List of mammals of Malaysia explained
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Malaysia. There are 313 mammal species in Malaysia, of which six are critically endangered, seventeen are endangered, twenty-eight are vulnerable, and one is near threatened. Every mammal in Malaysia belongs to the subclass Theria, and the infraclass Eutheria, as all are placental mammals. They are listed below by the order which they belong to.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. | |
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal.
The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia.
Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45kg (99lb).
Eulipotyphla (shrews, moles, and hedgehogs)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Large-footed bat, Myotis adversus
- Hodgson's bat, M. formosus [28]
- Gomantong myotis, Myotis gomantongensis DD
- Lesser large-footed bat, Myotis hasseltii
- Horsfield's bat, Myotis horsfieldii
- Pallid large-footed myotis, Myotis macrotarsus
- Burmese whiskered bat, Myotis montivagus
- Whiskered myotis, Myotis muricola
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus [29]
- Ridley's bat, Myotis ridleyi
- Himalayan whiskered bat, Myotis siligorensis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Subfamily: Murininae
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Family: Emballonuridae
- Family: Nycteridae
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Acuminate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus acuminatus
- Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis
- Arcuate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus arcuatus
- Bornean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus borneensis
- Croslet horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus coelophyllus
- Convex horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus convexus
- Creagh's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus creaghi
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus
- Woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus luctus
- Big-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus macrotis
- Malayan horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus malayanus
- Marshall's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus marshalli
- Smaller horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus
- Pearson's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pearsoni
- Large-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus philippinensis
- Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sedulus
- Shamel's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus shameli
- Lesser brown horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus stheno
- Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Aselliscus
- Genus: Coelops
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger
- Dusky roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ater
- Bicolored roundleaf bat, Hipposideros bicolor
- Fawn leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros cervinus
- Ashy roundleaf bat, Hipposideros cineraceus
- Cox's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros coxi VU
- Diadem roundleaf bat, Hipposideros diadema
- Borneo roundleaf bat, Hipposideros doriae DD
- Dayak roundleaf bat, Hipposideros dyacorum
- Cantor's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros galeritus
- Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus
- Large Asian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lekaguli
- Shield-faced roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lylei
- Malayan roundleaf bat, Hipposideros nequam
- Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona
- Pratt's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pratti
- Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros ridleyi VU
Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- SubMysticeti
- SubOdontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Tragulidae
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
Extirpated
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
See also
External links
- Web site: Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.
Notes and References
- This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- Elephas maximus . amp . Williams, C. . Tiwari, S.K. . Goswami, V.R. . de Silva, S. . Easa, P.S. . Kumar, A. . Baskaran, N. . Yoganand, K. . Menon, V. . e.T7140A45818198 . 2020.
- Marsh, H. . Sobtzick, S. . amp . Dugong dugon . 2019 . e.T6909A160756767.
- Dendrogale melanura . Gerrie, R. . Kennerley, R. . amp . e.T6405A12739829 . 2019.
- Tupaia belangeri . Han, K. H. . Duckworth, J. W. . Molur, S. . amp . e.T41492A22280884 . 2016.
- Tupaia dorsalis . Gerrie, R. . Kennerley, R. . amp . e.T41493A22280298 . 2019.
- Tupaia glis . Sargis, E. . Kennerley, R. . amp . 2017 . e.T111872341A123796056.
- Tupaia gracilis . Han, K. H. . Stuebing, R. . amp . 2016 . e.T41495A115189017.
- Tupaia longipes . Sargis, E. . amp . Kennerley, R. . 2017 . e.T111871214A123798768.
- Tupaia minor . Cassola, F. . e.T41497A22279656 . 2016.
- Tupaia montana . Cassola, F. . e.T41498A22279521 . 2016.
- Tupaia picta . Cassola, F. . e.T41499A22279973 . 2016.
- Tupaia tana . Cassola, F. . e.T41501A22279356 . 2016.
- Cassola, F. . Ptilocercus lowii . e.T41491A22278277 . 2016.
- Nycticebus coucang . Nekaris, K.A.I. . amp . Poindexter, S. . Streicher, U. . 2020 . e.T163017685A17970966.
