List of mammals of Europe explained

This is a list of mammals of Europe. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus Mountains), whether resident or as regular migrants. Moreover, species occurring in Cyprus, Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) are listed here. If geographical range of given European mammal additionally overlaps Turkey, it is noted in some of cases. This checklist does not include species found only in captivity. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

- extinct, - extinct in the wild

- critically endangered, - endangered - vulnerable

- near threatened, - least concern

- data deficient, - not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)

Eulipotyphlans

Erinaceidae

Hedgehogs

• European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus

• Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor

• Northern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicus

• Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus (eastern Europe)

Talpidae

Moles

• Aquitanian mole, Talpa aquitania (France, Spain)

• Mediterranean mole, Talpa caeca (south of the Alps)

• Caucasian mole, Talpa caucasica (Caucasus, Russia)

• European mole, Talpa europaea

• Levant mole, Talpa levantis (Bulgaria, Caucasus, Russia and European Turkey)

• Martino's mole, Talpa martinorum (Bulgaria)

• Spanish mole, Talpa occidentalis (Iberian Peninsula)

• Roman mole, Talpa romana (Italy and Greece)

• Balkan mole, Talpa stankovici (Balkans)

Desmans

• Russian desman, Desmana moschata (Russia, Ukraine)

• Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus (Spain, Portugal, the Pyrenees)

Soricidae (shrews)

• Common shrew, Sorex araneus

• Crowned shrew, Sorex coronatus

• Iberian shrew, Sorex granarius

• Apennine shrew, Sorex samniticus

• Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus

• Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens

• Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus

• Taiga shrew, Sorex isodon

• Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus

• Valais shrew, Sorex antinorii (Italy, France, Switzerland) - formerly in Sorex araneus, and:

• • Udine shrew, Sorex arunchi (Italy, Slovenia)

• Radde's shrew, Sorex raddei (Caucasus, Russia)

• Caucasian shrew, Sorex satunini (Caucasus, Russia)

• Caucasian pygmy shrew, Sorex volnuchini (Caucasus, Russia)

• Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens

• Iberian water shrew, Neomys anomalus (Iberian Peninsula) and:

• Mediterranean water shrew, Neomys milleri

• Transcaucasian water shrew, Neomys teres (Caucasus, Russia)

• Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus

• Greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula

• Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens

• Bicoloured shrew, Crocidura leucodon

• Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii

• Sicilian shrew, Crocidura sicula (Sicily, Malta)

• North African white-toothed shrew, Crocidura pachyura (Mediterranean islands)

• Cretan shrew, Crocidura zimmermanni (Crete)

• Canarian shrew, Crocidura canariensis (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)

• Piebald shrew, Diplomesodon pulchellus (Kazakhstan, Russia)

Bats

Pteropodidae (megabat)

• Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Cyprus)

Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

• Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros

• Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

• Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale

• Blasius's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii

• Mehely's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi

Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

• Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii

• Nathalina bat, Myotis (daubentonii) nathalinae (Myotis daubentonii:)

• Long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii

• Pond bat, Myotis dasycneme

• Brandt's bat, Myotis brandtii

• Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus

• David’s myotis, Myotis davidii (south-eastern and eastern Europe), includes i.e.:

• • Steppe whiskered bat, Myotis aurascens

• Alcathoe bat, Myotis alcathoe (Greece, Hungary)

• Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus

• Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri and:

• • Cryptic myotis, Myotis crypticus

• • Tschuli myotis, Myotis tschuliensis (Eastern Europe)

• • Hovel's myotis, Myotis hoveli (Cyprus)

• Escalera's bat, Myotis escalerai (Spain, Portugal, France)

• Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteinii

• Greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis

• Lesser mouse-eared bat, Myotis blythii

• Felten's myotis, Myotis punicus (Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)

• Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula

• Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri

• Azores noctule, Nyctalus azoreum (the only mammal species endemic to North Atlantic Azores archipelago - Portugal)

• Greater noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus

• Anatolian serotine, Eptesicus anatolicus (east Aegean Islands in Greece, Cyprus) - split from Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae

• Serotine, Eptesicus serotinus and:

