List of massacres in Azerbaijan explained

The following lists are of massacres that have occurred within the current boundaries of Azerbaijan (numbers may be approximate).

Before 1988

Name	Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Targeted group	Notes
Sack of Shamakhi	1721	18 August	Shamakhi	4,000–5,000	Shia inhabitants of Shamakhi	Shia inhabitants of the city (includes the city's officials) were killed by rebellious Sunni Lezgin tribesmen.
Battle of Ganja (1804)	1804	February	Ganja	1,500–3,000^[1]	Inhabitants of Ganja	Civilians were massacred during the capture of the city by the Russians; some of the captured soldiers were executed^[2]
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907	1905–1907	February	Baku Nakhchivan; Shusha; Tiflis	3,000–10,000	Armenians, Azerbaijanis
Shamkhor Massacre	1918	January	Şəmkir	1,000	armed Russian soldiers	Russian soldiers killed by Azerbaijani nationalists^[3] ^[4] ^[5]
March Days	1918	March 30 – April 2	Azerbaijan	12,000–25,000	Azerbaijanis	Azerbaijanis killed by Russian Bolsheviks^[6]	According to the statements of Azerbaijan representatives, "the Bolsheviks".^[7]
September Days	1918	September	Baku	10,000–15,000	Armenians	Armenians killed by the Army of Islam^[8] ^[9]
Khaibalikend Massacre	1919	June 5–7	Nagorno-Karabakh	600–700	Armenians	Armenians killed by armed ethnic Azerbaijani and Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers;^[10] Villages of Khaibalikend, Jamillu, Karkujahan and Pahliul were destroyed^[11] ^[12]
Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan	1919–1920	July–December	Nakhchivan	10,000^[13]	Armenians
Agulis Massacre	1919	December 24–25	Yuxarı Əylis	1,400^[14] ^[15]	Armenians	Early-20th-century anti-Armenian massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army accompanied by the Azerbaijani refugees from Zangezur which resulted in the destruction of the town of Agulis.^[16] ^[17]
Shusha pogrom	1920	March 22–26	Shusha	500–20,000^[18] ^[19]	Armenians	Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis
1920 Ganja Revolt	1920	June	Ganja	15,000	Azerbaijanis	Bolsheviks slaughtered civilians including women and children after the capture of rebel Ganja. Many women were raped and Koran were burnt.^[20] ^[21]

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The following is a list of massacres and pogroms, which took place in the course of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.

Name	Year	Date	Location	Deaths	Targeted group	Notes
Sumgait pogrom	1988	February 27 – March 1	Sumgait	32 (26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis)^[22]	Armenians	Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; 20 ambulances were destroyed,^[23] and reports detail widespread rape,^[24] mutilation, robberies and disemboweling of fetuses^[25] ^[26]
Kirovabad pogrom	1988	November	Kirovabad	130 Armenians	Armenians	Azeri-led pogrom directed against Armenian inhabitants of Kirovabad (now Ganja)
Baku Pogrom	1990	January 13	Baku	90	Armenians	Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; many incidents of rape, robbery and torture;^[27] 700 injured.^[28] ^[29]
Black January	1990	January 19–20	Baku, Azerbaijan	133–137	Peaceful protesters of the Azerbaijani national independence movement	Killed by Soviet troops; ambulance workers rushing to help the wounded and random passers-by, including women and children, among the dead
Operation Ring	1991	April 30 – May 15	Shahumyan Province	unknown	Armenians	number of casualties unknown, approximately 17,000 people displaced, gross human rights violations^[30]
Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli	1992	February 10–12	Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, Yukhari Gushchular villages of Shusha District	8 15–50	Azerbaijanis	Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian irregular armed units
Khojaly Massacre	1992	February 25–26	Khojaly, Azerbaijan	More than 200^[31] ^[32] 613^[33]	Azerbaijanis	Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian troops.
Maraga Massacre	1992	April 10	Maraga	40–100	Armenians	Armenians killed (many decapitated); corpses buried in a mass grave outside the village.^[34]

Sources

• Book: Atkin. Muriel. Russia and Iran, 1780–1828. 1980. University of Minnesota Press. 978-0-8166-5697-4.
• Book: Rudi Matthee

. Matthee. Rudi. Rudi Matthee. Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan. 2012. I.B.Tauris. 978-1-84511-745-0.