- Macaca arctoides . Chetry, D. . Long, Y. . Htun, S. . Timmins, R.J. . Boonratana, R. . amp . Das, J. . e.T12548A17949098 . 2020.
- Macaca fascicularis . Eudey, A. . Kumar, A. . Singh, M. . Boonratana, R. . amp . 2020 . e.T12551A17949449.
- Nasalis larvatus . Boonratana, R. . Cheyne, S.M. . Traeholt, C. . Nijman, V. . Supriatna, J. . amp . e.T14352A17945165 . 2020.
- Trachypithecus obscurus . amp . Boonratana, R. . Ang, A. . Traeholt, C. . Thant, N.M.L. . e.T22039A17960562 . 2020.
- Pongo pygmaeus . Ancrenaz, M. . Gumal, M. . Marshall, A. . Meijaard, E. . Wich, S.A. . Hussons, S.J.. amp . e.T17975A17966347 . 2016.
- Hystrix brachyura . Lunde, D. . Aplin, K. . Molur, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T10749A11509929.
- Hawkins. Melissa T.R.. Helgen. Kristofer M.. Maldonado. Jesus E.. Rockwood. Larry L.. Tsuchiya. Mirian T.N.. Leonard. Jennifer A.. January 2016. Phylogeny, biogeography and systematic revision of plain long-nosed squirrels (genus Dremomys, Nannosciurinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94. Pt B. 752–764. 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.023. 26524259. 1055-7903. free. 2016MolPE..94..752H .
- Hinckley. Arlo. Hawkins. Melissa T. R.. Achmadi. Anang S.. Maldonado. Jesús E.. Leonard. Jennifer A.. 2020. Ancient Divergence Driven by Geographic Isolation and Ecological Adaptation in Forest Dependent Sundaland Tree Squirrels. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. English. 8. 10.3389/fevo.2020.00208. 2296-701X. free. 10261/218047. free.
- den Tex. Robert-Jan. Thorington. Richard. Maldonado. Jesus E.. Leonard. Jennifer A.. May 2010. Speciation dynamics in the SE Asian tropics: Putting a time perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of Sundaland tree squirrels, Sundasciurus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55. 2. 711–720. 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.023. 20040379. 2010MolPE..55..711D . 1055-7903. 10261/61674. free.
- Rattus norvegicus . Ruedas, L. . 2016 . e.T19353A165118026.
- Suncus murinus . Hutterer, R. . Molur, S. . Heaney, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T41440A22287830.
- Cynopterus brachyotis . amp . Csorba . G. . S. . Bumrungsri . Bates . P. . Gumal . M. . Kingston . T. . Molur . S. . Srinivasulu . C. . 2019 . e.T6103A22113381.
- Myotis formosus . Huang, J.C.-C. . Csorba, G. . Chang, H.-C . Ho, Y.-Y. . amp . 2020 . e.T85736120A95642290.
- Myotis mystacinus . Coroiu, I.. 2016 . e.T14134A22052250.
- Nyctalus noctula . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
- Miniopterus schreibersii . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . 2020 . e.T81633057A151216401.
- Manis javanica . Challender, D.. Willcox, D.H.A.. Panjang, E.. Lim, N.. Nash, H. . Heinrich, S. . Chong, J. . amp . 2019 . e.T12763A123584856.
- Balaenoptera acutorostrata . Cooke, J.G. . 2018 . e.T2474A50348265.
- Kogia breviceps . 2012 . Taylor, B.L. . Baird, R. . Barlow, J. . Dawson, S.M. . Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. . amp . e.T11047A17692192.
- Orcaella brevirostris . Minton, G. . Smith, B. D. . Braulik, G. T. . Kreb, D. . Sutaria, D. & Reeves, R. . 2017 . e.T15419A123790805.
- Orcinus orca . Reeves, R. . Pitman, R.L. . Ford, J.K.B. . amp . 2017 . e.T15421A50368125.
- Catopuma badia . Hearn, A. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Loken, B. . Ross, J. . Wilting, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T4037A112910221.
