List of mammals of Portugal explained

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 93 mammal species occurring in Portugal. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and one is near threatened.The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.

• Suborder: Sciurognathi
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
      • Genus: Sciurus
        • Red squirrel, S. vulgaris ^[1]
  • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
    • Subfamily: Leithiinae
      • Genus: Eliomys
        • Garden dormouse, E. quercinus ^[2]
  • Family: Cricetidae (hamsters, voles, lemmings)
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
      • Genus: Arvicola
        • Southwestern water vole, A. sapidus ^[3]
        • European water vole, A. amphibius ^[4]
      • Genus: Microtus
        • Cabrera's vole, M. cabrerae ^[5]
        • Field vole, M. agrestis LC
        • Mediterranean pine vole, M. duodecimcostatus LC
        • Lusitanian pine vole, M. lusitanicus LC
  • Family: Muridae (mice and rats)
    • Subfamily: Murinae
      • Genus: Apodemus
        • Wood mouse, A. sylvaticus LC
      • Genus: Mus
        • House mouse, M. musculus LC
        • Algerian mouse, M. spretus LC
      • Genus: Rattus
        • Black rat, R. rattus ^[6]
        • Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

• Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Oryctolagus
    • European rabbit, O. cuniculus ^[7]
  • Genus: Lepus
    • Granada hare, L. granatensis ^[8]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

• Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
  • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
    • Genus: Erinaceus
      • West European hedgehog, E. europaeus ^[9]

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

• Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
      • Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula
      • Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens ^[10]
    • Genus: Suncus
      • Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
  • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Nectogalini
      • Genus: Neomys
        • Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
    • Tribe: Soricini
      • Genus: Sorex
        • Iberian shrew, S. granarius LC
        • Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
• Family: Talpidae (moles)
  • Subfamily: Talpinae
    • Tribe: Desmanini
      • Genus: Galemys
        • Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus ^[11]
    • Tribe: Talpini
      • Genus: Talpa
        • Iberian mole, T. occidentalis LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

• Family: Vespertilionidae
  • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
      • Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini ^[12]
      • Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis ^[13]
      • Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii ^[14]
      • Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus ^[15]
      • Escalera's bat, M. escalerai ^[16]
      • Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus ^[17]
      • Natterer's bat, M. nattereri ^[18]
  • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Barbastella
      • Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus ^[19]
    • Genus: Eptesicus
      • Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
    • Genus: Nyctalus
      • Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus ^[20]
      • Lesser noctule, N. leisleri ^[21]
      • Azores noctule, N. azoreum VU
    • Genus: Pipistrellus
      • Madeira pipistrelle, P. maderensis VU
    • Genus: Plecotus
      • Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus ^[22]
      • Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC
• Family: Miniopteridae
  • Genus: Miniopterus
    • Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii ^[23]
• Family: Molossidae
  • Genus: Tadarida
    • European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis ^[24]
• Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
      • Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale ^[25]
      • Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum ^[26]
      • Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros ^[27]
      • Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi ^[28]

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

• Suborder: Mysticeti
  • Family: Balaenidae
    • Genus: Eubalaena
      • North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis EN
  • Family: Balaenopteridae
    • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Fin whale, B. physalus EN
        • Blue whale, B. musculus EN
• Suborder: Odontoceti
  • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
    • Family: Phocoenidae
      • Genus: Phocoena
        • Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena VU
    • Family: Physeteridae
      • Genus: Physeter
        • Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus VU
    • Family: Kogiidae
      • Genus: Kogia
        • Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD^[29]
        • Dwarf sperm whale, K. sima LC
    • Family: Ziphidae
      • Genus: Ziphius
        • Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris DD
      • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
        • Genus: Hyperoodon
          • Bottlenose whale, H. ampullatus DD
        • Genus: Mesoplodon
          • Sowerby's beaked whale, M. bidens DD
          • Blainville's beaked whale, M. densirostris DD
          • True's beaked whale, M. mirus DD
    • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
      • Genus: Lagenorhynchus
        • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
      • Genus: Leucopleurus
        • Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC
      • Genus: Steno
        • Rough-toothed dolphin, S. bredanensis DD
      • Genus: Tursiops
        • Bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus DD
      • Genus: Stenella
        • Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba DD
        • Atlantic spotted dolphin, S. frontalis DD
      • Genus: Delphinus
        • Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis VU
      • Genus: Grampus
        • Risso's dolphin, G. griseus DD
      • Genus: Feresa
        • Pygmy killer whale, F. attenuata DD
      • Genus: Pseudorca
        • False killer whale, P. crassidens LC
      • Genus: Orcinus
        • Orca O. orca DD
      • Genus: Globicephala
        • Short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus LC
        • Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

• Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Genus: Felis
        • European wildcat, F. silvestris ^[30]
      • Genus: Lynx
        • Iberian lynx, L. pardinus reintroduced^[31]
  • Family: Viverridae
    • Subfamily: Viverrinae
      • Genus: Genetta
        • Common genet, G. genetta introduced^[32]
  • Family: Herpestidae
    • Genus: Herpestes
      • Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon ^[33]
• Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs and foxes)
    • Genus: Vulpes
      • Red fox, V. vulpes ^[34]
    • Genus: Canis
      • Gray wolf, C. lupus ^[35]
        • Iberian wolf, C. l. signatus
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Lutra
      • European otter, L. lutra ^[36]
    • Genus: Martes
      • Beech marten, M. foina ^[37]
      • European pine marten, M. martes ^[38]
    • Genus: Meles
      • European badger, M. meles ^[39]
    • Genus: Mustela
      • Stoat, M. erminea ^[40]
      • Least weasel, M. nivalis ^[41]
      • European polecat, M. putorius ^[42]
    • Genus: Neogale
      • American mink, N. vison introduced^[43]
  • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
    • Genus: Cystophora
      • Hooded seal, C. cristata ^[44]
    • Genus: Erignathus
      • Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC
    • Genus: Monachus
      • Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus Madeira only^[45]
    • Genus: Phoca
      • Common seal, P. vitulina LC
    • Genus: Pusa
      • Ringed seal, P. hispida LC

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Cervidae
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Cervus
      • Red deer, C. elaphus ^[46]
    • Genus: Dama
      • European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced^[47]
  • Subfamily: Capreolinae
    • Genus: Capreolus
      • Roe deer, C. capreolus ^[48]
• Family: Bovidae
  • Subfamily: Caprinae
    • Genus: Capra
      • Spanish ibex, C. pyrenaica reintroduced
        • Portuguese ibex, C. p. lusitanica
        • Western Spanish ibex, C. p. victoriae introduced
• Family: Suidae
  • Genus: Sus
    • Wild boar, S. scrofa ^[49]

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

• Brown bear, Ursus arctos^[50]
• Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula^[51]
• Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber^[52]
• Wild horse, Equus ferus^{[53] [54] [55]}

See also

• List of chordate orders
• List of prehistoric mammals
• Lists of mammals by region
• Mammal classification
• List of mammals described in the 2000s

External links

• Web site: Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.

