List of mammals of Nepal explained
This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. | |
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Moschidae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Genus: Sus
- Wild boar, S. scrofa [20]
- Family: Tragulidae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Family: Hipposideridae (leaf nosed bats)
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Family: Molossidae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum [72]
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, R. lepidus [73] "
- Woolly horseshoe bat, R. luctus
- Big-eared horseshoe bat, R. macrotis [74]
- Pearson's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pearsoni
- Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus
- Rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi
- Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus
- Little Nepalese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus subbadius
- Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Equidae
- Family: Rhinocerotidae
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45kg (99lb).
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Antilope cervicapra . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . e.T1681A50181949.
- Bos gaurus . Duckworth, J. W. . Sankar, K. . Williams, A. C. . Samba Kumar, N. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T2891A46363646 . 2016.
- Bos mutus . Buzzard, P. . Berger, J. . amp . e.T2892A101293528 . 2016.
- Boselaphus tragocamelus . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . e.T2893A115064758.
- Bubalus arnee . Kaul, R. . Williams, A.C. . Steinmetz, R. . Mishra, R. . amp . 2019 . e.T3129A46364616.
- Capricornis sumatraensis . Phan, T.D. . Nijhawan, S. . Li, S. . Xiao, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T162916735A162916910.
- Hemitragus jemlahicus . amp . Ale, S.B. . Sathyakumar, S. . Forsyth, D.M. . Lingyun, X. . Bhatnagar, Y.V. . e.T9919A22152905 . 2020.
- Naemorhedus goral . Duckworth, J.W. . MacKinnon, J. . amp . e.T14296A4430073 . 2008.
- Ovis ammon . amp . Reading, R. . Michel, S. . Amgalanbaatar, S. . e.T15733A22146397 . 2020.
- Pseudois nayaur . Harris, R.B. . 2014 . e.T61513537A64313015.
- Tetracerus quadricornis . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2017 . e.T21661A50195368.
- Axis axis . Duckworth, J.W. . Kumar, N.S. . Anwarul Islam, M. . Sagar Baral, H. . Timmins, R. . e.T41783A22158006 . 2015.
- Timmins, R. . Duckworth, J.W. . Samba Kumar, N. . Anwarul Islam, M. . Sagar Baral, H. . Long, B. . Maxwell, A. . 2015 . Axis porcinus . 2015 . e.T41784A22157664 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41784A22157664.en . 11 November 2021.
- Muntiacus muntjak . Timmins, R. J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Hedges, S. . amp . e.T42190A56005589 . 2016.
- Rucervus duvaucelii . Duckworth, J. W. . Kumar, N.S. . Pokharel, C.P. . Baral, H. S. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T4257A22167675 . 2015.
- Rusa unicolor . Timmins, R.J. . Kawanishi, K. . Giman, B. . Lynam, A.J. . Chan, B. . Steinmetz, R. . Baral, H. S. . Samba Kumar, N. . 2015 . e.T41790A85628124.
- Moschus chrysogaster . Harris, R. . e.T13895A61977139 . 2016.
- Moschus fuscus . amp . Wang, Y. . Harris, R.B. . 2015 . e.T13896A61977357.
- Moschus leucogaster . Timmins, R. J. . Duckworth, J. W. . e.T13901A61977764 . 2015.
- Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
- Moschiola indica . amp . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . 2015 . e.T136585A61979067.
- Catopuma temminckii . McCarthy, J. . Dahal, S. . Dhendup, T. . Gray, T.N.E. . Mukherjee, S. . Rahman, H. . Riordan, P. . Boontua, N. . Wilcox, D. . amp . e.T4038A97165437 . 2015.
- Felis chaus . 2016 . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . Jathana, D. . Duckworth, J.W. . Baral, H. . Mukherjee, S. . amp . e.T8540A50651463.
- Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666 . 2015.
- Otocolobus manul . Ross, S. . Barashkova, A. . Dhendup, T. . Munkhtsog, B. . Smelansky, I. . Barclay, D. . Moqanaki, E. . amp . 2020 . e.T15640A180145377.
- Prionailurus bengalensis . amp . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Hearn, A. . Izawa, M. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Mukherjee, S. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Wilting, A. . e.T18146A50661611 . 2015.
- Prionailurus rubiginosus . Mukherjee . S. . Duckworth . J. W. . Silva . A. . Appel . A. . Kittle . A. . amp . 2016 . e.T18149A50662471 . 18 October 2018.
- Prionailurus viverrinus . Mukherjee, S. . Appel, A. . Duckworth, J. W. . Sanderson, J. . Dahal, S. . Willcox, D. H. A. . Herranz Muñoz, V. . Malla, G. . Ratnayaka, A. . Kantimahanti, M. . Thudugala, A. . Thaung, R. . Rahman, H. . 2016 . e.T18150A50662615.
- Neofelis nebulosa . Grassman, L. . Lynam, A. . Mohamad, S. . Duckworth, J. W. . Borah, J. . Willcox, D. . Ghimirey, Y. . Reza, A. . Rahman, H. . amp . 2016 . e.T14519A97215090.
