List of managers of defunct Major League Baseball teams explained
In Major League Baseball history, 65 teams have become defunct.[1] These teams played in five different Major Leagues - the extant National League and the now defunct American Association, Union Association, Players' League and Federal League. Thirteen men who managed now-defunct Major League Baseball teams have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: Ned Hanlon, John McGraw, Jim O'Rourke, Pud Galvin, Fred Clarke, George Wright, John Montgomery Ward, Harry Wright, Charles Comiskey, Buck Ewing, Joe Tinker, Bill McKechnie and Mordecai Brown. Hanlon managed the National League Baltimore Orioles to three league championships. Eleven other managers managed now defunct teams to a single league championship: Bill Watkins, George Wright and Frank Bancroft in the National League, Arthur Irwin, Jack Chapman, Jim Mutrie and Lon Knight in the American Association, Fred Dunlap in the Union Association, King Kelly in the Players' League and Joe Tinker and Bill Phillips in the Federal League.
Patsy Tebeau's 579 wins with the National League Cleveland Spiders is more than any other manager won with any single defunct Major League Baseball team. His 1040 games managed and 436 losses with the Spiders are the most of any manager of a single defunct National League team. Billy Barnie's 1050 games managed and 548 losses with the American Association Baltimore Orioles are the most of any manager with a single defunct Major League team, and his 470 wins are the most of any manager of a defunct American Association team. Dunlap has the most managerial wins for a Union Association team, and King Kelly has the most wins for a Players' League team. Tinker has the most wins for a Federal League manager, and Otto Knabe has the most losses.
Chapman and Bancroft each managed six different now defunct Major League Baseball teams. Chapman managed the National League Louisville Grays, Milwaukee Grays, Worcester Ruby Legs, Detroit Wolverines and Buffalo Bisons, and the Louisville Colonels in both the American Association and the National League. He managed the Colonels to the 1890 American Association championship, and to a tie with the National League champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1890 World Series. Bancroft managed the National League Worcester Ruby Legs, Detroit Wolverines, Cleveland Blues, Providence Grays and Indianapolis Hoosiers and the American Association Philadelphia Athletics. He managed the Providence Grays to the 1884 National League and World Series championships.[2]
Table key
| Name of team. For teams that played under more than one name, the name used in its final season is given. For team names that were used by multiple defunct franchises, the league(s) in which the team played is shown in parentheses. |
| League the team played in: NL: National League AA: American Association FL: Federal League UA: Union Association PL: Players' League |
| Number of regular season games managed; may not equal sum of wins and losses due to tie games |
| Number of regular season wins in games managed |
| Number of regular season losses in games managed |
| Winning percentage: number of wins divided by number of games managed |
| League Championships: number of League Championships, or pennants, achieved by the manager |
| World Series: number of World Series victories achieved by the manager |
| Elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame | |
Managers
National League
Team | League | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | LC | WS | Ref |
---|
| | | | 11 | 1 | 10 | .091 | | | [3] |
| | | | 8 | 2 | 6 | .250 | | | [4] |
| | † | – | 946 | 555 | 369 | .601 | | | [5] |
| | † | | 152 | 86 | 62 | .581 | | | [6] |
| | | | 79 | 46 | 32 | .590 | | | [7] |
| | | | 84 | 24 | 58 | .293 | | | [8] |
| | † | – | 380 | 206 | 169 | .549 | | | [9] |
| | † | | 24 | 7 | 17 | .292 | | | [10] |
| | | | 88 | 31 | 57 | .352 | | | |
| | | | 65 | 9 | 56 | .138 | | | [11] |
| | | | 14 | 3 | 11 | .214 | | | [12] |
| | | | 24 | 5 | 19 | .208 | | | [13] |
| | | | 20 | 7 | 12 | .368 | | | [14] |
| | | , | 124 | 71 | 51 | .582 | | | [15] |
| | | | 18 | 9 | 9 | .500 | | | [16] |
| | | | 82 | 21 | 59 | .263 | | | |
| | | –, | 171 | 74 | 96 | .435 | | | [17] |
| | | | 11 | 4 | 7 | .364 | | | |
| | | | 74 | 32 | 41 | .438 | | | |
| | | | 80 | 42 | 36 | .538 | | | [18] |
| | | | 100 | 55 | 42 | .567 | | | |
| | | | 113 | 35 | 77 | .313 | | | [19] |
| | | | 136 | 61 | 72 | .459 | | | [20] |
| | | | 78 | 21 | 55 | .276 | | | [21] |
| | | – | 126 | 57 | 67 | .460 | | | |
| | | – | 1040 | 579 | 436 | .570 | | | [22] |
| | | | 38 | 8 | 30 | .211 | | | [23] |
| | | | 116 | 12 | 104 | .103 | | | [24] |
| | | – | 170 | 83 | 84 | .497 | | | [25] |
| | | – | 215 | 68 | 142 | .324 | | | [26] |
| | | | 38 | 7 | 31 | .184 | | | [27] |
| | | – | 417 | 249 | 161 | .607 | | | [28] [29] |
| | | | 40 | 19 | 19 | .500 | | | [30] |
| | | – | 129 | 78 | 48 | .619 | | | [31] |
| | | | 63 | 24 | 36 | .600 | | | |
| | | | 28 | 6 | 22 | .214 | | | [32] |
| | | | 29 | 11 | 18 | .379 | | | [33] |
| | | | 70 | 20 | 49 | .290 | | | [34] |
| | | | 136 | 50 | 85 | .370 | | | [35] |
| | | | 68 | 25 | 43 | .368 | | | |
| | | | 67 | 34 | 32 | .515 | | | [36] |
| | | | 126 | 30 | 91 | .248 | | | [37] |
| | | | 54 | 21 | 33 | .389 | | | [38] [39] |
| | | | 100 | 42 | 56 | .429 | | | [40] |
| | | – | 257 | 86 | 169 | .337 | | | |
| | | – | 152 | 37 | 113 | .247 | | | [41] |
| | | | 115 | 36 | 76 | .321 | | | [42] |
| | | | 44 | 17 | 24 | .415 | | | [43] |
| | † | – | 402 | 180 | 212 | .459 | | | [44] |
| | | – | 130 | 65 | 61 | .516 | | | |
| | | | 61 | 15 | 45 | .250 | | | |
| | | | 57 | 21 | 35 | .375 | | | [45] |
| | | | 60 | 14 | 45 | .237 | | | [46] |
| | | , | 96 | 56 | 37 | .602 | | | [47] |
| | † | | 85 | 59 | 25 | .702 | | | [48] |
| | | | 16 | 8 | 7 | .533 | | | [49] |
| | † | | 32 | 18 | 13 | .581 | | | [50] |
| | | | 39 | 26 | 12 | .684 | | | [51] |
| | | | 51 | 24 | 27 | .471 | | | [52] |
| | † | – | 182 | 110 | 72 | .604 | | | [53] |
| | | – | 224 | 137 | 85 | .617 | | | [54] |
| | | | 56 | 39 | 17 | .696 | | | [55] |
| | | – | 68 | 34 | 34 | .500 | | | [56] |
| | | | 72 | 30 | 40 | .429 | | | |
| | | | 39 | 6 | 32 | .158 | | | [57] |
| | | | 126 | 43 | 79 | .352 | | | |
| | | | 43 | 17 | 26 | .395 | | | |
| | | | 1 | 0 | 1 | .000 | | | [58] |
| | | | 27 | 5 | 21 | .192 | | | [59] |
| | | | 47 | 12 | 34 | .261 | | | |
| | | – | 283 | 122 | 157 | .437 | | | |
| | | | 82 | 13 | 67 | .163 | | | [60] |
| | | – | 169 | 61 | 101 | .377 | | | [61] |
| | | | 40 | 10 | 29 | .256 | | | [62] |
| | | | 96 | 38 | 57 | .400 | | | |
| | | | 51 | 13 | 38 | .255 | | | [63] |
| | | | 76 | 28 | 45 | .384 | | | |
| | | | 2 | 0 | 2 | .000 | | | |
| | | , – | 203 | 110 | 177 | .393 | | | |
| | | | 43 | 12 | 31 | .279 | | | [64] |
