List of mammals of Bulgaria explained

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 101 mammal species occurring in Bulgaria. Two of them are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

----Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

• Suborder: Sciurognathi
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
      • Tribe: Sciurini
        • Genus: Sciurus
          • Red squirrel, S. vulgaris ^[1]
    • Subfamily: Xerinae
      • Tribe: Marmotini
        • Genus: Spermophilus
          • European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus VU
  • Family: Spalacidae (mole-rats)
    • Genus: Spalax
      • Lesser mole-rat, S. leucodon DD
  • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
    • Subfamily: Leithiinae
      • Genus: Dryomys
        • Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
      • Genus: Muscardinus
        • Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LC
      • Genus: Myomimus
        • Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi VU
    • Subfamily: Glirinae
      • Genus: Glis
        • European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
  • Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
    • Subfamily: Sicistinae
      • Genus: Sicista
        • Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis LC
  • Family: Spalacidae
    • Subfamily: Spalacinae
      • Genus: Nannospalax
        • Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon VU
  • Family: Cricetidae
    • Subfamily: Cricetinae
      • Genus: Cricetulus
        • Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC
      • Genus: Cricetus
        • European hamster, C. cricetus ^[2]
      • Genus: Mesocricetus
        • Romanian hamster, Mesocricetus newtoni VU
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
      • Genus: Arvicola
        • European water vole, A. amphibius ^[3]
      • Genus: Chionomys
        • Snow vole, C. nivalis LC
      • Genus: Clethrionomys
        • Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
      • Genus: Microtus
        • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
        • Günther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC
        • Southern vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LC
        • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
  • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Murinae
      • Genus: Apodemus
        • Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
        • Western broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus epimelas LC
        • Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
        • Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
        • Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
      • Genus: Micromys
        • Eurasian harvest mouse, M. minutus LC
      • Genus: Mus
        • House mouse, M. musculus ^[4]
        • Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus LC
        • Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus LC
      • Genus: Rattus
        • Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC
        • Black rat, R. rattus ^[5]

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

----The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

• Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Lepus
    • European hare, L. europaeus ^[6]
  • Genus: Oryctolagus
    • European rabbit, O. cuniculus introduced^[7]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

----

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

• Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
  • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
    • Genus: Erinaceus
      • West European hedgehog, E. europaeus ^[8]

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

----The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

• Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
      • Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon
      • Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens ^[9]
    • Genus: Suncus
      • Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
  • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Nectogalini
      • Genus: Neomys
        • Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
        • Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
    • Tribe: Soricini
      • Genus: Sorex
        • Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
        • Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
• Family: Talpidae (moles)
  • Subfamily: Talpinae
    • Tribe: Talpini
      • Genus: Talpa
        • European mole, Talpa europaea LC
        • Levantine mole, Talpa levantis LC
        • Stankovic's mole, Talpa stankovici LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

----The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

• Family: Vespertilionidae
  • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
      • Alcathoe bat, M. alcathoe ^[10]
      • Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini ^[11]
      • Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii ^[12]
      • Brandt's bat, M. brandti ^[13]
      • Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii ^[14]
      • Pond bat, M. dasycneme ^[15]
      • Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii ^[16]
      • Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus ^[17]
      • Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis ^[18]
      • Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus ^[19]
      • Natterer's bat, M. nattereri ^[20]
  • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Barbastella
      • Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus ^[21]
    • Genus: Eptesicus
      • Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni LC
      • Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
    • Genus: Hypsugo
      • Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii ^[22]
    • Genus: Nyctalus
      • Common noctule, N. noctula ^[23]
      • Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT^[24]
      • Lesser noctule, N. leisleri ^[25]
    • Genus: Pipistrellus
      • Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii ^[26]
      • Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
      • Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
      • Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus LC
    • Genus: Plecotus
      • Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus LC
      • Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus LC
    • Genus: Vespertilio
      • Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus LC
  • Subfamily: Miniopterinae
    • Genus: Miniopterus
      • Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii ^[27]
• Family: Molossidae
  • Genus: Tadarida
    • European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis LC
• Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
      • Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii ^[28]
      • Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale ^[29]
      • Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum ^[30]
      • Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros ^[31]
      • Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi ^[32]