- Panthera pardus . Stein, A.B. . Athreya, V. . Gerngross, P. . Balme, G. . Henschel, P. . Karanth, U. . Miquelle, D. . Rostro-Garcia, S. . Kamler, J. F. . Laguardia, A. . Khorozyan, I. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2019 . e.T15954A160698029.
- Panthera tigris . amp . Goodrich, J. . Lynam, A. . Miquelle, D. . Wibisono, H. . Kawanishi, K. . Pattanavibool, A. . Htun, S. . Tempa, T. . Karki, J. . Jhala, Y. . Karanth, U. . e.T15955A50659951 . 2015.
- Panthera uncia . amp . McCarthy, T. . Mallon, D. . Jackson, R. . Zahler, P. . McCarthy, K. . 2017 . e.T22732A50664030.
- Arctictis binturong . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chutipong, W. . Gray, T.N.E. . Cheyne, S. . Semiadi, G. . Rahman, H. . Coudrat, C.N.Z. . Jennings, A. . Ghimirey, Y. . Ross, J. . Fredriksson, G. . Tilker, A. . e.T41690A45217088 . 2016 . 13 January 2020.
- Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Mudappa, D. . Rahman, H. . Widmann, P. . Wilting, A. . Xu, W. . amp . e.T41693A45217835 . 2016.
- Paguma larvata . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Choudhury, A. . Mathai, J. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Ghimirey, Y. . Chan, B. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41692A45217601 . 2016.
- Viverra zibetha . Timmins, R.J. . Duckworth, J.W. . Chutipong, W. . Ghimirey, Y. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Long, B. . Choudhury, A. . amp . e.T41709A45220429 . 2016 . 29 October 2018.
- Viverricula indica . Choudhury, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Ghimirey, Y. . Mudappa, D. . amp . e.T41710A45220632 . 2015 . 29 October 2018.
- Prionodon pardicolor . Duckworth, J.W. . Lau, M. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Timmins, R.J. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chan, B. . Long, B. . Roberton, S. . amp . e.T41706A45219917 . 2016.
- Herpestes auropunctatus . Jennings, A. . Veron, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T70204120A70204139.
- Herpestes edwardsii . 2016 . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . e.T41611A45206787.
- Herpestes smithii . amp . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . 2016 . e.T41617A45208195.
- Herpestes urva . amp . Choudhury, A. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J. W. . Mudappa, D. . Willcox, D. H. A. . 2015 . e.T41618A86159618.
- Hyaena hyaena . AbiSaid, M. . Dloniak, S.M.D. . amp . 2015 . e.T10274A45195080.
- Ailurus fulgens . Glatston, A. . Wei, F. . Than Zaw . Sherpa, A. . amp . e.T714A110023718 . 2015.
- Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Jhala, Y. . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
- Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . Jhala, Y. . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
- Cuon alpinus . Kamler, J. F. . Songsasen, N. . Jenks, K. . Srivathsa, A. . Sheng, L. . Kunkel, K. . amp . e.T5953A72477893 . 2015.
- Vulpes bengalensis . Jhala, Y.V. . 2016 . e.T23049A81069636.
- Vulpes ferrilata . Harris, R. . 2014 . e.T23061A46179412.
- Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
- Melursus ursinus . Dharaiya, N. . Bargali, H. S. . Sharp, T. . 2020 . e.T13143A166519315.
- Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . 2017 . e.T41688A121229971.
- Ursus thibetanus . Garshelis, D. L. . Steinmetz, R. . amp . 2016 . e.T22824A114252336.
- Aonyx cinereus . Wright, L. . de Silva, P. . Chan, B. . Reza Lubis, I. . e.T44166A21939068 . 2015 . 29 October 2018.
- Lutrogale perspicillata . de Silva . P. . Khan . W.A. . Kanchanasaka . B. . Reza Lubis . I. . Feeroz . M. M. . Al-Sheikhly . O.F. . 2015 . e.T12427A21934884.
- Martes flavigula . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Abramov, A.V. . Roberton, S. . Long, B. . Rahman, H. . Hearn, A. . Dinets, V. . Willcox, D.H.A. . amp . e.T41649A45212973 . 2016.
- Mellivora capensis . Do Linh San, E. . Begg, C. . Begg, K. . Abramov, A. V. . amp . 2016 . e.T41629A45210107.
- Mustela altaica . Abramov, A. . 2016 . e.T41653A45213647.
- Mustela kathiah . Willcox, D.H.A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Abramov, A.V. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Chan, B. . Lau, M. . Roberton, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T41655A45214014.
- Mustela sibirica . Abramov, A. V. . Duckworth, J. W. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Timmins, R.J. . Ghimirey, Y. . Chan, B. . Dinets, V. . amp . e.T41659A45214744 . 2016.
