List of man-made disasters in the Philippines explained

This is a list of man-made disasters in the Philippines. This includes only acts that were not deliberately perpetrated and involved significant damage or loss of life.

Air disasters

See also: List of Philippine Airlines accidents and incidents and List of accidents and incidents involving Philippine Air Force aircraft.

• 18 May 1947 – Lili Marlene, a Douglas C-47 Skytrain crashed in Mount Makaturing near Dansalan, Lanao, killing Col. Edwin Andrews, head of the Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC, later the Philippine Air Force) and 17 others on board, including government officials.^{[1] [2]}
• 17 March 1957 – 1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash. A C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft flying from Cebu to Manila crashed on the slopes of Mount Manunggal in Balamban, Cebu. The crash killed 25 of the aircraft's 26 occupants, including President Ramon Magsaysay. Several government officials, military officers, and journalists also died. The sole survivor was a reporter for the Philippine Herald, Nestor Mata.^[3]
• 23 November 1960 – Philippine Air Lines Flight S26. A Douglas DC-3 flying from Mandurriao Airport in Iloilo to Manila International Airport crashed into Mount Baco in Mindoro, killing all 33 on board.^[4]
• 12 September 1969 – Philippine Air Lines Flight 158. A BAC One-Eleven flying from Mactan–Cebu International Airport to Manila, struck a mango tree on a hill in Antipolo while on final approach. Of the 42 passengers and five crew members on board, only one passenger and one flight attendant survived.^[5]
• 21 April 1970 – Philippine Airlines Flight 215. A Hawker Siddeley HS-748-209 Srs. 2 flying from Cauayan Airport to Manila crashed near Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija after an explosion in the lavatory, killing all 36 on board.
• 21 October 1977 – A US Marine Corps helicopter crashed during a military exercise in Mindoro, killing 24 servicemen.^[6]
• 26 February 1981 – A US Air Force C-130 plane crashed into the South China Sea, near Subic Bay Naval Base, killing 23 of 24 American, Philippine, Australian, and New Zealand military personnel aboard.^[7]
• 26 June 1987 – Philippine Airlines Flight 206. A Hawker Siddeley HS 748 flying from Manila to Loakan Airport, Baguio crashed into Mount Ugu, located between Itogon, Benguet and Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya, killing all 50 people on board.^[8]
• 19 December 1987 – Philippine Airlines Flight 443. All 15 people aboard a Short 360-300 flying from Cebu to Iligan-Maria Cristina Airport died when it crashed into Mount Gurain in Balindong, Lanao del Sur.^[9]
• 11 May 1990 – Philippine Airlines Flight 143. A Boeing 737–300 flying from Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) to Iloilo City suffered an explosion in the central fuel tank and was consumed by fire in four minutes.^[10] 8 people on board died.
• 18 May 1990 – Aerolift Philippines Flight 075. A Beechcraft 1900 flying from NAIA to Surigao Airport crashed just after takeoff, killing all 19 passengers and 2 crew, as well as a family of four on the ground.^[11]
• 27 October 1993 – A Beechcraft 1900 flying from NAIA to Virac Airport crashed in Mauban, Quezon, killing all five on board.^[12]
• 4 February 1994 – A Grumman American AA-5 flying from Awang Airport to Lebak, Sultan Kudarat crashed off the coast of Cotabato City, killing all six on board.^[13]
• 26 July 1994 – A Piper PA-23 flying from Palanan Airport to Cauayan Airport crashed into Mount Divilacan, killing all four on board.^[14]
• 2 February 1998 – Cebu Pacific Flight 387. A McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 flying from NAIA to Lumbia Airport in Cagayan de Oro crashed on the slopes of Mount Sumagaya in Gingoog, Misamis Oriental. The incident resulted in the deaths of all 104 passengers and crew on board.^[15]
• 22 March 1998 – Philippine Airlines Flight 137. An Airbus A320-214 overshot the runway while landing at Bacolod City Domestic Airport. There were no fatalities among the crew and passengers, but three people died on the ground as the plane plowed through a residential area.^[16]
• 7 December 1999 – Asian Spirit Flight 100. A Let L-410 Turbolet flying from NAIA to Cauayan, Isabela crashed into a mountain between Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya and Cabarroguis, Quirino. All fifteen passengers and two crew died.^[17]
• 19 April 2000 – Air Philippines Flight 541. A Boeing 737-2H4 flying from NAIA to Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City crashed in Samal, Davao del Norte while on final approach, killing all 124 passengers and 7 crew members.^[18]
• 11 November 2002 – Laoag International Airlines Flight 585. A Fokker F-27 Friendship flying from NAIA to Basco, Batanes crashed into Manila Bay shortly after takeoff.^[19] Of the 34 passengers and crew on board, 19 died.^[20]
• 2 April 2009 – A light passenger plane crashed into the Sierra Madre Mountains in Baggao, Cagayan, killing all seven on board. The wreckage was found on April 14.^[21]
• 17 May 2010 – A Robinson R44 helicopter carrying Quezon Province Governor Rafael Nantes crashed into a residential area of Lucena, Quezon, killing all four people on board and two people on the ground.^[22]
• 10 December 2011 – 2011 Manila Beechcraft Queen Air crash. A twin-engine Beechcraft Queen Air light aircraft crashed into a slum and burst into flames in Parañaque, killing all three people on board and eleven on the ground. Twenty more people on the ground were injured.^[23]
• 18 August 2012 – 2012 Philippines Piper Seneca crash. A Piper PA-34 Seneca light aircraft with four people on board, including Interior Secretary Jesse Robredo, crashed in the sea near Masbate, while flying from Lapu-Lapu City to Naga, Camarines Sur. Robredo and two other occupants were killed in the accident.^[24]
• 17 March 2018 – 2018 Philippines Piper PA-23 crash. A Piper PA-23 Apache crashed into a residential area in Plaridel, Bulacan, killing all five people (three passengers and two pilots) on board and five others on the ground.^{[25] [26]}
• 1 September 2019 – 2019 Philippines Beechcraft King Air crash. A Beechcraft King Air 350 crashed into a resort in Calamba, Laguna, while on a medevac flight from Dipolog to Manila.^[27] All nine occupants aboard were killed.^[28]
• 4 July 2021 – 2021 Philippine Air Force C-130 crash. A Lockheed C-130 Hercules of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) crashed after an attempted landing at Jolo Airport in Sulu. 53 died, of which 50 people were on the aircraft and 3 on the ground.^[29]
• 24 January 2023 – A Cessna 206 crashed into the Sierra Madre Mountains in Divilacan, Isabela, killing all six on board. The wreckage was found on March 9.^[30]

Maritime disasters

See main article: List of maritime disasters in the Philippines.