Order: Cetacea (whales)

----The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

• Suborder: Mysticeti
  • Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
    • Genus: Balaenoptera
      • Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata ^[33]
• Suborder: Odontoceti
  • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
    • Family: Phocoenidae
      • Genus: Phocoena
        • Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
    • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
      • Genus: Tursiops
        • Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
      • Genus: Delphinus
        • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

----There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

• Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Genus: Felis
        • European wildcat, F. silvestris ^[34]
      • Genus: Lynx
        • Eurasian lynx, L. lynx ^[35]
• Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
    • Genus: Vulpes
      • Red fox, V. vulpes ^[36]
    • Genus: Canis
      • Golden jackal, C. aureus ^[37]
      • Gray wolf, C. lupus ^[38]
        • Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
  • Family: Ursidae (bears)
    • Genus: Ursus
      • Brown bear, U. arctos ^[39]
        • Eurasian brown bear U. a. arctos
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Mustela
      • Stoat, M. erminea ^[40]
      • Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii ^[41]
      • Least weasel, M. nivalis ^[42]
      • European polecat, M. putorius ^[43]
    • Genus: Vormela
      • Marbled polecat, V. peregusna ^[44]
    • Genus: Martes
      • Beech marten, M. foina ^[45]
      • European pine marten, M. martes ^[46]
    • Genus: Meles
      • European badger, M. meles ^[47]
    • Genus: Lutra
      • Eurasian otter, L. lutra ^[48]
  • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
    • Genus: Monachus
      • Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus ^[49]

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

----The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Bovidae (bovids)
  • Subfamily: Bovidae
    • Genus: Bison
      • European bison, B. bonasus reintroduced^[50]
        • Carpathian wisent, B. b. hungarorum ^[51]
• Family: Suidae (pigs)
  • Subfamily: Suinae
    • Genus: Sus
      • Wild boar, S. scrofa
• Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Cervus
      • Red deer, C. elaphus
    • Genus: Dama
      • European fallow deer, D. dama ^[52]
  • Subfamily: Capreolinae
    • Genus: Capreolus
      • Roe deer, C. capreolus
• Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
  • Subfamily: Caprinae
    • Genus: Capra
      • Alpine ibex, C. ibex introduced
    • Genus: Rupicapra
      • Chamois, R. rupicapra

Locally extinct

• Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus^[53]
• European mink, Mustela lutreola^[54]

See also

• List of chordate orders
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of prehistoric mammals
• Mammal classification
• List of mammals described in the 2000s

External links

• Web site: Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.