| | † | | 130 | 40 | 89 | .310 | | | |
| | | – | 434 | 155 | 270 | .365 | | | |
| | | – | 137 | 64 | 72 | .471 | | | [65] |
| | | | 17 | 8 | 9 | .471 | | | [66] |
| | | | 70 | 21 | 47 | .309 | | | [67] |
| | | | 85 | 40 | 43 | .482 | | | |
| | | | 56 | 24 | 32 | .429 | | | |
| | | | 27 | 8 | 18 | .308 | | | |
| | | | 41 | 9 | 32 | .220 | | | [68] |
| | | | 6 | 2 | 4 | .333 | | | [69] |
| | | | 37 | 7 | 30 | .189 | | | |
|
American Association
Team | League | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | LC | WS | Ref |
---|
| | | | 74 | 19 | 54 | .260 | | | [70] |
| | | – | 1050 | 470 | 548 | .462 | | | [71] |
| | | | 139 | 93 | 42 | .689 | | | [72] |
| | | | 100 | 26 | 73 | .263 | | | [73] |
| | | | 102 | 43 | 57 | .430 | | | |
| | | – | 197 | 59 | 136 | .303 | | | [74] |
| | | | 71 | 30 | 38 | .441 | | | |
| | | | 97 | 32 | 65 | .330 | | | [75] |
| | | | 110 | 69 | 39 | .639 | | | [76] |
| | | – | 220 | 99 | 119 | .454 | | | [77] |
| | | , | 195 | 99 | 89 | .527 | | | |
| | | | 3 | 2 | 1 | .667 | | | [78] |
| | | | 87 | 25 | 60 | .294 | | | |
| | | | 23 | 4 | 18 | .182 | | | |
| | | | 50 | 14 | 36 | .280 | | | |
| | | | 58 | 21 | 36 | .368 | | | [79] |
| | | – | 164 | 63 | 99 | .389 | | | |
| | | | 80 | 42 | 38 | .525 | | | [80] |
| | | | 98 | 52 | 45 | .536 | | | [81] |
| | | | 110 | 68 | 40 | .630 | | | [82] |
| | | – | 250 | 119 | 129 | .480 | | | [83] |
| | | – | 178 | 86 | 89 | .491 | | | [84] [85] [86] |
| | | | 93 | 35 | 54 | .393 | | | [87] |
| | | | 7 | 3 | 4 | .429 | | | [88] |
| | | | 10 | 2 | 8 | .200 | | | [89] |
| | | | 65 | 14 | 51 | .215 | | | [90] |
| | | | 58 | 10 | 46 | .179 | | | [91] |
| | | – | 282 | 143 | 133 | .518 | | | |
| | | | 36 | 21 | 15 | .583 | | | [92] |
| | | – | 209 | 129 | 74 | .635 | | | [93] |
| | | – | 125 | 42 | 76 | .392 | | | [94] |
| | | – | 150 | 54 | 94 | .365 | | | |
| | | | 8 | 3 | 5 | .375 | | | [95] |
| | | | 100 | 35 | 60 | .368 | | | [96] |
| | | | 75 | 41 | 34 | .547 | | | [97] |
| | | – | 207 | 127 | 78 | .620 | | | [98] |
| | | | 113 | 55 | 57 | .491 | | | [99] |
| | | | 98 | 41 | 55 | .427 | | | [100] |
| | | , – | 448 | 232 | 205 | .531 | | | [101] |
| | | | 55 | 26 | 29 | .473 | | | |
| | | | 82 | 38 | 40 | .487 | | | [102] |
| | | | 18 | 6 | 11 | .353 | | | [103] |
| | | | 125 | 67 | 55 | .549 | | | |
| | | | 46 | 12 | 30 | .286 | | | [104] |
| | | | 133 | 63 | 63 | .500 | | | [105] |
| | | | 117 | 51 | 65 | .440 | | | [106] |
| | | | 11 | 4 | 11 | .364 | | | [107] |
| | | | 110 | 46 | 58 | .442 | | | |
| | | | 134 | 68 | 64 | .515 | | | |
| | | | 62 | 12 | 50 | .194 | | | [108] |
| | | | 1 | 0 | 1 | .000 | | | [109] |
| | | | 12 | 4 | 7 | .364 | | | [110] |
| | | | 70 | 23 | 46 | .333 | | | [111] |
| | | | 51 | 15 | 34 | .306 | | | |
| | | | 6 | 2 | 4 | .333 | | | [112] |
|
Union Association
Team | League | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | LC | WS | Ref |
---|
| | | | 25 | 6 | 19 | .240 | | | [113] |
| | | | 106 | 58 | 47 | .552 | | | [114] |
| | | | 111 | 58 | 51 | .628 | | | [115] |
| | | | 74 | 34 | 39 | .466 | | | [116] |
| | | | 6 | 1 | 5 | .167 | | | [117] |
| | | | 13 | 6 | 6 | .500 | | | [118] |
| | | | 35 | 20 | 15 | .571 | | | [119] |
| | | | 70 | 49 | 21 | .700 | | | |
| | | | 4 | 0 | 4 | .000 | | | [120] |
| | | | 16 | 3 | 13 | .000 | | | [121] |
| | | | 62 | 13 | 46 | .220 | | | [122] |
| | | | 12 | 8 | 4 | .667 | | | |
| | | | 67 | 21 | 46 | .313 | | | [123] |