Traffic collisions and land transportation disasters

• 2 September 1954 – Fabrica train crash. A timber train carrying more than 100 passengers derailed and multiple wagons fell off a bridge in the village of Fabrica in Sagay, Negros Occidental. At least 82 people were killed.
• 6 January 1967 – 1967 Cavite bus crash. Two Catholic pilgrimage buses plunged off a cliff near a reinforced timber bridge in Indang after colliding with each other on a mountainous road, killing more than 80 people.
• 6 June 1969 – A bus navigating a sharp descending curve on a narrow mountain road near Baler, Quezon, plunged into a ravine and burst into flames. 40 people were killed and 32 were injured.^[31]
• 30 April 1976 – At least 28 persons were killed in a bus crash near Manila.^[32]
• 5 September 1977 – Sixteen persons were killed and 24 others were injured when two speeding trucks crashed into a bus.^[33]
• 20 December 1979 – A bus plunged into a river in Isabela, killing at least 50 people.^[34]
• 23 May 1986 – A bus fell off a cliff and exploded in Hamtic, Antique, killing 23 people and injuring 15.^[35]
• 3 January 1995 – An overloaded bus missed a bridge and fell off a ravine in Echague, Isabela, killing at least 31 people and injuring 36.^[36]
• 22 September 1997 – A Philippine National Railways train going from Calamba, Laguna and Carmona, Cavite to Caloocan saw three of its cars break away and collide with another train behind it in Barangay Buli, Muntinlupa, killing 11 passengers and injuring more than 200 others.^[37]
• 5 October 1997 – A cargo truck collided into a mini-bus in Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte, killing 25 people.^[38]
• 21 January 1999 – A bus fell into a ravine after overshooting a sharp curve on Naguilian Road in Sablan, Benguet, killing 22 people.^{[39] [40]}
• 31 October 1999 – An overloaded jeepney plunged into a ravine in Itogon, Benguet, killing 21 passengers out of 34 people on board.^[41]
• 4 November 1999 – A bus fell into a ravine in Atok, Benguet, killing 19 people.^[42]
• 25 December 2000 – A speeding bus was rear-ended and driven off a 13-meter embankment by another bus in Bansalan, Davao del Sur, killing 38.^[43]
• 19 March 2001 – A speeding diesel tanker crashed into five vehicles before bursting into flames in Parañaque, killing 14 and injuring three.^[44]
• 19 March 2001 – A cargo truck collided with a bus along the North Luzon Expressway in Bocaue, Bulacan, killing 12 and injuring 12.
• 26 October 2001 – A bus hit a house crowded with mourners in Buenavista, Agusan del Norte, killing 21 and injuring six.^[45]
• 2 February 2002 – A bus plunged off a ravine in Bokod, Benguet, killing 12 passengers and injuring several others.^[46]
• 26 April 2002 – A collision between a jeepney and a bus in Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya killed 11 and injured six.^[47]
• 10 August 2002 – A van smashed into a speeding 10-wheeler cargo truck in Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte, killing 11 and injuring two.^[48]
• 24 November 2002 – A bus fell 30–40 feet into a creek in Tagkawayan, Quezon, killing 33 and injuring six.^[49]
• 27 April 2003 – A jeep smashed into an oncoming bus on a mountain road in Tagkawayan, Quezon causing the bus to plunge into a ravine, killing 11 people and injuring 31.^[50]
• 22 September 2003 – A bus collided with another bus and a van before plunging into a ravine in Gattaran, Cagayan, killing 14.^[51]
• 27 September 2003 – A minibus ploughed into a waiting shed in Mariveles, Bataan killing 14.^[52]
• 15 November 2003 – A jeepney rammed a stalled truck in Silay, Negros Occidental, killing 15.^[53]
• 31 January 2004 – Two buses collided in Botolan, Zambales, killing 10.^[54]
• 2 April 2005 – A bus collided with a jeepney in San Fabian, Pangasinan, killing 18.^[55]
• 22 May 2005 – A bus slammed into a roadside boulder in Tuba, Benguet, killing 27.^[56]
• 11 May 2006 – A van collided with a bus in Panabo, Davao del Norte, killing 11.^[57]
• 28 October 2006 – A dump truck lost its brakes while maneuvering a downhill curve, causing it to smash into several vehicles before plowing through villagers celebrating a religious feast in Makilala, Cotabato, killing 18.^[58]
• 2 February 2007 – A burning chemical truck exploded just as a bus was passing beside it in Tigbao, Zamboanga del Sur, killing over 50.^[59]
• 22 July 2007 – A truck collided with a motorcycle in Calbayog, Samar, killing 13 and injuring 30.^[60]
• 29 January 2008 – A packed van collided head-on with a truck loaded with cement bags on a narrow highway in Carmen, Cotabato, killing 14 and injuring 20.^[61]
• 29 July 2008 – Two buses collided head-on in Pamplona, Camarines Sur, killing 13 people and injuring 30 others.^[62]
• 27 August 2008 – A van carrying South Korean tourists crashed into a concrete wall in Bolinao, Pangasinan, killing ten passengers.^[63]
• 28 March 2009 – A bus collided with a 10-wheeler hauler truck in Naga, Cebu, killing 14.^[64]
• 8 October 2009 – A multicab and a truck collided in Nabunturan, Compostela Valley, killing 11 and injuring seven.^[65]
• 28 October 2009 – A bus fell into an 80-foot ravine after colliding with two other vehicles on a bridge in Cauayan, Isabela, killing ten and injuring 21.^[66]
• 15 February 2010 – A 30-seater jeepney and a trailer truck collided in Piat, Cagayan, killing 14 and injuring 13.^[67]
• 7 March 2010 – A bus lost its brakes before slamming into a tree in Pugo, La Union, killing 12.^[68]
• 13 June 2010 – 2010 Balamban, Cebu bus accident. 21 passengers, most of them Iranian students, died when their bus fell off a 30-foot ravine.^[69]
• 3 July 2010 – A bus lost its brakes and rammed a concrete wall in Toledo, Cebu, killing 15.^[70]
• 18 August 2010 – A bus lost its brakes before falling into a ravine in Sablan, Benguet, killing 41.^[71]
• 1 December 2011 – A van slammed into a parked cargo truck in Malungon, Sarangani, killing 13 and injuring five.^[72]
• 13 May 2012 – A jeepney plunged into a ravine in Bontoc, Mountain Province, killing 11.^[73]
• 21 July 2012 – A dump truck lost its brakes and fell sideways near Caibiran, Biliran, killing 14 and injuring 10.^[74]
• 2 October 2012 – A 14-wheeler truck rammed a jeep in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, killing 13.^[75]
• 19 October 2013 – 2013 Atimonan road crash. Three buses and four trucks collided in Quezon; 20 were killed and 54 injured.^[76]
• 16 December 2013 – 2013 Metro Manila Skyway bus accident. A bus fell off the Metro Manila Skyway in Parañaque, killing 18 and injuring 20.^[77]
• 7 February 2014 – 2014 Mountain Province bus accident. 17 passengers killed when their bus fell off a 150-meter ravine in Bontoc.^[78]
• 20 February 2017 – 2017 Tanay bus accident. A tourist bus carrying more than 50 passengers lost control and hit an power pole in Tanay, Rizal, killing 15 people and injuring 40.^[79]
• 18 April 2017 – 2017 Nueva Ecija bus accident. A 45-seater bus carrying 77 passengers fell into a ravine in Carranglan, killing 31 and injuring 46.^[80]
• 25 December 2017 – 20 passengers were killed after their jeep collided with a bus in Agoo, La Union.^[81]
• 20 March 2018 – 19 passengers died after a bus careened off a winding dirt road and fell into a ravine in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro.^[82]
• 21 May 2019 – 10 persons died while 20 others were injured after a jeep rolled over in Libon, Albay.^[83]
• 8 June 2019 – 13 persons died while 41 others were injured a jeep fell into a ravine in San Fernando, Camarines Sur.^[84]
• 17 September 2019 – A truck fell down a ravine in T'Boli, South Cotabato, killing 20 people and injuring 12.^[85]
• 31 October 2019 – 19 people were killed and 21 others were injured after a truck they rented fell into a ravine in Conner, Apayao.^[86]
• 12 January 2022 – At least 11 people were killed after a small truck packed with partygoers, including children, overturned in Balingasag, Misamis Oriental.^[87]
• 4 August 2022 – 10 died in a collision involving a ten-wheeler hauler truck, a van fully loaded with passengers, and a pick-up truck in General Santos.^[88]
• 5 December 2023 – A bus fell into a ravine in Hamtic, Antique, killing 18 passengers and injuring ten.^[89]
• 21 February 2024 – A truck loaded with passengers fell into a ravine in Mabinay, Negros Oriental, killing 15 people and injuring two.^[90]
• 25 March 2024 – A van collided with a truck and caught fire in Antipas, Cotabato, killing 17 people and injuring four.^[91]
• 10 July 2024 – A bus collided with a pickup truck in Abulug, Cagayan, killing at least 11 people and injuring five others.^[92]