Notes and References

1. Sciurus vulgaris . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . amp . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010.
2. Eliomys quercinus . 2008 . Bertolino, S. . Amori, G. . Henttonen, H. . Zagorodnyuk, I. . Zima, J. . Juškaitis, R. . Meinig, H. . Kryštufek, B. . amp . e.T7618A12835766.
3. Arvicola sapidus . 2008 . Rigaux, P. . Vaslin, M. . Noblet, J. F. . Amori, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . amp . e.T2150A9290712.
4. Arvicola amphibius . Batsaikhan, N. . Henttonen, H. . Meinig, H. . Shenbrot, G. . Bukhnikashvili, A. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T2149A115060819.
5. Microtus cabrerae . Fernandes, M.. Pita, R. . Mira, A. . amp . 2019 . e.T13418A90931498.
6. Rattus rattus . 2015 . 2015 . Kryštufek, B. . Palomo, L.J. . Hutterer, R. . Mitsain, G. . Yigit, N. . amp . e.T19360A115148682.
7. Oryctolagus cuniculus . 2019 . 2019 . Villafuerte, R. . Delibes-Mateos, M. . e.T41291A45189779 .
8. Lepus granatensis . Soriguer, R. . Carro, F. . amp . 2019 . 2019 . e.T41306A2953195 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41306A2953195.en .
9. Erinaceus europaeus . Amori, G. . 2016 . 2016 . e.T29650A2791303 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29650A2791303.en .
10. Crocidura suaveolens . Hutterer, R. . Amori, G. . Krystufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G.& Palomo, L.J. . 2010 . 2010 . e.T29656A9511068 .
11. Galemys pyrenaicus . Fernandes, M. . Herrero, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Amori, G. . amp . 2008 . e.T8826A12934876 . 2008 .
12. Myotis bechsteinii . Paunović, M. . 2019 . e.T14123A22053752.
13. Myotis myotis . Coroiu, I. . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14133A22051759.
14. daubentonii . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . Gazaryan, S. . amp . 2020 . e.T85342710A22054773.
15. Myotis emarginatus . Piraccini, R. . e.T14129A22051191 . 2016.
16. Myotis escalerai . amp . Ibáñez, C. . Juste, J. . 2017 . e.T85733126A85733299.
17. Myotis mystacinus . Coroiu, I.. 2016 . e.T14134A22052250.
18. Myotis nattereri . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T85733032A22052584.
19. Barbastella barbastellus . Piraccini, R. . e.T2553A22029285 . 2016.
20. Nyctalus lasiopterus . Hutson, A. M. . Alcaldé, J. T. . Juste, J. . Karataş, A. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2010 . e.T14918A4471682.
21. Nyctalus leisleri . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
22. Plecotus auritus . 2021 . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85535522A195861341.
23. Miniopterus schreibersii . 2021 . Gazaryan, S. . amp . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . 2020 . e.T81633057A19585652.
24. Tadarida teniotis . Benda, P. . Piraccini, R. . amp . e.T21311A22114995 . 2016.
25. Rhinolophus euryale . Juste, J. . Alcaldé, J. . amp . e.T19516A21971185 . 2016.
26. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
27. Rhinolophus hipposideros . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19518A21972794.
28. Rhinolophus mehelyi . Alcaldé, J. . Benda, P. . Juste, J. . amp . 2016 . e.T19519A21974380 . 2016.
29. Kogia breviceps . 2012 . 2012 . Taylor, B.L. . Baird, R. . Barlow, J. . Dawson, S.M. . Ford, J.K.B. . Mead, J.G. . Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. . Wade, P. . Pitman, R.L. . amp . e.T11047A17692192 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T11047A17692192.en .
30. Felis silvestris . Gerngross, P. . Ambarli, H. . Angelici, F.M. . Anile, S. . Campbell, R. . Ferreras de Andres, P. . Gil-Sanchez, J.M. . Götz, M. . Jerosch, S. . Mengüllüoglu, D. . Monterosso, P. . Zlatanova, D. . amp . e.T181049859A181050999 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . 2022 . 3 August 2022.
31. Lynx pardinus . Rodríguez, A. . Calzada, J. . amp . e.T12520A50655794 . 2015.
32. Genetta genetta . Gaubert, P. . Carvalho, F. . Camps, D. . Do Linh San, E. . amp . 2015 . e.T41698A45218636.
33. Herpestes ichneumon . Do Linh San, E. . Maddock, A.H. . Gaubert, P. . Palomares, F. . amp . 2016 . e.T41613A45207211.
34. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
35. Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
36. Lutra lutra . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . amp . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287.
37. Martes foina . 2016 . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Herrero, J. . Krantz, A. . Choudhury, A. . Maran, T. . amp . e.T29672A45202514.
38. Martes martes . Herrero, J. . amp . Kranz, A. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Maran, T. . Monakhov, V.G. . e.T12848A45199169 . 2016.
39. Meles meles . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. V. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . e.T29673A45203002.
40. Mustela erminea . Reid, F. . Helgen, K. . Kranz, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T29674A45203335.
41. Mustela nivalis . McDonald, R. A. . Abramov, A. V. . Stubbe, M. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . Tikhonov, A. . Cavallini, P. . Kranz, A. . Giannatos, G. . Kryštufek, B. . Reid, F. . amp . 2019 . e.T70207409A147993366.
42. Mustela putorius . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Herrero, J. . Kitchener, A. . Maran, T. . Kranz, A.. Sándor, A. . Stubbe, M. . Saveljev, A. . Savour-Soubelet, A. . Guinot-Ghestem, M. . Zuberogoitia, I. . Birks, J.D.S. . Weber, A. . Melisch, R. . Ruette, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T41658A45214384.
43. Neovison vison . amp . Reid, F. . Schiaffini, M. . Schipper, J. . e.T41661A45214988 . 2016.
44. Kovacs, K. . 2016 . Cystophora cristata . e.T6204A45225150.
45. Monachus monachus . Karamanlidis, A. . Dendrinos, P. . amp . e.T13653A45227543 . 2015.
46. Cervus elaphus . Lovari, S. . Lorenzini, R. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Carden, R.F. . Brook, S.M. . Mattioli, S. . amp . e.T55997072A142404453 . 2018.
47. Dama dama . Masseti, M. . Mertzanidou, D. . amp . 2008 . 2008 . e.T42188A10656554.
48. Capreolus capreolus . Lovari, S. . Herrero, J. . Masseti, M. . Ambarli, H. . Lorenzini, R. . Giannatos, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T42395A22161386.
49. Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
50. Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . e.T41688A121229971 . 2017.
51. Nyctalus noctula . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
52. Castor fiber . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136 .
53. The Iberian zebro: What kind of a beast was it? . 10.5252/az2015n1a2 . 2015 . Nores . Carlos . Muñiz . Arturo Morales . Rodríguez . Laura Llorente . Bennett . E. Andrew . Geigl . Eva-María . Anthropozoologica . 50 . 21–32 . 55004515 .
54. Pascual Barea, J. (2017). Equiferus hispanus o cebro ibérico: el caballo salvaje de la Península Ibérica desde la Antigüedad a época Moderna.
55. Pascual Barea, J. (2021). Equiferi y aquifolia: Cebros y acebos en la toponimia de la península ibérica.