| | | | 31 | 28 | 3 | .903 | | | |
| | | | 83 | 66 | 16 | .805 | | | |
| | | | 9 | 2 | 6 | .250 | | | [124] |
| | | | 114 | 47 | 65 | .420 | | | |
| | | | 18 | 2 | 16 | .111 | | | [125] |
|
Players' League
Team | League | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | LC | WS | Ref |
---|
| | | | 133 | 81 | 48 | .628 | | | [126] |
| | † | | 133 | 76 | 56 | .576 | | | |
| | | | 100 | 27 | 72 | .273 | | | [127] |
| | | | 34 | 9 | 24 | .273 | | | [128] |
| | † | | 138 | 75 | 62 | .547 | | | [129] |
| | | | 79 | 34 | 45 | .430 | | | [130] |
| | | | 52 | 21 | 30 | .412 | | | |
| | † | | 132 | 74 | 57 | .565 | | | [131] |
| | | | 16 | 7 | 9 | .438 | | | [132] |
| | | | 116 | 61 | 54 | .530 | | | [133] |
| | † | | 131 | 60 | 68 | .469 | | | |
|
Federal League
Team | League | Manager | Seasons | G | W | L | WPct | LC | WS | Ref |
---|
| | | – | 315 | 131 | 177 | .425 | | | [134] |
| | | | 157 | 77 | 77 | .500 | | | [135] |
| | | | 118 | 53 | 64 | .453 | | | [136] |
| | | | 35 | 17 | 18 | .486 | | | [137] |
| | | – | 197 | 93 | 99 | .484 | | | [138] |
| | | | 2 | 1 | 1 | .500 | | | [139] |
| | | | 110 | 60 | 49 | .550 | | | [140] |
| | † | – | 314 | 173 | 133 | .564 | | | [141] |
| | | – | 307 | 148 | 156 | .487 | | | [142] |
| | | – | 210 | 114 | 92 | .553 | | | [143] |
| | † | | 102 | 54 | 45 | .545 | | | [144] |
| | | | 11 | 3 | 11 | .273 | | | [145] |
| | | – | 299 | 147 | 145 | .503 | | | [146] |
| | † | | 114 | 50 | 63 | .442 | | | [147] |
| | | – | 199 | 99 | 93 | .516 | | | [148] |
|
Footnotes
- Team played as the Buffalo Buffeds in 1914.[149]
- Team played as the Chicago Chi-Feds in 1914.[150]
- Team played as the Cleveland Blues during its time in the American Association in 1887 and 1888.[151]
- Team played as the Louisville Eclipse from 1882 through 1884.[152]
- Team played as the Indianapolis Hoosiers in 1914.[153]
- Team played as the Washington Statesmen during its time in the American Association in 1891.[154]
- Ted Sullivan was the Union Association pennant winning Maroons' first manager in 1884, but was replaced by Fred Dunlap after leading the Maroons to 28 wins and 3 losses. Since Dunlap finished the season as the Maroons' manager, he is shown as having won the league championship as manager that season.[155]
- Fred Dunlap managed the St. Louis Maroons in both the Union Association and the National League. His combined record for the Maroons was 155 games managed with 96 wins and 56 losses for a winning percentage of .632. He led the Maroons to one league championship, in the Union Association in 1884.[18]
- Tom Loftus managed the Cleveland Spiders (known as the Cleveland Blues in 1888) in both the American Association and the National League. His combined record for the Blues/Spiders was 207 games managed with 91 wins and 110 losses for a winning percentage of .453.[20]
- Jack Chapman managed the Louisville Colonels in both the American Association and the National League. His combined record for the Colonels was 336 games managed with 164 wins and 166 losses for a winning percentage of .497. He led the Colonels to one league championship, in the American Association in 1890. The Colonels played to a tie against the National League champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms in the 1890 World Series.[38] [39]
Notes and References
- Web site: Complete Baseball Team and Baseball Team Encyclopedias . Baseball-Reference.com. 2010-12-28.