- Smith, B.D. . Braulik, G.T. . Sinha, R. . 2012 . Platanista gangetica ssp. gangetica . 2012 . e.T41756A17627639 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41756A17627639.en . 11 November 2021.
- Cynopterus brachyotis . amp . Csorba . G. . Bumrungsri . S. . Bates . P. . Gumal . M. . Kingston . T. . Molur . S. . Srinivasulu . C. . 2019 . e.T6103A22113381.
- Molur, S. . Srinivasulu, C. . Bates, P. . Francis, C. . 2008 . Pteropus giganteus . 2008 . e.T18725A8511108 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18725A8511108.en . 1 July 2024.
- Sphaerias blanfordi . amp . Bates . P. . Bumrungsri . S.. Csorba. G.. Francis. C. . 2008 . e.T20521A9210732.
- Hipposideros cineraceus . amp . Douangboubpha. B.. Srinivasulu. B.. Srinivasulu. C. . 2019 . e.T10119A22093106.
- daubentonii . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . Gazaryan, S. . amp . 2020 . e.T85342710A22054773.
- Myotis formosus . Huang, J.C.-C. . Csorba, G. . Chang, H.-C . Ho, Y.-Y. . amp . 2020 . e.T85736120A95642290.
- Arielulus circumdatus . amp . Bates. P.. Bumrungsri. S.. Francis. C.. Csorba. G.. Walston. J.. Molur. S.. Srinivasulu. C.. Kruskop . S.V. . 2019 . e.T41534A22005596.
- Molur. S.. Srinivasulu. C.. Bates. P.. 2016. Eptesicus tatei . e.T7942A22119447.
- Ia io . amp . Jiang, T.L. . Feng, J. . 2020 . e.T10755A21993508.
- Miniopterus schreibersii . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . 2020 . e.T81633057A151216401.
- Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
- Rhinolophus lepidus . Srinivasulu, B. . Csorba, G. . Srinivasulu, C. . amp . 2019 . e.T19547A21977419.
- Rhinolophus macrotis . Tu . V. . Csorba . G. . Srinivasulu . C. . amp . 2019 . e.T19550A21978583.
- Caprolagus hispidus . Aryal, A. . Yadav, B. . amp . e.T3833A45176688 . 2019.
- Lepus nigricollis . Nameer, P.O. . Smith, A.T. . amp . e.T41282A45188041 . 2019.
- Lepus oiostolus . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . amp . e.T41283A45188432 . 2019.
- Equus kiang . amp . Shah, N. . St. Louis, A. . Qureshi, Q. . 2015 . e.T7953A45171635.
- Rhinoceros unicornis . Talukdar, B. K. . Emslie, R. . Bist, S. S. . Choudhury, A. . Ellis, S. . Bonal, B. S. . Malakar, M. C. . Talukdar, B. N. . Barua, M. . e.T19496A8928657 . 2008.
- Macaca assamensis . Boonratana, R. . Chalise, M. . Das, J. . Htun, S. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T12549A3354977 . 2008.
- Macaca mulatta . Timmins, R. J. . Richardson, M. . Chhangani, A. . Yongcheng, L. . e.T12554A3356486 . 2008.
- Semnopithecus hector . amp . Molur, S. . Chhangani, A. . e.T39837A10274974 . 2008.
- Semnopithecus schistaceus . Kumar, A. . Yongzu, Z. . Molur, S. . amp . e.T39840A10275563 . 2008.
- Elephas maximus . amp . Williams, C. . Tiwari, S.K. . Goswami, V.R. . de Silva, S. . Easa, P.S. . Kumar, A. . Baskaran, N. . Yoganand, K. . Menon, V. . e.T7140A45818198 . 2020.
- Hystrix brachyura . Lunde, D. . Aplin, K. . Molur, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T10749A11509929.
- Hystrix indica . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. J. . 2016 . e.T10751A115099509.
- Callosciurus pygerythrus . Duckworth, J. W. . 2016 . e.T3604A22253451.
- Marmota himalayana . 2017 . Shrestha, T. . 2016 . e.T12826A115106426.
- Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . 2016 . 2017 . Rattus pyctoris . 2016 . e.T19370A115150159 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19370A22445185.en . 1 July 2024.
- Suncus murinus . Hutterer, R. . Molur, S. . Heaney, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T41440A22287830.
- Manis crassicaudata . amp . Mahmood, T. . Challender, D. . Khatiwada, A. . Andleeb, S. . Perera, P. . Trageser, S. . Ghose, A. . Mohapatra, R. . e.T12761A123583998 . 2019.
- Manis pentadactyla . amp . Challender, D. . Wu, S. . Kaspal, P. . Khatiwada, A. . Ghose, A. . Ching-Min Su, N. . Laxmi Suwal, T. . e.T12764A123585318 . 2019.
- Pantholops hodgsonii . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. e.T15967A50192544. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15967A50192544.en. 2016.
- Porcula salvania . Meijaard, E. . Narayan, G. . Deka, P. . amp . e.T21172A44139115 . 2019.