• • Eptesicus lobatus (Ukraine)

• Meridional serotine, Eptesicus (serotinus) isabellinus

• Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii

• Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus

• Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus

• Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus

• Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii

• Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii

• Savi's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus savii

• Crete pipistrelle, Pipistrellus creticus (Crete)

• Dusky pipistrelle, Pipistrellus hesperidus (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)

• Common long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus

• Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus

• Madeira pipistrelle, Pipistrellus maderensis (Canary Islands and Madeira in Africa - Spain, Portugal)

• Kolombatovic's long-eared bat, Plecotus kolombatovici (Mediterranean)

• Alpine long-eared bat, Plecotus macrobullaris (mountains of southern Europe)

• Sardinian long-eared bat, Plecotus sardus (Sardinia)

• Canary long-eared bat, Plecotus teneriffae (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain) and:

• • Gaisler's long-eared bat, Plecotus gaisleri (Malta, Italy)

• Barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus

• Caspian barbastelle, Barbastella caspica (Caucasus)

Miniopteridae

• Schreibers' bat, Miniopterus schreibersii and:

• • Pallid long-fingered bat, Miniopterus pallidus (Caucasus)

Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

• European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis (southern Europe)

Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)

• Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica (Greece)

Lagomorphs

Leporidae (leporids)

• European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus

• European hare, Lepus europaeus

• Mountain hare, Lepus timidus

• Granada hare, Lepus granatensis (Spain, Portugal)

• Broom hare, Lepus castroviejoi (Cantabrian Mountains)

• Corsican hare, Lepus corsicanus (Corsica, southern Italy)

• Cape hare, Lepus capensis (Corsica, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

• Tolai hare, Lepus tolai (Kazakhstan)

Ochotonidae (pikas)

• Sardinian pika, Prolagus sardus (Corsica, Sardinia and adjacent Mediterranean islands)

Rodents

Sciuridae (squirrels)

• Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris and:

• • Calabrian black squirrel, Sciurus meridionalis (Italy)

• Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans (northern Scandinavia, Estonia)

• European souslik, Spermophilus citellus (north-eastern Europe)

• Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus (eastern Europe)

• Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus (eastern Europe)

• Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus (eastern Europe)

• Spotted souslik, Spermophilus suslicus (south-eastern Europe)

• Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major (Russia, Kazakhstan)

• Caucasian Mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus (Caucasus)

• Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota (Alps, Tatras, Carpathians, Pyrenees and Balkans)

• Tatra marmot, Marmota marmota latirostris (Tatra Mountains)

• Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak (eastern Europe)

Castoridae

• European beaver, Castor fiber

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

• Indian porcupine, Hystrix indica (European Azerbaijan and Georgia)

Gliridae (dormice)

• Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus

• Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula (eastern Europe)

• European edible dormouse, Glis glis

• Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius

• Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi (Greece, European Turkey and Bulgaria)

Muroids: Spalacidae (spalacids)

• Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus (eastern Europe)

• Lesser mole rat, Spalax leucodon (eastern Europe)

• Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni (eastern Europe)

• Sandy mole-rat, Spalax arenarius (eastern Europe)

• Balkan mole rat, Spalax graecus and:

• • Mehely's blind mole-rat, Spalax antiquus (Romania)

• • Oltenia blind mole-rat, Spalax istricus (Romania)

• Nehring's blind mole rat, Spalax nehringi (may occur in Greece)

• Giant blind mole-rat, Spalax giganteus (Russia)

Muroids: Cricetidae

Hamsters

• Common hamster, Cricetus cricetus (eastern and central Europe)

• Gray dwarf hamster, Nothocricetulus migratorius (Balkans)

• Romanian hamster, Mesocricetus newtoni (shores of the Black Sea)

• Ciscaucasian hamster, Mesocricetus raddei (Russia)

• Brandt's hamster, Mesocricetus brandti (Caucasus)

• Eversmann's hamster, Allocricetulus eversmanni (Russia, Kazakhstan)

Lemmings

• Wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor (Scandinavia)

• Norway lemming, Lemmus lemmus (northern Europe)