- Web site: 1884 Providence Grays. Baseball-Reference.com. 2010-12-28.
- Web site: George Van Haltren Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: John Waltz Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: Ned Hanlon Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: John McGraw Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: John Clapp Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Sam Crane Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jim O'Rourke Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Pud Galvin Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Charlie Gould Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Lip Pike Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Bob Addy Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Jack Manning Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Cal McVey Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Deacon White Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Jim McCormick Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Fred Dunlap Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Charlie Hackett Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Tom Loftus Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Gus Schmelz Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Patsy Tebeau Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Lave Cross Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Joe Quinn Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Frank Bancroft Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: Jack Chapman Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: Charlie Morton Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: Bill Watkins Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: 1887 World Series. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: Robert Leadley Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-11.
- Web site: Bob Ferguson Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Watch Burnham Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Fred Thomas Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Horace Fogel Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Harry Spence Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Jack Glasscock Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Dave Rowe Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Jack Chapman – Retrosheet. Retrosheet. 2010-01-16.
- Web site: 1890 World Series. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Fred Pfeffer. Retrosheet. 2009-10-23.
- Web site: John McCloskey Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Bill McGunnigle Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Jim Rogers Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Fred Clarke Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Bill Cammeyer Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Al Wright Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Tom York Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: George Wright Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: Mike McGeary Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: John Ward Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: Mike Dorgan Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: Jack Farrell Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: Harry Wright Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: 1884 World Series. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-19.
- Web site: Mase Graffen Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: George McManus Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Alex McKinnon Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Bill Holbert Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Jimmy Macullar Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Mike Scanlon Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: John Gaffney Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: Walter Hewett Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: John Morrill Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: Danny Richardson Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Tom Brown Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Jack Doyle Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Deacon McGuire Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Freeman Brown Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-11.
- Web site: Tommy Bond Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-11.
- Web site: Henry Myers Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: Billy Barnie Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-08-02.
- Web site: Arthur Irwin Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jim Kennedy Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jimmy Williams Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Horace Phillips Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Gus Schmelz Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Al Buckenberger Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Pat Sullivan Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Sam Barkley Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Denny Mack Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Joe Gerhardt Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Mike Walsh Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Jim Hart Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Honest John Kelly He Was One of a Kind. Smith, J.D. 7 - 9. The Baseball Research Journal. PDF. The Society for American Baseball Research. 14. 2009-10-22.
- Web site: Kick Kelly. Retrosheet. 2009-10-22.
- Book: The Irish in Baseball: An Early History. Fleitz, D.L.. 113. McFarland. 2009. 978-0-7864-3419-0.
- Web site: Mordecai Davidson Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: John Kerins Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Dude Esterbrook Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Jimmy Wolf Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Dan Shannon Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-07-26.
- Web site: Charlie Cushman Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Jim Mutrie Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-10-26.
- Web site: Jim Gifford Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-10-26.
- Web site: Dave Orr Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-10-26.
- Web site: O. P. Caylor Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-10-26.
- Web site: Juice Latham Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Lon Knight Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Harry Stovey Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Lew Simmons Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Bill Sharsig Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Charlie Mason Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: George Wood Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Felix Moses Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Pat Powers Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: George Frazer Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Wallace Fessenden Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Holly Hollingshead Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: John Bickerton Managerial Record. Retrosheet. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: Sam Trott Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Pop Snyder Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Sandy Griffin Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-12.
- Web site: Ed Curtis Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Bill Henderson Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Tim Murnane Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Ed Hengle Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Joe Battin Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Joe Ellick Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Dan O'Leary Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Harry Wheeler Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Matthew Porter Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Ted Sullivan Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Fergy Malone Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-03.
- Web site: A.M. Thompson Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Joe Simmons Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-06.
- Web site: King Kelly Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jack Rowe Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jay Faatz Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Charles Comiskey Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Henry Larkin Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-29.
- Web site: Buck Ewing Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Jim Fogarty Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Charlie Buffinton Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Otto Knabe Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Bill Bradley Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Lee Magee Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: John Ganzel Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Larry Schlafly Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Walter Blair Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Harry Lord Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: Joe Tinker Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-11-28.
- Web site: George Stovall Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Bill Phillips Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Bill McKechnie Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-01.
- Web site: Doc Gessler Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Rebel Oakes Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-04.
- Web site: Mordecai Brown Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Fielder Jones Managerial Record. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-05.
- Web site: Buffalo Bisons Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: Chicago Whales Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: Cleveland Spiders Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: Louisville Colonels Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: Newark Pepper Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: Washington Senators Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.
- Web site: St. Louis Marooons Team History & Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference.com. 2009-12-19.