Notes and References

1. Sciurus vulgaris . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . 2010 . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010 .
2. Cricetus cricetus . amp . Banaszek, A. . Bogomolov, P. . Feoktistova, N. . La Haye, M. . Monecke, S. . Reiners, T. E. . Rusin, M. . Surov, A. . Weinhold, U. . Ziomek, J. . 2020 . e.T5529A111875852.
3. Arvicola amphibius . Batsaikhan, N. . Henttonen, H. . Meinig, H. . Shenbrot, G. . Bukhnikashvili, A. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . amp . 2016 . e.T2149A115060819.
4. Mus musculus . Musser, G. . amp . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . 2016 . e.T13972A115117618.
5. Rattus rattus . amp . Kryštufek, B. . Palomo, L.J. . Hutterer, R. . Mitsain, G. . Yigit, N. . e.T19360A115148682 . 2015.
6. Lepus europaeus . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . amp . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424.
7. Oryctolagus cuniculus . 2019 . Villafuerte, R. . Delibes-Mateos, M. . amp . e.T41291A45189779.
8. Erinaceus europaeus . 2008 . 2008 . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. J. . e.T29650A9508000 .
9. Crocidura suaveolens . Hutterer, R. . Amori, G. . Krystufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L.J. . amp . 2010 . e.T29656A9511068.
10. Myotis alcathoe . Hutson, A.M. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T136680A518740.
11. Myotis bechsteinii . Paunović, M. . 2019 . e.T14123A22053752.
12. Myotis blythii . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . amp . 2016 . e.T14124A22053297.
13. Myotis brandtii . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85566997A22054468.
14. Myotis capaccinii . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Aulagnier, S. . Juste, J. . Karatas, A. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunovic, M. . amp . 2010 . e.T14126A4399043.
15. Myotis dasycneme . e.T14127A22055164 . 2016 . Piraccini, R..
16. daubentonii . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . Gazaryan, S. . amp . 2020 . e.T85342710A22054773.
17. Myotis emarginatus . Piraccini, R. . e.T14129A22051191 . 2016.
18. Myotis myotis . amp . Coroiu, I. . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14133A22051759.
19. Myotis mystacinus . Coroiu, I.. 2016 . e.T14134A22052250.
20. Myotis nattereri . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T85733032A22052584.
21. Barbastella barbastellus . Piraccini, R. . e.T2553A22029285 . 2016.
22. Hypsugo savii . Hutson, A. M. . amp . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunovic, M. . Karatas, A. . 2010 . e.T44856A10955205.
23. Nyctalus noctula . amp . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
24. Nyctalus lasiopterus . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Alcaldé, J. T. . Juste, J. . Karataş, A. . Palmeirim, J. . Paunović, M. . 2010 . e.T14918A4471682.
25. Nyctalus leisleri . amp . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
26. Pipistrellus nathusii . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Karatas, A.. Paunovic, M. . 2010 . e.T17316A6966886 .
27. Miniopterus schreibersii . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . 2020 . e.T81633057A151216401.
28. Rhinolophus blasii . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19515A21972073.
29. Rhinolophus euryale . Juste, J. . Alcaldé, J. . amp . e.T19516A21971185 . 2016.
30. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
31. Rhinolophus hipposideros . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19518A21972794.
32. Rhinolophus mehelyi . Alcaldé, J. . Benda, P. . Juste, J. . amp . e.T19519A21974380 . 2016.
33. Balaenoptera acutorostrata . Cooke, J.G. . 2018 . e.T2474A50348265.
34. Felis silvestris . Gerngross, P. . Ambarli, H. . Angelici, F.M. . Anile, S. . Campbell, R. . Ferreras de Andres, P. . Gil-Sanchez, J.M. . Götz, M. . Jerosch, S. . Mengüllüoglu, D. . Monterosso, P. . Zlatanova, D. . amp . e.T181049859A181050999 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . 2022 . 3 August 2022.
35. Lynx lynx . 2015 . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666.
36. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
37. Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Jhala, Y. . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
38. Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . Jhala, Y. . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
39. Ursus arctos . McLellan, B. N. . Proctor, M. F. . Huber, D. . Michel, S. . amp . e.T41688A121229971 . 2017.
40. Mustela erminea . Reid, F. . Helgen, K. . Kranz, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T29674A45203335.
41. Mustela eversmanii . Maran, T. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov A. V. . Kranz, A. . amp . e.T29679A45203762 . 2016.
42. Mustela nivalis . McDonald, R. A. . Abramov, A. V. . Stubbe, M. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . Tikhonov, A. . Cavallini, P. . Kranz, A. . Giannatos, G. . Kryštufek, B. . Reid, F. . amp . 2019 . e.T70207409A147993366.
43. Mustela putorius . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Herrero, J. . Kitchener, A. . Maran, T. . Kranz, A.. Sándor, A. . Stubbe, M. . Saveljev, A. . Savour-Soubelet, A. . Guinot-Ghestem, M. . Zuberogoitia, I. . Birks, J.D.S. . Weber, A. . Melisch, R. . Ruette, S. . amp . 2016 . e.T41658A45214384.
44. Vormela peregusna . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . e.T29680A45203971.
45. Martes foina . 2016 . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Herrero, J. . Krantz, A. . