List of mammals of the State of Palestine explained
This is a list of mammal species recorded in the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. | |
The hyraxes are four species of furry, cat-sized, thickset, herbivorous mammals that might resemble rodents at first glance, but have hooves and two caniniform incisors among other features that betray their distant evolutionary relation to elephants. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45kg (99lb).
Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Suborder: Megachiroptera
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Suborder: Microchiroptera
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.
[2]
- Genus: Steno
- Genus: Tursiops
[2]
[2]
[2] Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelopes, goats)
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in Palestine:
- Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus[3]
- Addax, Addax nasomaculatus[4]
- Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus[5]
- Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus[6]
- Red deer, Cervus elaphus[7]
- Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica[8]
- Onager, Equus hemionus[9]
- Sand cat, Felis margarita[10]
- Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx[11]
- Lion, Panthera leo[12]
- Leopard, Panthera pardus[13]
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos[14]
See also
References
- Aulagnier, S. et al. (2008) Guide des mammifères d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et de Moyen-Orient. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris
- McDonald, D. & Barrett, P. (1993) Collins Field Guide. Mammals of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins Publishers, London
- Reeves, R.R. et al. (2002) Sea Mammals of the World. A & C Black, London
- IUCN Red List - The Red List of Threatened Species
Notes and References
- The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 9 January 2013 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN where no Wikipedia article was available.
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266459808_Update_on_the_Cetacean_Fauna_of_the_Mediterranean_Levantine_Basin Update on the Cetacean Fauna of the Mediterranean Levantine Basin
- Acinonyx jubatus. Durant, S.. Mitchell, N.. Ipavec, A.. Groom, R.. amp. 2015. e.T219A50649567.
- IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . Addax nasomaculatus . 2016 . e.T512A50180603 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T512A50180603.en . 13 November 2021.
- IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. 2019. Alcelaphus buselaphus . 2016. 2019. e.T811A143160967. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T811A143160967.en.
- Capreolus capreolus . Lovari, S. . Herrero, J. . Masseti, M. . Ambarli, H. . Lorenzini, R. . Giannatos, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T42395A22161386.
- Book: Cultural Change and the Epipalaeolithic of Palestine. Fellner. Robert O.. 1–195. British Archaeological Reports. 1978.
- Dama mesopotamica (errata version) . Werner, N.Y. . Rabiei, A. . Saltz, D. . Daujat, J. . Baker, K . amp . 2016 . e.T6232A97672550 . 6 October 2020.
- Equus hemionus . Kaczensky, P. . Lkhagvasuren, B. . Pereladova, O. . Hemami, M. . Bouskila, A. . amp . e.T7951A166520460 . 2020.
- Felis margarita . Sliwa, A. . Ghadirian, T. . Appel, A. . Banfield, L. . Sher Shah, M. . Wacher, T. . amp . e.T8541A50651884 . 2016 . 29 October 2018.
- Oryx leucoryx . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2017 . e.T15569A50191626.
- Panthera leo . amp . Bauer, H. . Packer, C. . Funston, P. F. . Henschel, P. . Nowell, K. . 2016 . e.T15951A115130419.
- Panthera pardus . Stein, A.B. . Athreya, V. . Gerngross, P. . Balme, G. . Henschel, P. . Karanth, U. . Miquelle, D. . Rostro-Garcia, S. . Kamler, J. F. . Laguardia, A. . Khorozyan, I. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2020 . e.T15954A163991139.
- McLellan, B.N. . Proctor, M.F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . Ursus arctos . 2017 . e.T41688A121229971 . 2017 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.