Fires and explosions

• 23 May 1957 – A massive fire in Iligan killed two people, destroyed 165 buildings, and displaced 25,000 residents.^[93]
• 19 May 1961 – A massive fire in Divisoria, Manila caused damages of up to P150 million and displaced 1,500 families.^[94]
• 7 February 1966 – 1966 Iloilo City fire. A massive fire destroyed nearly three quarters of the central business district of Iloilo City.^[95]
• 22 January 1971 – 13 people were killed in a fire that gutted the terminal of the Manila International Airport.^[96]
• 22 January 1975 – 51 people were killed after a fire swept through a factory in a commercial building in Marikina, Rizal.^{[97] [98]}
• 14 November 1977 –45 people were killed in a fire that broke out at the Filipinas Hotel in Manila.^[99]
• 16 December 1977 – 32 patients were killed by a fire in the National Mental Hospital in Mandaluyong.^[100]
• 3 January 1978 – 11 worshipers died after a fire broke out in a Buddhist temple in Manila.^[101]
• 9 July 1978 – At least 11 persons were killed after a fire broke out in a theater complex in Manila.^[102]
• 29 March 1979 – A fire in a discothèque and massage parlor in Manila killed 15 people.^[103]
• 6 February 1983 – Fifteen workers died in a coal mine explosion in Danao, Cebu caused by a cigarette.^{[104] [105] [106] [107]}
• 25 October 1984 – An arson attack on the Pines Hotel in Baguio killed 25 people, including eight Americans.^[108]
• 13 February 1985 – A suspected arson attack at the Regent of Manila Hotel by the escaped suspect in the Pines Hotel fire killed 27 people.^[109]
• 29 August 1994 – 119 people were killed in an explosion at a coal mine operated by the Philippine National Oil Company in Malangas, Zamboanga del Sur.^{[110] [111]}
• 18 March 1996 – Ozone Disco fire. 162 people, mostly students celebrating the end of the academic term, died in a nightclub fire in Quezon City.^[112]
• 26 April 1997 – A fire caused by arson gutted the Imperial Hotel in Cotabato City, killing 24 people and injuring 12.^[113]
• 16 May 1998 – A fire gutted the Lung Center of the Philippines and the adjacent National Kidney and Transplant Institute in Quezon City, killing 22 patients in the first hospital.^{[114] [115]}
• 3 December 1998 – A fire devastated the Bahay Kalinga orphanage, run by women's organization Asociacion de Damas de Filipinas Inc., in Paco, Manila, with at least 30 people confirmed dead, mostly children who admitted there.^{[116] [117] [118]}
• 28 February 2000 – An explosion at a gold mine at Mount Diwata in Monkayo, Compostela Valley killed 11 miners.^[119]
• 18 August 2001 – Manor Hotel fire. 74 people died in a hotel fire in Quezon City.^[120]
• 26 October 2005 – An explosion occurred inside a gold mine tunnel in Mount Diwata, killing at least 32 people, with five others missing and feared dead.^[121]
• 19 October 2007 - 2007 Glorietta explosion. 11 people died and hundreds more injured after an explosion inside the Glorietta shopping complex at Ayala Center in Makati. Police claimed it was caused by a gas explosion, through suspicions linger on whether it was a bomb attack.
• 19 December 2010 - A fire at a pension house in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, killed 16.^[122]
• 31 May 2013 - 2013 Serendra explosion. A gas leak led to an explosion inside a condominium complex in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig that hurled a chunk of concrete wall into a road, killing three passengers of a passing delivery van and injuring five others.
• 13 May 2015 – Kentex slipper factory fire. 74 people died in a factory fire in Valenzuela.^[123]
• 1 February 2017 – HTI factory fire. 5 people died after a factory fire inside the Cavite Export Processing Zone in General Trias.^[124]
• 23 December 2017 – 2017 Davao City mall fire. 39 people died in a fire that destroyed the New City Commercial Center (NCCC) shopping mall.^[125]
• 18 March 2018 – 2018 Manila Pavilion Hotel fire. 6 people died in a hotel fire in the Ermita district of Manila.^[126]
• 2 October 2019 – Star City fire. An electrical fire razed the Star City amusement park and the adjacent Manila Broadcasting Company building in Pasay.^[127]
• 21-23 May 2023 - The Manila Central Post Office was gutted by a fire that started from a leaking car battery.^[128]
• 31 August 2023 - A fire at a house doubling as a t-shirt factory in Quezon City killed 15.^[129]

Structural and infrastructure failures

• 13 December 1952 - A cave-in at a mine in Paracale, Camarines Norte caused by waters entering from the Paracale River killed 56 miners.^[130]
• 17 November 1981 - During the construction of the Manila Film Center, the scaffolding^[131] collapsed,^{[132] [133]} and at least 169^{[134] [135]} workers fell and were buried under quick-drying wet cement.^[136] Seven people were officially listed as having been killed in the accident.^[137] However, it was believed that many more were killed and several bodies were not recovered, having been poured over with cement to rush with the construction and as part of a media blackout during the Marcos dictatorship.
• 4 June 1988 - Mine tunnels collapsed on Mount Lablab, Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte, killing at least 27 people.^[138]
• 30 May 1989 - A mining community in Mount Diwata, Monkayo, then part of Davao del Norte, collapsed from heavy rain, resulting in the deaths of thousands, mostly miners.^[139]
• 15 May 1996 - The roof of a Coca-Cola plant that was under construction in Santa Rosa, Laguna collapsed, killing seven workers and injuring 20.^[140]
• 26 December 1997 - Heavy rains caused the collapse of the gold mine tunnels in Mount Diwata, killing 80 miners.^[141]
• 19 January 2015 – Eleven people were killed while four others are injured after a wall collapsed at a construction site in Guiguinto, Bulacan.^[142]

Environmental disasters

• 2 January 1992 – The tailings dam broke at Number Two tailings storage facility of Philex Mining Corporation's Padcal mine in Tuba, Benguet, releasing 80 million cubic metres of effluent.^[143]
• 6 September 1995 – Apparent explosions caused by "treasure-hunting" activities triggered the collapse of the crater wall of Mt. Parker in T'boli, South Cotabato, overflowing Lake Maughan atop, and devastating mostly tribal communities. At least 70 people were reported killed while 125 were missing, with damages worth ₱346-million.^[144]
• 24 March 1996 – Marcopper mining disaster. A fracture in the drainage tunnel of a large pit containing leftover mine tailings belonging to a Canadian firm led to a discharge of toxic mine waste into the Makulapnit-Boac river system in Marinduque, causing flash flooding, extensive contamination, adverse health effects and the biological death of the river system.
• August–September 1999 – Sixty-eight residents mysteriously died in Clark, Pampanga. A task force found out that the deaths were caused by tons of toxic waste abandoned in the former US air base.^[145]
• 10 July 2000 - Payatas landslide. More than 200 people died when a large volume of garbage stored at the Payatas Dumpsite in Quezon City collapsed into nearby settlements.^[146]
• 11 August 2006 – Guimaras oil spill. An oil tanker, MT Solar 1, sank off the coasts of Guimaras and Negros Occidental, causing some 500,000 litres (110,000 imp gal; 130,000 US gal) of oil to pour into Panay Gulf in an oil spill.^{[147] [148]}
• August 2012 – Padcal tailings spills. A series of mine tailings spills from Tailings Pond 3 of the Philex Mining Corporation's Padcal mine in Tuba, Benguet, that resulted in the release of a total of 21 million tonnes of solids.^{[149] [150]}
• 28 February 2023 – Oriental Mindoro oil spill. An oil tanker, MT Princess Empress, sank off the coast of Oriental Mindoro, causing 900,000 litres of oil to pour into Tablas Strait in an oil spill that also affected Antique, Palawan and Batangas.^{[151] [152] [153]}
• 25 July 2024 - 2024 Manila Bay oil spill. The oil tanker MT Terra Nova, carrying around 1.5 million liters of industrial fuel, capsized and sank in 34m depth of water^[154] off Limay, Bataan during Typhoon Gaemi, causing an oil spill with a length of four kilometers along Manila Bay.^[155]

