List of mammals of Kazakhstan explained

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has 124 mammal species, of which one is critically endangered, five are endangered, 12 are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One of the species listed for Kazakhstan can no longer be found in the wild.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Wapiti, C. canadensis ^[2]
    - Central Asian red deer C. hanglu ^[3]
      - Bactrian deer, C. h. bactrianus^[3]
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
  - Genus: Alces
    - Moose, A. alces ^[4]
  - Genus: Capreolus
    - Siberian roe deer, C. pygargus
Family: Moschidae (musk deer)
- Genus: Moschus
  - Siberian musk deer, M. moschiferus
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
  - Genus: Gazella
    - Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa ^[5]
  - Genus: Saiga
    - Saiga antelope, S. tatarica ^[6]
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Capra
    - Siberian ibex, C. sibrica
  - Genus: Ovis
    - Argali, O. ammon ^[7]
    - Urial, O. vignei ^[8]
Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Wild boar, S. scrofa ^[9]

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
  - Genus: Caracal
    - Caracal, C. caracal ^[10]
  - Genus: Felis
    - Jungle cat, F. chaus ^[11]
    - African wildcat, F. lybica ^[12]
      - Asiatic wildcat, F. l. ornata
    - Sand cat, F. margarita ^[13]
  - Genus: Lynx
    - Eurasian lynx, L. lynx ^[14]
  - Genus: Otocolobus
    - Pallas's cat, O. manul ^[15]
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
  - Genus: Panthera
    - Leopard, P. pardus vagrant
      - P. p. tulliana vagrant^[16] ^[17]
    - Snow leopard, P. uncia ^[18]
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
  - Golden jackal, C. aureus ^[19]
  - Gray wolf, C. lupus ^[20]
- Genus: Vulpes
  - Corsac fox, V. corsac ^[21]
  - Red fox, V. vulpes ^[22]
Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
  - Brown bear, U. arctos ^[23]
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
  - European otter, L. lutra ^[24]
- Genus: Martes
  - Beech marten, M. foina ^[25]
  - European pine marten, M. martes ^[26]
  - Sable, M. zibellina
- Genus: Meles
  - Asian badger, M. leucurus ^[27]
- Genus: Mellivora
  - Honey badger, M. capensis ^[28]
- Genus: Mustela
  - Mountain weasel, M. altaica ^[29]
  - Stoat, M. erminea ^[30]
  - Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii ^[31]
  - Least weasel, M. nivalis ^[32]
- Genus: Vormela
  - Marbled polecat, V. peregusna ^[33]
Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Pusa
  - Caspian seal, P. caspica

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
  - Genus: Myotis
    - Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii ^[34]
    - Brandt's bat, M. brandti ^[35]
    - Pond bat, M. dasycneme ^[36]
    - Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus ^[37]
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
  - Genus: Eptesicus
    - Bobrinski's serotine, Eptesicus bobrinskoi LC
    - Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC
  - Genus: Hypsugo
    - Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii ^[38]
  - Genus: Nyctalus
    - Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus ^[39]
    - Lesser noctule, N. leisleri ^[40]
    - Common noctule, N. noctula ^[41]
  - Genus: Pipistrellus
    - Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
    - Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
  - Genus: Plecotus
    - Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus LC
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
  - Genus: Rhinolophus
    - Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum ^[42]
    - Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros ^[43]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
  - Genus: Paraechinus
    - Brandt's hedgehog, P. hypomelas

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (hares and rabbits)
- Genus: Lepus
  - European hare, L. europaeus ^[44]
  - Mountain hare, L. timidus ^[45]
  - Tolai hare, L. tolai ^[46]
Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
  - Alpine pika, O. alpina
  - Large-eared pika, O. macrotis
  - Steppe pika, O. pusilla
  - Turkestan red pika, O. rutila

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
- Genus: Equus
  - Wild horse E. ferus reintroduced
    - Tarpan, E. f. ferus
    - Przewalski's horse, E. f. przewalskii reintroduced^[47]
  - Onager, E. hemionus
    - Mongolian wild ass, E. h. hemionus
    - Turkmenian kulan, E. h. kulan

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .

Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
  - Indian crested porcupine, H. indica ^[48]
Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
  - Eurasian beaver, C. fiber ^[49]
Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Xerinae
  - Tribe: Xerini
    - Genus: Spermophilopsis
      - Long-clawed ground squirrel, Spermophilopsis leptodactylus LC
    - Tribe: Marmotini
      - Genus: Eutamias
        Siberian chipmunk, Eutamias sibiricus LC
      - Genus: Marmota
        Gray marmot, Marmota baibacina Lc
        
        Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak LC
        
        Menzbier's marmot, Marmota menzbieri VU
      - Genus: Spermophilus
        Red-cheeked ground squirrel, Spermophilus erythrogenys LC
        
        Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus LC
        
        Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major LC
        
        Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus LC
        
        Tien Shan ground squirrel, Spermophilus relictus LC
        
        Long-tailed ground squirrel, Spermophilus undulatus LC
Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
  - Genus: Dryomys
    - Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
  - Genus: Selevinia
    - Desert dormouse, Selevinia betpakdalaensis EN
Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
  - Genus: Allactaga
    - Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC
    - Great jerboa, Allactaga major LC
    - Severtzov's jerboa, Allactaga severtzovi LC
    - Mongolian five-toed jerboa, Allactaga sibirica LC
    - Vinogradov's jerboa, Allactaga vinogradovi LC
  - Genus: Pygeretmus
    - Lesser fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus platyurus LC
    - Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio LC
    - Greater fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus shitkovi LC
- Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
  - Genus: Cardiocranius
    - Five-toed pygmy jerboa, Cardiocranius paradoxus VU
  - Genus: Salpingotus
    - Thick-tailed pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus crassicauda VU
    - Heptner's pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus heptneri LC
    - Pallid pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus pallidus LC
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
  - Genus: Dipus
    - Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta LC
  - Genus: Eremodipus
    - Lichtenstein's jerboa, Eremodipus lichtensteini LC
  - Genus: Paradipus
    - Comb-toed jerboa, Paradipus ctenodactylus LC
  - Genus: Stylodipus
    - Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum LC
- Subfamily: Sicistinae
  - Genus: Sicista
    - Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LC
    - Altai birch mouse, Sicista napaea LC
    - Gray birch mouse, Sicista pseudonapaea DD
    - Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis LC
    - Tien Shan birch mouse, Sicista tianschanica LC
Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Myospalacinae
  - Genus: Myospalax
    - Siberian zokor, Myospalax myospalax LC
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
  - Genus: Spalax
    - Giant mole-rat, Spalax giganteus VU
Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
  - Genus: Allocricetulus
    - Eversmann's hamster, Allocricetulus eversmanni LC
  - Genus: Cricetulus
    - Long-tailed dwarf hamster, Cricetulus longicaudatus LC
      - Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC
    - Genus: Cricetus
      - European hamster, C. cricetus ^[50]
    - Genus: Phodopus
      - Roborovski hamster, Phodopus roborovskii LC
      - Winter white Russian dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus LC
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
  - Genus: Alticola
    - Flat-headed vole, Alticola strelzowi LC
    - Genus: Clethrionomys
      - Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
      - Northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus LC
    - Genus: Ellobius
      - Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus LC
      - Zaisan mole vole, Ellobius tancrei LC
    - Genus: Eolagurus
      - Yellow steppe lemming, Eolagurus luteus LC
    - Genus: Lagurus
      - Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LC
    - Genus: Microtus
      - Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
      - Tien Shan vole, Microtus kirgisorum LC
      - Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
      - Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Meriones
  - Libyan jird, Meriones libycus LC
  - Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LC
  - Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus LC
- Genus: Rhombomys
  - Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus LC
- Subfamily: Murinae
  - Genus: Apodemus
    - Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
  - Genus: Rattus
    - Brown rat, R. norvegicus introduced^[51]

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Lesser rock shrew, Crocidura serezkyensis LC
    - Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens ^[52]
  - Genus: Diplomesodon
    - Piebald shrew, Diplomesodon pulchellum LC
  - Genus: Suncus
    - Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Tribe: Nectogalini
    - Genus: Neomys
      - Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
  - Tribe: Soricini
    - Genus: Sorex
      - Tien Shan shrew, Sorex asper LC
      - Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens LC
      - Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
  - Tribe: Desmanini
    - Genus: Desmana
      - Russian desman, Desmana moschata VU

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus^[53]
Wild Bactrian camel, Camelus ferus^[54]
Dhole, Cuon alpinus^[55]
European mink, Mustela lutreola^[56]
Tiger, Panthera tigris^[57]
Mongolian gazelle, Procapra gutturosa^[58]

External links

Web site: Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.

