List of mammals of Great Britain explained

This is a list of mammals of Great Britain. The diversity of mammal fauna of Great Britain is somewhat impoverished compared to that of Continental Europe, due to the short period of time between the last ice age and the flooding of the land bridge between Great Britain and the rest of Europe. Only those land species which crossed before the creation of the English Channel and those introduced by humans exist in Great Britain.

Native (usually synonymous with "indigenous") species are considered to be species which are today present in the region in question, and have been continuously present in that region since a certain period of time. When applied to Great Britain, three possible definitions of this time constraint are:

This list includes mammals from the small islands around Great Britain and the Channel Islands. There are no endemic mammal species in Great Britain, although four distinct subspecies of rodents have arisen on small islands.

The following tags are used to highlight the conservation status of each species' British population, as assessed by Natural England and The Mammal Society in a Regional Red List, following the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

ExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
Extinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalised population well outside its previous range.
Critically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
Near threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to in the future.
Least concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
Data deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Diprotodonts

Order: Diprotodontia

Although marsupials are primarily found in the Australian region, the red-necked wallaby has been introduced to parts of Great Britain. Feral populations breed on the island of Inchconnachan on Loch Lomond in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, and on the Isle of Man. Other colonies have existed in Devon, the Peak District, and the Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, and although these are now believed to be locally extinct, occasional sightings continue.[1] [2] [3] Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos, wallabies, and kin)

Rodents

Order: Rodentia

Rodents are the largest order of mammals, comprising 40% of all species. They are characterised by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws and are native to almost all major landmasses on Earth.

Family: Castoridae (beavers)

Family: Cricetidae (hamsters, voles, and kin)

Family: Muridae (mice, rats, and kin)

Family: Gliridae (dormice)

Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)

Lagomorphs

Order: Lagomorpha

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Although they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits and hares)

Eulipotyphlans

Order: Eulipotyphla

The order Eulipotyphla contains insectivorous mammals. Hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines, while gymnures look more like large rats. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Talpidae (moles)

Family: Soricidae (shrews)

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and moonrats)

Bats

Order: Chiroptera

Bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

Family: Vespertilionidae (common bats, vesper bats, and kin)

Carnivorans

Order: Carnivora

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.Family: Canidae (dogs)

Family: Mustelidae (weasels, badgers, and kin)

Family: Felidae (cats)

Family: Phocidae (earless seals)

Even-toed ungulates

Order: Artiodactyla

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Cetaceans are also considered to be even-toed ungulates for phylogenetic reasons.Family: Suidae (pigs)

Family: Cervidae (deer)

Family: Bovidae (cattle, bison, and kin)

Whales and dolphins

Order: Cetacea

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life: they have a spindle-shaped, nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Family: Balaenidae (right whales and bowhead whales)

Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)

Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)

Family: Kogiidae (pygmy and dwarf sperm whales)

