 2001. Human Rights Watch. 978-1-56432-264-7.
• Book: Mikić, Đorđe. Društvene i ekonomske prilike kosovskih srba u XIX i početkom XX veka. 1988. SANU. 9788670250772.
• Book: Yugoslav Survey. 40. 1999. Jugoslavija Publishing House. .

External links

• OSCE: Kosovo/Kosova - As Seen, As Told, 1999
• Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo (Human Right Watch)
• ICTY: Indictment of Milutinović et al., "Kosovo", September 5 2002
• Report of the UN Secretary-General, January 31, 1999
• Photographic Evidence of Kosovo Genocide and Conflict
• SERBIAN MASSACRES BEFORE NATO AIRSTRIKES
• Kosovo Genocide: Massacres
• The Kosovo Cover-Up
• Kosovo massacre trial
• Judgment in the Vlastimir Djorjevic case, February 23, 2011

Notes and References

1. Müller . Dietmar . Orientalism and Nation: Jews and Muslims as Alterity in Southeastern Europe in the Age of Nation-States, 1878–1941 . East Central Europe . 36 . 1 . 2009 . 10.1163/187633009x411485 . 70.
2. Book: Skendi, Stavro . The Albanian National Awakening. 201, 293. 2015. Princeton University Press. 978-1-4008-4776-1.
3. Web site: SERVIAN ARMY LEFT A TRAIL OF BLOOD; Thousands of Men, Women, and Children Massacred in March to Sea, Say Hungarian Reports.. 6 September 2016.
4. Book: Elsie . Robert . Destani . Bejtullah D. . Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II . 30 January 2018 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1-78672-354-3 . en . 10 August 2023.
5. Web site: Archbishop Lazër Mjeda: Report on the Serb Invasion of Kosova and Macedonia. 24 January 1913. Robert Elsie: Texts and Documents of Albanian History.
6. Web site: Elsie . Robert . 1913 Leo Freundlich: Albania's Golgotha: Indictment of the Exterminators of the Albanian People . Robert Elsie: Texts and Documents of Albanian History.
7. Book: Elsie . Robert . Destani . Bejtullah D. . Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II . 30 January 2018 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1-78672-354-3 . en . 10 August 2023.
8. Book: Elsie . Robert . Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. 2010. Scarecrow Press. 9780810874831.
9. Book: Sherifi . Remzije . Rugova . Ibrahim . Shadow Behind the Sun . 2007 . Sandstone . 9781905207473 . 53 . 27 March 2020.
10. Book: Bilheur . Ophélie . Une entrée sanglante dans l'Europe du XXe siècle. Les massacres et atrocités pendant les guerres balkaniques (1912-1913) . 2010 . 107–108 . fr . Dans la région de Peć, plus de 10 000 personnes ont été converties de force, par la menace, la terreur; la moindre opposition est réglée à coups de baïonnettes ou d'incendies de 294 maisons. (In the Pejë region, more than 10,000 people were forcibly converted by threat or terror; the slightest opposition is resolved with bayonets. Two hundred ninety-four houses were burned.) . 21 April 2020.
11. Book: Edith . Durham . Twenty Years Of Balkan Tangle . 1920 . 246 . 29 March 2020.
12. Book: Elsie . Robert . The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture . 24 April 2015 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-0-85773-932-2 . en . 12 August 2023.
13. Book: Jezernik . Božidar . Wild Europe: The Balkans in the Gaze of Western Travellers . 2004 . Saqi . 978-0-86356-574-8 . 109 . en . 21 December 2019.
14. Book: Elsie . Robert . Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II . Destani . Bejtullah D. . 2018 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1-78673-354-2 . 169 . en . 29 March 2020.
15. Rifati . Fitim . 2015 . Mizoritë e Ushtrisë Serbe në Rajonin e Astrazubit më 1914 . Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria e Shkencave Historike . 45 . 81–91 . Albanian.
16. Book: France Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre . Documents Diplomatiques Français (1871-1914): 1913 . 1933 . Impr. nationale . fr . 10 August 2023.
17. Book: Destani . Bejtullah D. . Ethnic Minorities in the Balkan States, 1860-1971: 1888-1914 . 2003 . Archive Editions . 978-1-84097-035-7 . en . 10 August 2023.
18. Book: Bulgaria Ministerstvo na vŭnshnite raboti . La vérité sur les accusations contre la Bulgarie . 1919 . l'État . fr . 10 August 2023.
19. Book: Haxhihasani. Qemal. Xhagolli. Agron. Shqipërisë). Instituti i Kulturës Popullore (Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të. Folklor kosovar. 1985. Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore. sq.
20. Web site: Statistics of the Rugova Massacre. www.albanianhistory.net.
21. Book: Prifti. Kristaq. The Truth on Kosova. 1993. Encyclopaedia Publishing House. en.