Miscellaneous

• 2 May 1994 – 166 people were hospitalized after eating meat from carabaos believed to have died in an epidemic in Jabonga, Agusan del Norte.^[156]
• 2 August 1994 – 260 students were hospitalized after eating cooked cabbage contaminated with formalin in Valencia, Bukidnon.^[157]
• 9 March 2005 – At least 28 students died and more than 100 others were hospitalized after eating cassava-based snacks believed to have been tainted with pesticide in Mabini, Bohol.^[158]
• 4 February 2006 – PhilSports Arena Stampede. 78 died in a crush at the venue of the first anniversary celebrations of ABS-CBN's variety show Wowowee in Pasig.^[159]
• July 2015 – Caraga candy poisonings. 2,000 people across the Caraga region were hospitalized after earing durian candies that were contaminated with staphylococcus aureus.^[160]

See also

• List of disasters in the Philippines, for natural disasters in the Philippines

Notes and References

1. Web site: THE LILI MARLENE . Filipinas Heritage Library. 19 February 2023.
2. Web site: List of aviation accidents involving the Philippine military . news.abs-cbn.com. 25 January 2023.
3. Web site: Associated Press . Magsaysay Dead With 24 In Plane; Garcia Successor (pay site). PDF . The New York Times . March 18, 1957 . March 21, 2008 .
4. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-3C PI-C133 Mount Baco . 2022-05-14 . aviation-safety.net.
5. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident BAC One-Eleven 402AP PI-C1131 Manila International Airport (MNL). Ranter. Harro. aviation-safety.net. 2019-06-05.
6. Book: The 1978 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc. 1978. 0-7166-0478-7. Chicago, IL. registration.
7. Book: The 1982 World Book Year Book. World Book, Inc.. 1982. 0-7166-0482-5. Chicago . 0084-1439. registration.
8. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Hawker Siddeley HS-748-209 Srs. 2 RP-C1015 Baguio-Loakan Airport (BAG). Ranter. Harro. aviation-safety.net. 2019-06-05.
9. News: Remains of PAL crash victims found. 19 December 1987. New Straits Times. 30 April 2015. Cagayan de Oro.
10. News: Filipino jet explodes on takeoff, 8 killed. 26 May 2013. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 12 May 1990. Associated Press.
11. Web site: Philippine Commuter Plane Crashes Into House, 25 Dead. AP NEWS.
12. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 264. Calamities and Disasters.
13. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 268. Calamities and Disasters.
14. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 270 . Calamities and Disasters.
15. Web site: Air disasters timeline. BBC News. 2016-12-27.
16. Web site: Ranter. Harro. Accident description. December 25, 2016. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
17. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/553722.stm Philippines crash claims 17 lives
18. News: April 19, 2000 . Air Philippines crash kills all 131 on board . . dead . August 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071113132252/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/southeast/04/19/philippines.crash.02/index.html . November 13, 2007.
19. News: Plane crashes in Manila Bay, 18 dead. 6 January 2017. Independent Online. May 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130509010542/http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/plane-crashes-in-manila-bay-18-dead-1.97284. live.
20. Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600 RP-C6888 Manila-Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL) [Manila Bay]]. 2020-10-16. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. October 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017211004/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20021111-0. live.
21. News: Missing Chemtrad plane found in Cagayan . April 7, 2023 . . April 14, 2009.
22. News: Nantes, 5 others killed in helicopter crash . July 28, 2016. . May 18, 2010.
23. News: Plane crashes into crowded slum in Manila, kills at least 13 . December 11, 2011 . . December 10, 2011.
24. Web site: ABS-CBN News . Robredo's plane crashes off Masbate. August 18, 2012. August 18, 2012.
25. Web site: Small plane crashes outside Philippine capital, killing 10 . Morales . Neil Jerome . . 17 March 2018 . 18 March 2018 .
26. Web site: 10 dead in Plaridel, Bulacan plane crash . Gita . Ruth Abbey . 17 March 2018 . Sun.Star Manila . 17 March 2018 .
27. News: Several killed as plane crashes in Calamba, Laguna . 1 September 2019 . . 24 April 2020 .
28. News: 9 killed in Philippines air-ambulance crash near Manila: authorities . . 1 September 2019 . . 24 April 2020 .
29. News: July 4, 2021 . Philippine Air Force C-130H plane crashes in Sulu . Manila Bulletin . July 4, 2021 . July 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210704065056/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/04/philippine-air-force-c-130h-plane-with-85-people-crashes-in-sulu/ . live .
30. News: July 4, 2021 . Missing Cessna plane in Isabela found after month-long search; no survivors found . Manila Bulletin . April 7, 2023.
31. [GMA Network]
32. Book: The 1977 World Book Year Book. Field Enterprises Educational Corporation. 1977. 0-7166-0477-9. Chicago, IL. registration.
33. Book: The 1978 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc. 1978. 0-7166-0478-7. Chicago, IL. registration.
34. Book: The 1980 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc.. 1980. 0-7166-0480-9. Chicago, IL. registration.
35. News: May 25, 1986 . Philippine Bus Crash Kills 23 . en-US . The New York Times . September 4, 2022 . 0362-4331.
36. Web site: Philippine bus crash kills 31. UPI. November 9, 2021.
37. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 290. Calamities and Disasters.
38. "Zamboanga bus-truck accident kills 25" PHNO. 10-05-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
39. "Baguio minibus falls into ravine, 22 killed" PHNO. 01-22-1999. Retrieved 03-16-2022.
40. —"Philippines Bus Accident Kills 22" AP News. 01-21-1999.
    —"Philippines bus crash kills 22" BBC News. 01-21-1999.
    —"Evangelista: P-Noy orders probe of Sablan killer bus mishap" SunStar. 08-21-2010.
    
    For the timelines of related accidents:
    —(Opinion) "Kakila-kilabot na bus accident" (in Tagalog) Philstar.com. 08-21-2010.
    —(Opinion) "Life and death" Inquirer.net. 11-01-2011. (Note that this article mistakenly reported that the accident in Benguet occurred on "June 20, 1999".)
    