Family: Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

Family: Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

Locally extinct

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 13 surprising animals you can spot in Britain . . 18 August 2018 . 21 August 2019.
  2. Web site: Unexpected wild animals in Britain – part 1 . . 15 March 2016 . 21 August 2019.
  3. A review of British mammals: population estimates and conservation status of British mammals other than cetaceans . Stephen . Harris . Pat . Morris . Stephanie . Wray . Derek . Yalden . . 1995 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040913131315/http://www.jncc.gov.uk/Publications/review_britishmammals/areviewofbritishmammalsall.pdf . 13 September 2004 . dead.
  4. IUCN . 2015-06-15 . Macropus rufogriseus: McKenzie, N., Menkhorst, P. & Lunney, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T40566A21953329 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t40566a21953329.en. free .
  5. Castor fiber . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136.
  6. News: 2018-06-12 . One in five British mammals at risk of extinction . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-07-19.
  7. Arvicola amphibius . Batsaikhan, N. . Henttonen, H. . Meinig, H. . Shenbrot, G. . Bukhnikashvili, A. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T2149A115060819.
  8. IUCN . 2016-08-10 . Microtus agrestis: Kryštufek, B., Vohralík, V., Zima, J. & Zagorodnyuk, I.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T13426A115112050 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t13426a22349665.en. free .
  9. IUCN . 2016-06-10 . Microtus arvalis: Yigit, N., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B. & Amori, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T13488A22351133 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t13488a22351133.en. free .
  10. IUCN . 2016-08-03 . Myodes glareolus: Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsainas, G., Palomo, L., Henttonen, H., Vohralík, V., Zagorodnyuk, I., Juškaitis, R., Meinig, H. & Bertolino, S.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T4973A197520967 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t4973a197520967.en. free .
  11. IUCN . 2016-09-10 . Apodemus flavicollis: Amori, G., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsainas, G. & Palomo, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T1892A197269879 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t1892a197269879.en. free .
  12. IUCN . 2016-09-10 . Apodemus sylvaticus: Schlitter, D., Van der Straeten, E., Amori, G., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N. & Mitsainas, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T1904A197270811 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t1904a197270811.en. free .
  13. IUCN . 2017-05-08 . Micromys minutus: Kryštufek, B., Lunde, D.P., Meinig, H., Aplin, K., Batsaikhan, N. & Henttonen, H.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T13373A119151882 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-1.rlts.t13373a119151882.en. free .
  14. Mus musculus . Musser, G. . amp . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . 2016 . e.T13972A115117618.
  15. IUCN . 2016-09-01 . Rattus norvegicus: Ruedas, L.A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19353A165118026 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t19353a165118026.en. free .
  16. Rattus rattus . amp . 2015 . Kryštufek, B. . Palomo, L.J. . Hutterer, R. . Mitsain, G. . Yigit, N. . e.T19360A115148682.
  17. Book: Mathews, F. . A Review of the Population and Conservation Status of British Mammals: Technical Summary. A report by the Mammal Society under contract to Natural England, Natural Resources Wales and Scottish Natural Heritage . Kubasiewicz, L. M. . Gurnell, J. . Harrower, C. A. . McDonald, R. A. . Shore, R. F. . 2018 . Natural England . Peterborough . 18 August 2019.
  18. IUCN . 2016-09-11 . Glis glis: Amori, G., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsainas, G., Muñoz, L., Meinig, H. & Juškaitis, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39316A197292692 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t39316a197292692.en. free .
  19. IUCN . 2016-08-18 . Muscardinus avellanarius: Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsainas, G., Meinig, H. & Juškaitis, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13992A197519168 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t13992a197519168.en. free .
  20. Web site: Red List for Britain's Mammals . 2022-07-19 . The Mammal Society . en-GB.
  21. IUCN . 2016-02-02 . Sciurus carolinensis: Cassola, F.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T42462A22245728 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t42462a22245728.en. free .
  22. Sciurus vulgaris . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . amp . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010.
  23. Lepus europaeus . amp . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424.
  24. IUCN . 2018-05-01 . Lepus timidus: Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T11791A45177198 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-1.rlts.t11791a45177198.en. free .
  25. Oryctolagus cuniculus . 2019 . Villafuerte, R. . Delibes-Mateos, M. . amp . e.T41291A45189779.
  26. IUCN . 2017-01-12 . Talpa europaea: Amori, G., Hutterer, R., Mitsainas, G., Yigit, N., Kryštufek, B. & Palomo, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T41481A22320754 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-2.rlts.t41481a22320754.en. free .
  27. IUCN . 2016-06-10 . Crocidura suaveolens: Palomo, L., Kryštufek, B., Amori, G. & Hutterer, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29656A22296429 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t29656a22296429.en. free .
  28. IUCN . 2016-08-11 . Neomys fodiens: Hutterer, R., Meinig, H., Bertolino, S., Kryštufek, B., Sheftel, B., Stubbe, M., Samiya, R., Ariunbold, J., Buuveibaatar, V., Dorjderem, S., Monkhzul, Ts., Otgonbaatar, M. & Tsogbadrakh, M.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29658A115170106 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t29658a22282586.en. free .
  29. IUCN . 2016-09-08 . Sorex araneus: Hutterer, R. & Kryštufek, B.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29661A115170489 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t29661a22315145.en. free .
  30. IUCN . 2016-08-10 . Sorex minutus: Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Fernandes, M. & Meinig, H.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29667A115171222 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t29667a22316362.en. free .
  31. Erinaceus europaeus . Amori, G. . 2016 . e.T29650A2791303.
  32. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Rhinolophus hipposideros: Taylor, P.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19518A21972794 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t19518a21972794.en. free .
  33. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Rhinolophus ferrumequinum: Piraccini, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T19517A21973253 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t19517a21973253.en. free .
  34. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Barbastella barbastellus: Piraccini, R.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T2553A22029285 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t2553a22029285.en. free .
  35. IUCN . 2019-07-04 . Eptesicus serotinus: Godlevska, L., Kruskop, S.V. & Gazaryan, S.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T85199559A195834153 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t85199559a195834153.en. free .