• Siberian brown lemming, Lemmus sibiricus (Russia)

• Arctic lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus (Svalbard as migrant)

Voles

• Bank vole, Myodes glareolus

• Northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus

• Grey red-backed vole, Myodes rufocanus

• Martino's Dinaric vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi (Balkans) and:

• • Western Dinaric vole, Dinaromys longipedis (Balkans)

• European water vole, Arvicola amphibius and:

• • Italian water vole, Arvicola italicus (Italy, Switzerland)

• • Montane water vole, Arvicola monticola, A. scherman

• Southwestern water vole, Arvicola sapidus (Spain and France)

• Root vole, Alexandromys oeconomus

• Middendorff's vole, Alexandromys middendorffii (Russia)

• Short-tailed field vole, Microtus agrestis and:

• • Mediterranean field vole, Microtus lavernedii

• • Portuguese field vole, Microtus rozianus (Iberian Peninsula)

• Pyrenean pine vole, Microtus pyrenaicus (France, Spain)

• Common vole, Microtus arvalis and:

• • Altai vole, Microtus obscurus (eastern Europe)

• Sibling vole, Microtus epiroticus (M. levis:)

• Snow vole, Microtus nivalis

• Gunther's vole, Microtus guentheri and:

• • Harting's vole, Microtus hartingi (Balkans)

• Cabrera's vole, Microtus cabrerae

• European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus

• East European gray vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis

• Social vole, Microtus socialis

• Felten's vole, Microtus felteni

• Gerbe's vole, Microtus gerbei

• Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii and:

• • Sicilian pine vole, Microtus nebrodensis (Italy)

• • Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus (Italy)

• Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex

• Tatra pine vole, Microtus tatricus

• Liechtenstein's pine vole, Microtus liechtensteini and:

• • Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus

• Mediterranean pine vole, Microtus duodecimcostatus

• Lusitanian pine vole, Microtus lusitanicus

• Thomas's pine vole, Microtus thomasi

• Major's pine vole, Microtus majori

• Caucasian pine vole, Microtus daghestanicus (Caucasus)

• Narrow-headed vole, Lasiopodomys gregalis (Russia)

• Gudaur snow vole, Chionomys gud (Caucasus)

• Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti (Caucasus)

• Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus

• Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus

• Long-clawed mole vole, Prometheomys schaposchnikowi (Caucasus)

Muroids: Muridae

Old World rats and mice

• Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus

• Steppe field mouse, Apodemus witherbyi (eastern Europe)

• Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis and:

• • Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus (Caucasus)

• Alpine field mouse, Apodemus alpicola (Alps)

• Pygmy field mouse, Apodemus uralensis (eastern Europe)

• Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus (south-eastern Europe)

• Western broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus epimelas (Balkans)

• Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius (eastern Europe)

• Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus

• House mouse, Mus musculus

• Algerian mouse, Mus spretus (France, Spain and Portugal)

• Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus (south-eastern Europe)

• Cypriot mouse, Mus cypriacus (Cyprus)

• Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus (south Balcans)

Spiny mice

• Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous (Crete)

Jirds

• Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami (Greek island of Kos)

• Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus (eastern Europe)

• Midday jird, Meriones meridianus (eastern Europe)

Gerbils

• Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus (Kazakhstan)

Muroids: Sminthidae (birch mice)

• Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina (Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe)
• Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis (south-eastern Europe) and:

• Hungarian birch mouse, Sicista (subtilis) trizona (Hungary)

• Nordmann’s birch mouse, Sicista loriger (eastern Europe)
• Strand's birch mouse, Sicista strandi (eastern Europe)
• Severtzov's birch mouse, Sicista severtzovi (eastern Europe)
• Caucasian birch mouse, Sicista caucasica (Caucasus)
• Kazbeg birch mouse, Sicista kazbegica (Caucasus)
• Kluchor birch mouse, Sicista kluchorica (Caucasus)

Muroids: Dipodidae (jerboas)

• Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio (eastern Europe)
• Great jerboa, Allactaga major (eastern Europe)
• Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater (eastern Europe)
• Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta (eastern Europe)
• Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum (eastern Europe)
• Williams's jerboa, Scarturus williamsi (Azerbaijan)