    All were retrieved 03-17-2022.
41. "Overloaded jeepney falls into Benguet ravine, 21 dead" PHNO. 11-02-1999. Retrieved 03-16-2022.
42. "Another Benguet bus tragedy ravine kills 19" PHNO. 11-05-1999. Retrieved 03-16-2022.
43. News: December 27, 2000 . Davao bus death toll climbs to 38 . . September 29, 2022.
44. News: March 20, 2001 . 26 killed in two tollway accidents . .
45. News: October 27, 2001 . Butuan bus mishap kills 21 . .
46. News: February 3, 2002 . 12 die in Benguet bus mishap on 02-02-02 . .
47. News: April 27, 2002 . 11 killed, 6 hurt in Nueva Vizcaya mishap . .
48. News: August 14, 2002 . 11 killed in van-truck collision in Zambo Norte . .
49. News: November 25, 2002 . 33 die as bus falls into ravine . .
50. News: April 30, 2003 . 19 dead, 49 hurt in twin road mishaps . . January 18, 2023.
51. News: September 23, 2003 . 14 killed, 31 injured in Cagayan bus collision . . September 29, 2022.
52. News: September 28, 2003 . 14 killed in Bataan bus mishap . . September 29, 2022.
53. News: November 17, 2003 . 15 die as jeepney rams truck in Silay . . September 29, 2022.
54. News: February 1, 2004 . 10 dead, 14 hurt as buses collide . . September 29, 2022.
55. News: April 4, 2005 . 25 killed in jeep-bus collisions . . September 29, 2022.
56. News: May 12, 2005 . 27 killed in Benguet bus accident . . September 29, 2022.
57. News: May 11, 2006 . 11 dead, 26 hurt in Davao collision . . September 29, 2022.
58. News: October 30, 2006 . Death toll in North Cotabato road accident rises to 18 . . January 18, 2023.
59. News: February 6, 2007 . 'Pure negligence,' not terrorism, blamed for Zambo tanker explosion . . September 29, 2022.
60. News: July 24, 2007 . 13 killed, 30 injured in Samar accident . . January 18, 2023.
61. News: January 29, 2008 . Road crash kills 14 people in s. Philippines . . January 18, 2023.
62. News: Dematera . Cet . July 30, 2008 . Camarines road mishap: 13 dead . . January 14, 2024.
63. News: Visperas . Eva . August 29, 2008 . 4 pastors among 10 Koreans who died in P'sinan road accident . . January 14, 2024.
64. News: March 29, 2009 . High-speed bus-truck crash speeding kills 14 . . September 29, 2022.
65. News: October 9, 2009 . 11 dead, 7 hurt in Compostela road collision . . January 18, 2023.
66. News: October 29, 2009 . 10 dead in Isabela road mishap . . January 14, 2024.
67. News: February 16, 2010 . 14 killed, 13 hurt in Cagayan road mishap . . January 18, 2023.
68. News: March 8, 2010 . 12 dead as bus rams into acacia tree . . September 29, 2022.
69. News: Bus crash in Philippines kills 21, mostly Iranian students. June 14, 2010. Mehr News. September 29, 2022.
70. News: July 5, 2010 . 15 dead in Cebu bus crash . . September 29, 2022.
71. News: August 19, 2010 . 41 killed in Benguet bus mishap . . September 29, 2022.
72. News: December 1, 2011 . 13 killed, 5 hurt in Sarangani road accident . . January 18, 2023.
73. News: May 14, 2012 . Police identify 11 victims in Mt. Province road crash . . January 18, 2023.
74. News: July 23, 2012 . Biliran road crash: 14 dead . . January 18, 2023.
75. News: October 3, 2012 . Ilocos road mishap: 13 dead . . January 18, 2023.
76. Web site: Mallari . Delfin T. Jr. . October 19, 2013 . 20 killed, 54 injured in Atimonan smashup . October 22, 2013 . INQUIRER.net.
77. News: Philippines bus crash kills 21. BBC News . December 16, 2013 . December 16, 2013.
78. News: 17 dead as bus falls into Mt. Province ravine. February 8, 2014. Philstar.com. September 29, 2022.
79. Web site: 10 dead in Tanay tourist bus accident. February 20, 2017. ABS-CBN News. February 25, 2017.
80. News: 26 dead in Nueva Ecija road accident. Manila Bulletin. April 18, 2017.
81. News: December 25, 2017 . Christmas tragedy: Road collision kills 20 in La Union . Philstar.com . September 29, 2022.
82. News: March 22, 2018 . Mindoro bus crash: 19 dead . Philstar.com . September 29, 2022.
83. News: May 23, 2019 . Albay road accident death toll rises to 10 . en . . January 18, 2023.
84. News: June 10, 2019 . 13 die as truck crashes in Camarines Sur . en . . January 18, 2023.
85. News: September 17, 2019 . 20 dead as truck falls down ravine in South Cotabato . en . . January 18, 2023.
86. News: November 1, 2019 . 19 dead, 22 hurt after truck plunges into Apayao ravine . en . . January 29, 2023.