Notes and References

1. Peter Avery; William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (1991-10-25). The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 332. .
2. http://history.scps.ru/erivan/1804-ganza.htm THE SIEGE AND ASSAULT OF FORTRESS GANJA
3. The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917-1923 By Richard Pipes - p. 103
4. the Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 39 by Joseph L. Wieczynski - p. 170
5. [Wladimir S. Woytinsky]
6. Web site: Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory . Michael Smith . Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) . Sakharov Center . 21 August 2011. ru.
7. March 1920 . New Republics in the Caucasus . The New York Times Current History . 11 . 2 . 492 .
8. Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, p. 227.
9. [Human Rights Watch]
10. [Richard G. Hovannisian|Hovannisian, Richard]
11. Vratsian, Simon. Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն (The Republic of Armenia). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286-87.
12. Hovannisian. Republic of Armenia, Vol. I, p. 181.
13. Book: Hovannisian, Richard G. . The Republic of Armenia . University of California Press . 1982 . 0-520-04186-0 . 2 . Berkeley. 107.
14. Book: Turkism from Angora to Baku and Turkish Orientation. Shatan Nat’ali. 1928. Jan 1, 2002 . the University of Michigan. 84. B002H1PV5Y. Punik Pub.. 1,400 - massacre in Agulis in 1919.
15. Book: Hovannisian, Richard G.. Richard G. Hovannisian

    . Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. II: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. University of California Press. 1982. Berkeley. 0-520-04186-0. 207–238.

16. Book: Zok: The Armenian dialect of Agulis. Bert Vaux. In between Paris and Fresno: Armenian studies in honor of Dickran Kouymjian. 2008. city of Agulis, located in southeastern Nakhichevan. Following the massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army in 1919. 283–301.
17. News: Reading the novel Stone Dreams on the 100th anniversary of the "Great Catastrophe". Mikail Mamedov. Cambridge University Press. 20 November 2018. The novel also refers to the massacre committed by Turkish troops on Christmas of 1919 in the midst of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1923. At that time, Turkish commander Adif-bey ordered the mass execution of the Armenian population in the author's home village Aylis (Agulis in Armenian). Almost all Armenians were killed, with the exception of a few young girls who by the late 1980s had turned into gray-haired women..
18. Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920
19. Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War.
20. The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — p. 12.
21. 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — p. 4
22. Web site: The Nagorny Karabakh conflict: origins, dynamics and misperceptions. c-r.org. https://web.archive.org/web/20100705175440/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/nagorny-karabakh/origins-dynamics-misperceptions.php . 5 July 2010 . dead.
23. "Сумгаит, Один месяц поздно" ("Sumgait, One Month Later"). Moskovskiye Novosti. April 13, 1988.
24. Shahmuratian. Sumgait Tragedy, Interview with Levon Akopyan, p. 227.
25. Lee, Gary. "Eerie Silence Hangs Over Soviet City." Washington Post. September 4, 1988. p. A33. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
26. http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13529094.html Ein Volk, ein Land
27. https://www.un.org/esa/gopher-data/ga/cedaw/17/country/Armenia/C-ARM1C1.EN Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women
28. Europa World Year: Book 1 - p. 638, Taylor & Francis Group
29. Thomas de Waal: Black Garden - Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York University Press, 2003, p. 90
30. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (1994). Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch, p. 9.
31. Web site: Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 – The Former Soviet Union . Hrw.org . 28 April 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230025/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Hsw-07.htm . 18 February 2015 . dmy-all .
32. Book: Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.). Azerbaijan : Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. 1994. Human Rights Watch. Panico, Christopher., Rone, Jemera., Human Rights Watch (Organization). 1-56432-142-8. New York. 32207851.
33. September 2001. United Nations Security Council: Letter Dated 7 October 2001 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council. International Legal Materials. 40. 5. 1281. 10.1017/s0020782900020878. 232249484 . 0020-7829.
34. Cox, Caroline and John Eibner. Ethnic Cleansing in Progress: War in Nagorno Karabakh. Zurich and Washington D.C.: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, p. 58, 1993.