- Catopuma temminckii . McCarthy, J. . Dahal, S. . Dhendup, T. . Gray, T.N.E. . Mukherjee, S. . Rahman, H. . Riordan, P. . Boontua, N. . Wilcox, D. . amp . e.T4038A97165437 . 2015.
- Pardofelis marmorata . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Datta, A. . Hearn, A. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Singh, P. . Wilting, A. . e.T16218A97164299 . 2016.
- Prionailurus bengalensis . amp . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Hearn, A. . Izawa, M. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Mukherjee, S. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Wilting, A. . e.T18146A50661611 . 2015.
- Prionailurus planiceps . amp . Wilting, A. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Hearn, A. . Lynam, A. . Mathai, J. . McCarthy, J. . Meijaard, E. . Mohamed, A. . Ross, J. . Sunarto, S. . Traeholt, C. . e.T18148A50662095 . 2015.
- Neofelis diardi . amp . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Haidir, I. A. . Loken, B. . Mathai, J. . Wilting, A. . McCarthy, J. . 2016 . e.T136603A97212874.
- Neofelis nebulosa . Grassman, L. . Lynam, A. . Mohamad, S. . Duckworth, J. W. . Borah, J. . Willcox, D. . Ghimirey, Y. . Reza, A. . Rahman, H. . amp . 2016 . e.T14519A97215090.
- Panthera pardus . 2016 . amp . Stein, A. B. . Athreya, V. . Gerngross, P. . Balme, G. . Henschel, P. . Karanth, U. . Miquelle, D. . Rostro, S. . Kamler, J.F. . Laguardia, A. . e.T15954A160698029.
- Panthera tigris . amp . Goodrich, J. . Lynam, A. . Miquelle, D. . Wibisono, H. . Kawanishi, K. . Pattanavibool, A. . Htun, S. . Tempa, T. . Karki, J. . . Karanth, U. . e.T15955A50659951 . 2015.
- Arctictis binturong . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chutipong, W. . Gray, T.N.E. . Cheyne, S. . Semiadi, G. . Rahman, H. . Coudrat, C.N.Z. . Jennings, A. . Ghimirey, Y. . Ross, J. . Fredriksson, G. . Tilker, A. . e.T41690A45217088 . 2016.
- Arctogalidia trivirgata . Willcox, D.H.A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Choudhury, A. . Roberton, S. . Long, B. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41691A45217378 . 2016.
- Paguma larvata . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Choudhury, A. . Mathai, J. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Ghimirey, Y. . Chan, B. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41692A45217601 . 2016.
- Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Mudappa, D. . Rahman, H. . Widmann, P. . Wilting, A. . Xu, W. . amp . e.T41693A45217835 . 2016.
- Cynogale bennettii . Ross, J. . Wilting, A. . Ngoprasert, D. . Loken, B. . Hedges, L. . Duckworth, J.W. . Cheyne, S. . Brodie, J. . Chutipong, W. . Hearn, A. . Linkie, M. . McCarthy, J. . Tantipisanuh, N. . amp . Haidir, I.A. . e.T6082A45197343 . 2015.
- Diplogale hosei . Mathai, J. . Duckworth, J.W. . Wilting, A. . Hearn, A. . Brodie, J. . amp . e.T6635A45197564 . 2015.
- Hemigalus derbyanus . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Chutipong, W. . Hedges, L. . Hearn, A. . Linkie, M. . Loken, B. . Mathai, J. . McCarthy, J. . Ngoprasert, D. . Tantipisanuh, N. . Wilting, A. . Haidir, I.A. . amp . e.T41689A45216918 . 2015.
- Prionodon linsang . Duckworth, J.W. . Mathai, J. . Chutipong, W. . Brodie, J. . Wilting, A. . amp . e.T41705A45219711 . 2016.
- Viverra megaspila . amp . Timmins, R. . Duckworth, J.W. . WWF-Malaysia . Roberton, S. . Gray, T.N.E. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chutipong, W. . Long, B. . e.T41707A45220097 . 2016.
- Viverra tangalunga . Duckworth, J.W. . Mathai, J. . Wilting, A. . Holden, J. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41708A45220284 . 2016.
- Viverra zibetha . Timmins, R.J. . Duckworth, J.W. . Chutipong, W. . Ghimirey, Y. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Long, B. . Choudhury, A. . amp . e.T41709A45220429 . 2016.