Carnivorans

Ursidae (bears)

• Brown bear, Ursus arctos

• Polar bear, Ursus maritimus (Svalbard, Arctic European Russia; migrant to Iceland)

Canidae

• Golden jackal, Canis aureus (Russia and south-eastern Europe)

• Grey wolf, Canis lupus (Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Scandinavia and eastern Europe)

• Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac (Along southern Volga and European Kazakhstan)

• Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus (Scandinavia and Iceland)

• Red fox, Vulpes vulpes

Mustelidae (weasels and allies)

• Wolverine, Gulo gulo (Scandinavia)

• European otter, Lutra lutra

• Beech marten, Martes foina (southern Europe)

• European pine marten, Martes martes

• Sable, Martes zibellina (western Ural Mountains, European Russia)

• Caucasian badger, Meles canescens (Crete, Rhodes)

• Asian badger, Meles leucurus (Russia, Kazakhstan)

• European badger, Meles meles

• Stoat, Mustela erminea

• Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmanii

• European mink, Mustela lutreola (eastern Europe, Spain, France)

• European polecat, Mustela putorius

• Least weasel, Mustela nivalis

• Siberian weasel, Mustela sibirica (Russia)

• Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna (southeastern Europe)

Felidae (cats)

• Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus venaticus (A. jubatus:) (extirpated) (Caucasus)

• Swamp cat, Felis chaus (Cis-Caspian region)^[1]

• African wildcat, Felis lybica (France, Italy, Greece)

• European wildcat, Felis silvestris

• Pallas's cat, Otocolobus manul (eastern Caucasus, possibly extirpated)

• Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx

• Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus (Spain and Portugal)

• Lion Panthera leo (extirpated) (Caucasus and southeastern Europe)

• Persian leopard, Panthera pardus tulliana (P. pardus:) (Dagestan, Northern Caucasus, European Russia)^{[2] [3]}

• Caspian tiger, Panthera tigris tigris (P. tigris) (Ukraine, Southern Russia and Caucasus)

Hyaenidae (hyenas)

• Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena (eastern Caucasus)

Phocidae (earless seals)

• Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata (Northern Scandinavia)

• Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus (Northern Scandinavia)

• Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Norway, Baltics, Great Britain and Ireland)

• Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus (Mediterranean)

• Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Northern Scandinavia)

• Common seal, Phoca vitulina

• Ringed seal, Pusa hispida (Northern Scandinavia)

Odobenidae

• Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus (Svalbard, Iceland and as migrant further south)

Odd-toed ungulates

Equidae (horse)

• Tarpan, Equus ferus ferus (E. ferus)

• Przewalski's horse, Equus ferus przewalskii (E. ferus) (Belarus, Ukraine)

• Turkmenian kulan, Equus hemionus kulan (E. hemionus) (Ukraine)

Even-toed ungulates

Suidae (pigs)

• Wild boar, Sus scrofa

Bovidae (bovid)

• European bison, Bison bonasus (reintroduced)

• Aurochs, Bos primigenius

• Wild goat, Capra aegagrus (Caucasus)

• West Caucasian tur, Capra caucasica (Caucasus)

• East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis (Caucasus)

• Alpine ibex, Capra ibex (France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany)

• Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica (Spain and Portugal)

• Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (European Azerbaijan)

• Muskox, Ovibos moschatus (Norway, Russia; reintroduced)

• Mouflon, Ovis gmelini (Cyprus and Caucasus)

• Pyrenean chamois, Rupicapra pyrenaica

• Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra

• Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica (European Russia and Kazakhstan)

Cervidae (deer)

• Elk, Alces alces

• Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus

• Red deer, Cervus elaphus

• Fallow deer, Dama dama

• Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (Scandinavia)

Cetacea

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

• White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris

• Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus

• Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis

• Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

• Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis

• Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
  (Mediterranean subpopulation:, ssp. ponticus:)

• Bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
  (Mediterranean subpopulation:, ssp. ponticus:)

• Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei (Canary Islands in Africa)