  36. Myotis bechsteinii . Paunović, M. . 2019 . e.T14123A22053752.
  37. IUCN . 2019-05-13 . Myotis brandtii: Gazaryan, S., Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85566997A195857637 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t85566997a195857637.en. free .
  38. IUCN . 2019-05-14 . Myotis daubentonii: Kruskop, S.V., Godlevska, L., Bücs, S., Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85342710A195858793 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t85342710a195858793.en. free .
  39. Myotis myotis. e.T14133A22051759. Coroiu, I.. 2016. Juste, J.. Paunović, M.. amp.
  40. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Myotis mystacinus: Coroiu, I.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T14134A22052250 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t14134a22052250.en. free .
  41. IUCN . 2019-05-14 . Myotis nattereri: Gazaryan, S., Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85733032A22052584 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t85733032a22052584.en. free .
  42. Nyctalus leisleri . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
  43. Nyctalus noctula . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
  44. Pipistrellus nathusii . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Karatas, A. . Paunovic, M. . amp . 2010 . e.T17316A6966886.
  45. IUCN . 2019-05-14 . Pipistrellus pipistrellus: Godlevska, L., Bücs, S., Kruskop, S.V., Gazaryan, S., Benda, P. & Paunović, M.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85333513A196581936 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t85333513a196581936.en. free .
  46. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Pipistrellus pygmaeus: Benda, P., Coroiu, I. & Paunović, M.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136649A21990234 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t136649a21990234.en. free .
  47. IUCN . 2019-07-04 . Plecotus auritus: Gazaryan, S., Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85535522A195861341 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t85535522a195861341.en. free .
  48. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Plecotus austriacus: Gazaryan, S. & Godlevska, L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T85533333A195862345 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t85533333a195862345.en. free .
  49. IUCN . 2016-04-25 . Vespertilio murinus: Coroiu, I.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22947A22071456 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-2.rlts.t22947a22071456.en. free .
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  51. IUCN . 2014-06-01 . Aonyx cinereus. Wright, L., de Silva, P., Chan, B. & Reza Lubis, I.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T44166A21939068 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-2.rlts.t44166a21939068.en. free .
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  75. IUCN . 2020-01-01 . Eubalaena glacialis: Cooke, J.G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41712A178589687 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t41712a178589687.en. free .
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  77. IUCN . 2018-06-25 . Balaenoptera borealis: Cooke, J.G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T2475A130482064 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t2475a130482064.en. free .
  78. IUCN . 2008-06-30 . Balaenoptera musculus: Reilly, S.B., Bannister, J.L., Best, P.B., Brown, M., Brownell Jr., R.L., Butterworth, D.S., Clapham, P.J., Cooke, J., Donovan, G.P., Urbán, J. & Zerbini, A.N.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T2477A9447146 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t2477a9447146.en. free .
  79. IUCN . 2018-02-04 . Balaenoptera physalus: Cooke, J.G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T2478A50349982 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t2478a50349982.en. free .
  80. IUCN . 2018-03-24 . Megaptera novaeangliae: Cooke, J.G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13006A50362794 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t13006a50362794.en. free .
  81. IUCN . 2018-03-24 . Megaptera novaeangliae: Cooke, J.G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13006A50362794 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t13006a50362794.en. free .
  82. IUCN . 2008-06-30 . Physeter macrocephalus: Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T41755A160983555 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t41755a160983555.en. free .
  83. Kogia breviceps . 2012 . Taylor, B.L. . Baird, R. . Barlow, J. . Dawson, S.M. . Ford, J.K.B. . Mead, J.G. . Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. . Wade, P. . Pitman, R.L. . amp . e.T11047A17692192.
  84. IUCN . 2018-10-04 . Ziphius cavirostris: Baird, R.W., Brownell Jr., R.L. & Taylor, B.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T23211A50379111 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t23211a50379111.en. free .
  85. IUCN . 2020-10-20 . Hyperoodon ampullatus: Whitehead, H., Reeves, R., Feyrer, L. & Brownell Jr., R.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T10707A50357742 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t10707a50357742.en. free .
  86. IUCN . 2020-08-23 . Mesoplodon bidens: Pitman, R.L. & Brownell Jr., R.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T13241A50363686 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t13241a50363686.en. free .
  87. IUCN . 2020-08-23 . Mesoplodon europaeus: Pitman, R.L. & Brownell Jr., R.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T13245A50365198 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t13245a50365198.en. free .
  88. IUCN . 2020-08-23 . Mesoplodon mirus: Pitman, R.L. & Brownell Jr., R.L.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T13250A50367095 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t13250a50367095.en. free .
  89. IUCN . 2018-03-18 . Lagenorhynchus albirostris: Kiszka, J. & Braulik, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T11142A50361346 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t11142a50361346.en. free .
  90. IUCN . 2008-06-30 . Lagenorhynchus acutus: Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T11141A3255721 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t11141a3255721.en. free .
  91. IUCN . 2018-07-23 . Pseudorca crassidens: Baird, R.W.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T18596A145357488 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t18596a145357488.en. free .
  92. IUCN . 2020-10-20 . Delphinus delphis: Braulik, G., Jefferson, T.A. & Bearzi, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T134817215A199893039 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t134817215a199893039.en.
  93. IUCN . 2018-05-13 . Tursiops truncatus: Wells, R.S., Natoli, A. & Braulik, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22563A156932432 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-1.rlts.t22563a156932432.en. free .
  94. IUCN . 2018-04-19 . Stenella coeruleoalba: Braulik, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T20731A50374282 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-1.rlts.t20731a50374282.en. free .
  95. IUCN . 2018-02-21 . Grampus griseus: Kiszka, J. & Braulik, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T9461A50356660 . en . 10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t9461a50356660.en. free .
  96. Orcinus orca . Reeves, R. . Pitman, R.L. . Ford, J.K.B. . amp . 2017 . e.T15421A50368125.

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