Notes and References

This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 CE). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
Brook, S.M. . Pluháček, J. . Lorenzini, R. . Lovari, S. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Mattioli, S. . Cervus canadensis . 2019 . 2018 . e.T55997823A142396828 . 9 September 2020.
Cervus hanglu . amp . Brook, S.M. . Donnithorne-Tait, D. . Lorenzini, R. . Lovari, S. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Ahmad, K. . Thakur, M. . 2017 . e.T4261A120733024.
Alces alces . Hundertmark, K. . 2016 . e.T56003281A22157381.
Gazella subgutturosa . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . e.T8976A50187422 . 2017.
Saiga tatarica . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . e.T19832A50194357 . 2018.
Ovis ammon . amp . Reading, R. . Michel, S. . Amgalanbaatar, S. . e.T15733A22146397 . 2020.
Ovis vignei . Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. . 2020 . e.T54940655A54940728.
Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
Caracal caracal . Avgan, B. . Henschel, P. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T3847A102424310.
Felis chaus . 2016 . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . Jathana, D. . Duckworth, J.W. . Baral, H. . Mukherjee, S. . amp . e.T8540A50651463.
Felis lybica . amp . Ghoddousi, A. . Belbachir, F. . Durant, S.M. . Herbst, M. . Rosen, T. . 2022 . e.T131299383A154907281 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
Felis margarita . Sliwa, A. . Ghadirian, T. . Appel, A. . Banfield, L. . Sher Shah, M. . Wacher, T. . amp . e.T8541A50651884 . 2016.
Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666 . 2015.
Otocolobus manul . Ross, S. . Barashkova, A. . Dhendup, T. . Munkhtsog, B. . Smelansky, I. . Barclay, D. . Moqanaki, E. . amp . 2020 . e.T15640A180145377.
Shakula, V. . 2004 . First record of leopard (Panthera pardus) in Kazakhstan . Cat News . 41 . 11–12.
Pestov, M. V. . Nurmukhambetov, Z. E. . Mukhashov, A. T. . Terentyev, V. A. . Rosen, T. . amp . 2019 . First camera trap record of Persian leopard in Ustyurt State Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan . Cat News . 69 . 14–16.
Panthera uncia . amp . McCarthy, T. . Mallon, D. . Jackson, R. . Zahler, P. . McCarthy, K. . 2017 . e.T22732A50664030.
Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
Vulpes corsac . Murdoch, J.D. . 2014 . e.T23051A59049446.
Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . 2017 . e.T41688A121229971.
Lutra lutra . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . amp . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287.
Martes foina . 2016 . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Herrero, J. . Krantz, A. . Choudhury, A. . Maran, T. . amp . e.T29672A45202514.
Martes martes . Herrero, J. . amp . Kranz, A. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Maran, T. . Monakhov, V.G. . e.T12848A45199169 . 2016.
Meles leucurus . Abramov, A. . 2016 . e.T136385A45221149.
Mellivora capensis . Do Linh San, E. . Begg, C. . Begg, K. . Abramov, A. V. . amp . 2016 . e.T41629A45210107.
Mustela altaica . Abramov, A. . 2016 . e.T41653A45213647.
Mustela erminea . Reid, F. . Helgen, K. . Kranz, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T29674A45203335.
Mustela eversmanii . Maran, T. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov A. V. . Kranz, A. . amp . e.T29679A45203762 . 2016.
Mustela nivalis . McDonald, R. A. . Abramov, A. V. . Stubbe, M. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . Tikhonov, A. . Cavallini, P. . Kranz, A. . Giannatos, G. . Kryštufek, B. . Reid, F. . amp . 2019 . e.T70207409A147993366.
Vormela peregusna . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . e.T29680A45203971.
Myotis blythii . amp . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14124A22053297.
Myotis brandtii . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85566997A22054468.
Myotis dasycneme . Piraccini, R. . e.T14127A22055164 . 2016.
Myotis emarginatus . Piraccini, R. . e.T14129A22051191 . 2016.
Hypsugo savii . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunovic, M. . Karatas, A. . amp . 2010 . e.T44856A10955205.
Nyctalus lasiopterus . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Alcaldé, J. T. . Juste, J. . Karataş, A. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunović, M. . 2010 . e.T14918A4471682.
Nyctalus leisleri . amp . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
Nyctalus noctula . amp . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
Rhinolophus hipposideros . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19518A21972794.
Lepus europaeus . amp . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424.
Lepus timidus . amp . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . 2019 . e.T11791A45177198.
Lepus tolai . amp . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . e.T41308A45193447 . 2019.
Web site: May 10, 2018. Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity. 21 March 2021. Horsetalk.
Hystrix indica . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. J. . amp . 2016 . e.T10751A115099509.
Castor fiber . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136.
Cricetus cricetus . amp . Banaszek, A. . Bogomolov, P. . Feoktistova, N. . La Haye, M. . Monecke, S. . Reiners, T. E. . Rusin, M. . Surov, A. . Weinhold, U. . Ziomek, J. . 2020 . e.T5529A111875852.
Rattus norvegicus . Ruedas, L. . 2016 . e.T19353A165118026.
Crocidura suaveolens . Hutterer, R. . Amori, G. . Krystufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L.J. . amp . 2010 . e.T29656A9511068.
Acinonyx jubatus . Durant, S. . Mitchell, N. . Ipavec, A. . Groom, R. . amp . 2015 . e.T219A50649567.
Camelus ferusa . Hare, J. . 2008 . e.T63543A126892852.
Cuon alpinus . Kamler, J. F. . Songsasen, N. . Jenks, K. . Srivathsa, A. . Sheng, L. . Kunkel, K. . amp . e.T5953A72477893 . 2015.
Mustela lutreola . Maran, T. . Aulagnier, S. . Libois, R. . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. . Wozencraft, C. . amp . 2010 . e.T14018A4381596.
Panthera tigris . amp . Goodrich, J. . Lynam, A. . Miquelle, D. . Wibisono, H. . Kawanishi, K. . Pattanavibool, A. . Htun, S. . Tempa, T. . Karki, J. . Jhala, Y. . Karanth, U. . e.T15955A50659951 . 2015.
Procapra gutturosa . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . e.T18232A115142812.