• False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens

• Killer whale, Orcinus orca

• Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

• Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

• Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus

• Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata

Phocoenidae (porpoises)

• Common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena
  (Baltic Sea subpopulation:, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise:)

Monodontidae

• White whale, Delphinapterus leucas (Arctic Ocean)

• Narwhal, Monodon monoceros (Arctic Ocean)

Kogiidae

• Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps

• Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima

Physeteridae

• Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

• Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus

• Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris

• True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus

• Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens

• Grays beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi

• Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus

• Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

• Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus (ssp. musculus North Atlantic stock:)

• Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus (Mediterranean subpopulation:)

• Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis

• Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata

• Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni (Canary Islands in Africa)

• Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae

Eschrichtiidae

• Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus (possible vagrant from Pacific was recorded in 2010^[4])

Balaenidae

• Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus
  (Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation:)

• North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis

Introduced animals

Macropodidae (macropods)

• Red-necked wallaby, Notamacropus rufogriseus (Britain, Ireland, France and Germany, introduced)

Erinaceidae

• North African hedgehog, Atelerix algirus (France and Spain, probably introduced)

Primates

• Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus (Gibraltar, introduced)

Sciuridae (squirrels)

• Grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis (Britain, introduced)

• Barbary ground squirrel, Atlantoxerus getulus (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain, introduced)

• Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus (introduced)

Myocastoridae

• Coypu, Myocastor coypus (introduced)

Cricetidae

• Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (introduced)

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

• Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata (Italy, introduced)

Muroids: Muridae

Old World rats and mice

• Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus (introduced)

• Black rat, Rattus rattus (introduced)

Canidae

• Raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (introduced)

Mustelidae (weasel)

• American mink, Neogale vison (introduced)

• Asian small-clawed otter, Aonyx cinereus (Great Britain, introduced)

Herpestidae (mongooses)

• Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon (Spain and Portugal, disputed, possibly native)

Viverridae (viverrids)

• Common genet, Genetta genetta (France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, introduced)

Procyonidae

• South American coati, Nasua nasua (Great Britain, introduced)

• Common raccoon, Procyon lotor (introduced)

Mephitidae

• Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis (introduced)

Bovidae (bovids)

• Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia (Spain and Portugal, introduced)

Equidae (horses)

• • Przewalski's horse, Equus ferus przewalskii (E. ferus) (introduced; Ukraine, Belarus)^{[5] [6]}

Cervidae (deer)

• Chital, Axis axis (introduced)

• Wapiti, Cervus canadensis (Italy, introduced)

• Sika deer, Cervus nippon (introduced)

• Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis (Britain, France, introduced)

• Chinese muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi (Britain, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium, introduced)

• White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (introduced; Finland, Czechia)

See also

• List of amphibians of Europe
• List of birds of Europe
• List of reptiles of Europe
• List of mammal genera
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of extinct animals of Europe

Further reading

• Macdonald D., Barrett P., Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993,
• Görner M., Hackethal H., Beobachten und bestimmen: Säugetiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1987,

Notes and References

1. Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pp. 306–307
2. WWF (2007) Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus Ecoregion. Strategic Planning Workshop on Leopard Conservation in the Caucasus. Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 May – 1 June 2007
3. Kitchener, A. C. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Eizirik, E. . Gentry, A. . Werdelin, L. . Wilting, A. . Yamaguchi, N. . Abramov, A. V. . Christiansen, P. . Driscoll, C. . Duckworth, J. W. . Johnson, W. . Luo, S.-J. . Meijaard, E. . O’Donoghue, P. . Sanderson, J. . Seymour, K. . Bruford, M. . Groves, C. . Hoffmann, M. . Nowell, K. . Timmons, Z. . Tobe, S. . 2017 . A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group . Cat News . Special Issue 11 .
4. News: King . Anthony . 20 August 2015 . Are grey whales climate change's big winners? . The Irish Times.
5. Web site: October 17, 2019 . The Last Truly Wild Horses Are Alive and Well in Chernobyl . 16 February 2020 . Popular Mechanics.
6. Web site: May 10, 2018 . Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity . 7 June 2021 . Horsetalk.