22. Book: Pllana . Nusret . Der Terror der Besatzungsmacht Serbien gegen die Albaner . Kabashi . Emin . 2001 . Arkivi Shtetëror i Kosovës . 978-9951-404-00-6 . 1918-1921, sont tues beaucoup d'albanais ainsi que leurs maisons brulees. Dans la prefecture de Peja 1563 personnes tuees et 714 maisons brulees; a Mitrovica 1330 personnes et 42 maisons brulees. . 33 . sq . 19 August 2023.
23. Book: Sherifi . Remzije . Shadow Behind the Sun . 2007 . Sandstone . 978-1-905207-13-8 . 35 . en . 19 August 2023.
24. Book: Studia Albanica . 1981 . L'Institut . 74 . fr . 19 August 2023.
25. Book: Krasniqi . Mark . Lugu i Baranit: monografi etno-gjeografike . 1984 . Akademia e shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës . 37 . sq . 19 August 2023.
26. Web site: Elsie . Robert . The Situation of the Albanian Minority in Yugoslavia Memorandum Presented to the League of Nations . albanianhistory.net.
27. Web site: B92. KLA members suspected of 1998 war crime. 19 January 2007. 22 February 2013.
28. Book: Human Rights Watch. UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo. 2001. Samizdat B92.
29. Book: Henriksen, Dag . NATO's Gamble: Combining Diplomacy and Airpower in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998-1999. 2013. Naval Institute Press. 978-1-61251-555-7. 132–.
30. Web site: Refworld - A Week of Terror in Drenica: Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo . United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees . Refworld . 6 April 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121011150718/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CHRW%2C%2CSRB%2C%2C3ae6a837c%2C0.html . 11 October 2012 .
31. News: Rudic . Filip . Haxhiaj . Rexhepe . Kosovo's Panda Café Massacre Mystery Unsolved 20 Years On . 2018.
32. Book: Everts . Daan . Peacekeeping in Albania and Kosovo: Conflict Response and International Intervention in the Western Balkans, 1997 - 2002 . 2020 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1838604493 . 50 . In mid-December six young Kosovo Serbs were killed, and about a dozen wounded, in the Panda bar in Peja. The murder caused outrage all around, with the KLA getting all the blame. Many years later, the Serbian government officially acknowledged that the murder had been perpetrated by agents of the Serbian Secret Service..
33. Web site: Përkujtohet masakra e 13 marsit 1999 në Mitrovicë. 13 March 2019 . 13 March 2019.
34. News: Four Serb Policemen Jailed for Suva Reka Massacre. 25 April 2009. 1 April 2013.
35. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1384632/Milosevic-faces-justice-for-the-Serbs-crimes-against-humanity.html Milosevic faces justice for the Serbs' crimes against humanity
36. Web site: 20 vjet nga masakra e Padalishtës së Skënderajt - FOKUSI. 26 May 2019. 23 January 2024. www.fokusi.info. Albanian.
37. Web site: Podujevo massacre survivor testifies . 23 December 2008 .
38. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur70/080/1999/en/ Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Kosovo): After tragedy, justice?
39. Web site: UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo - 9. Orahovac Municipality. 6 April 2015.
40. Web site: UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo - 5. Drenica Region. 6 April 2015.
41. News: CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: THE ATROCITIES; Kosovo Town's Tale of Betrayal and Massacre . The New York Times . 6 May 1999 . 6 May 2023 . Bearak . Barry .
42. Web site: Stojanovic . Milica . Kosovo War Criminal Elected VP of Serbian Parliament . Genocide Watch.
43. Web site: Human Rights Watch . 2001 . UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo . HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH . One of the worst incidents in Pec took place on June 12 as Serbian and Yugoslav troops, as well as most of Pec's Serbian population, were preparing to leave Kosovo. In one house, armed forces believed to be members of the Munja militia group killed six members of one family, including children aged five, six, seven, twelve, and thirteen. Four people survived, one of them an eight-year-old boy who pretended he was dead. One man from the family was taken and later found dead..
44. Book: United Nations . Yearbook of the United Nations 1999 . 30 April 2011 . 22 February 2002 . United Nations Publications . 978-92-1-100856-2 . 367–.
45. Book: Review of International Affairs. 2000. Federation of Yugoslav Journalists. 76.
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