87. News: January 13, 2022 . At least 11 killed in Balingasag, Misamis Oriental truck crash . en-GB . GMA News . January 29, 2023.
88. News: August 5, 2022 . GenSan highway accident death toll now 10 . en-GB . The Philippine Star . January 29, 2023.
89. Web site: Antique bus crash death toll now 18 . December 7, 2023 . GMA.
90. Web site: 15 dead, others hurt as truck falls off ravine in Mabinay, Negros Oriental . 2024-02-21 . GMA News . February 21, 2024 . en.
91. News: Rebollido . Rommel . At least 17 burn to death, 4 others hurt in Cotabato road mishap . . March 26, 2024 . March 26, 2024.
92. News: 11 patay sa banggaan ng bus, truck sa Cagayan . July 11, 2024 . . July 11, 2024 . fil.
93. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 2: Presidencies from Quirino to Macapagal (1948-1964) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 151. Calamities and Disasters.
94. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 2: Presidencies from Quirino to Macapagal (1948-1964) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 153. Calamities and Disasters.
95. News: Albay . Rhick Lars Vladimer . Unwavering Federation Fire . 9 February 2019 . Panay News . 13 October 2018.
96. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 3: The Marcos Years (1965-1986) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 226. Calamities and Disasters.
97. Book: The 1976 World Book Year Book.. Field Enterprises Educational Corporation. 1976. 0-7166-0476-0. Chicago.
98. "At Least 51 Killed By Fire in Factory In Manila Suburb" AP via The New York Times. 01-22-1975. Retrieved 04-01-2022.
99. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 3: The Marcos Years (1965-1986) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 213-214. Calamities and Disasters.
100. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 3: The Marcos Years (1965-1986) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 213-214. Calamities and Disasters.
101. Book: The 1979 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc.. 1979. 0-7166-0479-5. Chicago, IL. registration.
102. Book: The 1979 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc.. 1979. 0-7166-0479-5. Chicago, IL. registration.
103. Book: The 1980 World Book Year Book. World Book-Childcraft International, Inc.. 1980. 0-7166-0480-9. Chicago, IL. registration.
104. Book: The 1984 World Book Year Book. World Book, Inc. (Doubleday & Company, Inc.). 1984. 0-7166-0484-1. Chicago . 0084-1439.
105. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19830207&id=rFwxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vAIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7029,2199321 "15 in Mine Killed"
106. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19830207&id=G6pOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6231,2270373 "Mine blast killed 15 Filipinos"
107. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19830207&id=6tZOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1207,1758764 "Mine blast kills 15"
108. News: Abuggao . Martin . Fire raced through a resort hotel today, killing at... . 14 September 2023 . UPI . 13 February 1985.
109. News: Tan . Ab . Officials Fear Arson in Manila Fire . 14 September 2023 . Washington Post . 13 February 1985.
110. News: Philippines mine explosion . 14 September 2023 . UPI . 29 August 1994.
111. —"No more survivors expected to be found after mine disaster" AP. August 31, 1994. Retrieved 04-29-2021.—"Gold in the Philippines: How much is it really worth?" Gulf News. March 11, 2019. Retrieved 02-14-2022.
     —"The worst mining disasters since 1990" Gulf News. May 14, 2014. Retrieved 02-14-2022.
112. News: After 18 years, 9 found guilty in Ozone inferno . Gamil . Jaymee . Kristine Felisse . Mangunay . Marlon . Ramos . November 21, 2014 . . March 16, 2018 . en.
113. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 286. Calamities and Disasters.
114. "22 perish in Lung Center fire, arson suspected" PHNO. 05-17-1998. Retrieved 04-01-2022.
115. —"Philippines: Manila: 8 patients die in hospital fire" AP Archive. 05-16-1998.
     —"Philippine Hospital Fire Kills 10" AP (via Los Angeles Times). 05-17-1998.
     —"May 16, 1998: a fire swept through the Lung Center of the Philippines killing 25 people" The Kahimyang Project.
     
     All were retrieved 04-01-2022.
116. Web site: TODAY IN HISTORY: In 1913, the Association de Damas Filipinas was established . InterAksyon . September 26, 2011 . September 26, 2011 . September 27, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110927054048/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/13880/today-in-history-in-1913-the-association-de-damas-filipinas-was-established . dead .
117. "Manila orphanage fire: 29 dead, 9 missing" PHNO. 12-04-1998. Retrieved 03-31-2022.
118. —"Fire Ravages Manila Orphanage" CBS News. 12-03-1998.
     —"Fire kills 28 in Manila orphanage" AP (via Deseret News). 12-03-1998.
     —"Philippines Orphanage Fire Probed" AP. 12-04-1998.
     
     For the list of related disasters:
     —"The 7 Deadliest Fires in the Philippines in the Last 50 Years" Esquire Philippines. 03-27-2018.
     
     All were retrieved 04-01-2022.
119. "Diwalwal gold mine tunnel death toll now 11" PHNO. Mar 3, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
120. News: Punongbayan . Michael . Ex-Quezon City officials get 30 years for 2001 hotel fire . 17 September 2022 . The Philippine Star . 1 April 2019.
121. —"18 miners killed in Compostela Valley tunnel blast" Philstar.com. October 28, 2005. Retrieved 02-18-2022.—"History of landslides in Compostela Valley" Philstar.com. January 6, 2012. Retrieved 02-18-2022.
122. Web site: 16th victim in Tuguegarao fire dies . ABS-CBN . December 20, 2010 . January 11, 2023.
123. News: Saunar. Ivy . Kentex blaze 3rd worst fire incident in Philippines – BFP. 16 May 2015 . CNN Philippines . 15 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150517135442/http://cnnphilippines.com/metro/2015/05/15/Kentex-blaze-3rd-worst-fire-incident-in-Philippines---BFP.html. May 17, 2015. dead.
124. News: 100 hurt, 3 missing in Cavite factory fire. Panay News. Co. Adrian Stewart. February 3, 2017. February 3, 2017.
125. News: Nawal. Allan. Davao City mall fire: 38th victim died after saving 783. December 29, 2017. Philippine Daily Inquirer. December 28, 2017.
126. News: 6th Victim of Manila Pavilion Fire Dies . ABS-CNB news . 21 March 2018 .
127. News: Cabalza . Dexter . Star City fire leaves P 1B worth of damage . 3 October 2019 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 3 October 2019.
128. Web site: June 6, 2023 . Fire in Manila Central Post Office 'accidental in nature': BFP. ABS-CBN News.
129. Web site: Deadly fire engulfs home warehouse in the Philippines . CNN . August 31, 2023 . September 5, 2023.
130. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 2: Presidencies from Quirino to Macapagal (1948-1964) . Pantas Publishing . 2015 . 149. Calamities and Disasters.
131. Web site: Senate eyes Film Center as new home. Manila Bulletin. January 19, 2010.
132. Book: Lico, Gerard . 2003 . Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture . HI . University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition . 978-971-550-435-5 . 123 of 178 . January 18, 2010 .
133. Where Spirits Roam. Rogue Magazine . October 2009.
134. Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference. Asian Studies Review. 33. 3. 289–301. 10.1080/10357820903153715. 2009. Benedicto. Bobby. 143627535.
135. Web site: Max Soliven: By the Way. Philippine Star. January 19, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033703/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/ht/ht006672.htm. June 7, 2011. dead.
136. News: Sculpting Society. Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 19, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091117175856/http://opinion.inquirer.net/viewpoints/columns/view/20070610-70434/Sculpting_Society. November 17, 2009.
137. News: Account on the 1981 Manila Film Center deaths . November 6, 2017 . September 26, 2021 . Inquirer.net.
138. –"27 Miners Feared Dead In Tunnel Collapse" AP. June 4, 1988.–"Workers rescue miner, fear 27 others dead in Philippine tunnel collapse" AP. June 5, 1988.
     Retrieved 04-25-2021.
139. —"Deep within the mines: The Mt. Diwalwal story (Part 3 of 3)" Philstar.com. 07-18-2003. Retrieved 02-18-2022.
     —"Mt. Diwata: Golden dream for some, a nightmare for others!" Edge Davao. 08-16-2009. Retrieved 02-18-2022.
140. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 285. Calamities and Disasters.
141. —"Miners buried in Davao gold mountain" PHNO. 12-31-1997. Retrieved 02-17-2022.—"Survivors found in Davao mine collapse" PHNO. 01-01-1998. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
     —"80 confirmed dead in Davao mines" PHNO. 01-12-1998. Retrieved 02-17-2022.
142. Web site: Substandard materials eyed as cause of wall collapse in Bulacan . ABS-CBN . January 21, 2015 . January 21, 2024.
143. AGHAM – Advocates of Science and Technology for the People, Center for Environmental Concerns (CEC), and Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment (Kalikasan-PNE)"Environmental Investigation Mission on the Impacts of the Philex Mining Corporation (PMC) Mine Tailings Pond 3 Failure TECHNICAL REPORT",  2013. Page 2 (7/28). Accessed June 2018.
     Harvey Wood, 2012. Disasters and Minewater. IWA Publishing. Page 36. Accessed via EbscoHost e-book publisher.
     Wise Uranium, 2018. "Chronology of Major Tailings Dam Failures"   gives outflow as 80 million tonnes.
144. —"Explosions flooding send tribal Filipinos fleeing mountain home" Sept. 7, 1995; "Volcano collapse turns central Mindanao into calamity area" Sept. 12, 1995. Articles are from UCA News.
     —"World in Brief: Philippines: 20 Killed, 400 Missing in Flash Floods" Los Angeles Times. Sept. 8, 1995.
     —"Floods Kill 26 in Southern Philippines" AP News. Sept. 9, 1995.
     —"Parker"; "Report on Parker (Philippines) — September 1995" Global Volcanism Program.
     —"Philippines - Floods Information Report No.3" ReliefWeb. Sept. 8, 1995.
     —"When flash floods gripped Cotabato folk in terror" Philstar.com. Sept. 6, 2004.
     —"Lake Maughan tragedy: 17 years later, case still not closed" Sept. 6, 2012; "19 years on, still no closure for deadly Lake Maughan tragedy" Sept. 6, 2014. Articles are from MindaNews.
     —"Lake Holon: T'boli tribe's other gem" Inquirer.net. Oct. 14, 2018.
     
     All were retrieved June 27, 2022.
145. —"Probe 68 Clark deaths from toxic waste -- Osmena" PHNO. 09-18-1999.
     —"Clark toxic waste death toll now 68" PHNO. 10-11-1999.
     All are retrieved 03-16-2022.
146. News: After nearly 20 years, court finds Quezon City liable for Payatas tragedy. Philstar.com. 2020-01-16.
147. News: Oil spill threatens Philippines. BBC News. 15 July 2013. Sarah Toms. 15 August 2006.
148. News: Arroyo forms task force to oversee oil spill cleanup. INQ7.net. 2006-08-23.
149. Center for Science in Public Participation, "Tailings Dam Failures, 1915-2016" (XSLX spreadsheet. See especially line 16.)
150. AGHAM and others, 2013, "Executive Summary" (p 3/28 in .pdf).
151. News: Ramirez . Robertzon . Rendon . Jennifer . Mindoro oil spill reaches 3 barangays in Antique . . March 17, 2023.
152. MSI Bulletin #06 (March 10. 2023): Oil slick sightings and deposition reported in Taytay, Palawan . March 6, 2023 . University of the Philippines – Marine Science Institute . March 11, 2023.
153. News: Oil spill from Oriental Mindoro reaches Verde Island in Batangas City . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320045311/http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/3/20/oil-spill-reaches-Verde-Island.html. dead. March 20, 2023. March 25, 2023.
154. Web site: Philippine tanker carrying 1.4 million litres of oil capsizes off Manila . gulfnews.com . 25 July 2024 . en . 25 July 2024.
155. Web site: Guinto . Joel . Race to contain oil spill after ships capsize as typhoon hits Taiwan and Philippines . BBC News . 25 July 2024 . en . 25 July 2024.
156. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 268. Calamities and Disasters.
157. Book: Syjuco-Tan. Maria Felisa. Highlights of Philippine History Volume 4: Presidencies of Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) and Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998) . Pantas Publishing . 2023 . 272. Calamities and Disasters.
158. Web site: DOH: Bohol poisoning due to pesticide, not cyanide. Philstar.com. April 7, 2023.
159. News: Manila stadium stampede kills 78 . BBC . February 4, 2006 .
160. News: Alvarez. Kathrina Charmaine. 'Poisonous' durian candies test positive for staphylococcus bacteria. 22 July 2015. Agence France-Presse, JDS, GMA News. GMA News. 16 July 2015.