- Viverricula indica . Choudhury, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Ghimirey, Y. . Mudappa, D. . amp . e.T41710A45220632 . 2015.
- Herpestes brachyurus . amp . Duckworth, J. W. . Mathai, J. . Ross, J. . Wilting, A. . 2016 . e.T41610A45206655.
- Herpestes javanicus . amp . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J. W. . Timmins, R. . Willcox, D. H. A. . Ario, A. . 2016 . e.T70203940A45207619.
- Herpestes semitorquatus . amp . Mathai, J. . Hearn, A. . Brodie, J. . Wilting, A. . Duckworth, J. W. . Ross, J. . Holden, J. . Gemita, E. . Hon, J. . 2015 . e.T41616A45208027.
- Herpestes urva . amp . Choudhury, A. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J. W. . Mudappa, D. . Willcox, D. H. A. . 2015 . e.T41618A86159618.
- Cuon alpinus . Kamler, J. F. . Songsasen, N. . Jenks, K. . Srivathsa, A. . Sheng, L. . Kunkel, K. . amp . e.T5953A72477893 . 2015.
- Helarctos malayanus . Scotson, L. . amp . Fredriksson, G. . Augeri, D. . Cheah, C. . Ngoprasert, D. . Wai-Ming, W. . 2017 . e.T9760A123798233.
- Aonyx cinereus . Wright, L. . de Silva, P. . Chan, B. . Reza Lubis, I. . amp . e.T44166A21939068 . 2015 . 29 October 2018.
- Lutra sumatrana . Aadrean . A. . Kanchanasaka . B. . Heng . S. . Reza Lubis . I. . de Silva . P. . Olsson . A. . amp . 2015 . e.T12421A21936999.
- Lutrogale perspicillata . de Silva . P. . Khan . W.A. . Kanchanasaka . B. . Reza Lubis . I. . Feeroz . M. M. . Al-Sheikhly . O.F. . amp . 2015 . e.T12427A21934884.
- Martes flavigula . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Abramov, A.V. . Roberton, S. . Long, B. . Rahman, H. . Hearn, A. . Dinets, V. . Willcox, D.H.A. . amp . e.T41649A45212973 . 2016.
- Melogale everetti . Wilting, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . e.T13110A45199541 . amp . 2015.
- Mustela nudipes . Duckworth, J. W. . Chutipong, W. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . amp . 2015 . e.T41657A45214257.
- Mydaus javanensis . Wilting, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Meijaard, E. . Ross, J. . Hearn, A. . Ario, A. . amp . 2015 . e.T41628A45209955.
- Tapirus indicus . Traeholt, C. . Novarino, W. . bin Saaban, S. . Shwe, N.M. . Lynam, A. . Zainuddin, Z. . Simpson, B. . bin Mohd, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T21472A45173636.
- Rusa unicolor . amp . Timmins, R.J. . Kawanishi, K. . Giman, B. . Lynam, A.J. . Chan, B. . Steinmetz, R. . Baral, H. S. . Samba Kumar, N. . 2015 . e.T41790A85628124.
- Muntiacus muntjak . Timmins, R. J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Hedges, S. . amp . e.T42190A56005589 . 2016.
- Bos gaurus . Duckworth, J. W. . Sankar, K. . Williams, A. C. . Samba Kumar, N. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T2891A46363646 . 2016.
- Bos javanicus . amp . Gardner, P. . Hedges, S. . Pudyatmoko, S. . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . 2016 . e.T2888A46362970.
- Capricornis sumatraensis . Phan, T.D. . Nijhawan, S. . Li, S. . Xiao, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T162916735A162916910.
- Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
- Bubalus arnee . Kaul, R. . Williams, A.C. . rithe, k. . Steinmetz, R. . Mishra, R. . amp . 2019 . e.T3129A46364616.
- Dicerorhinus sumatrensis . Ellis, S. . Talukdar, B. . amp . e.T6553A18493355 . 2020.
- Rhinoceros sondaicus . amp . Ellis, S. . Talukdar, B. . 2020 . e.T19495A18493900.
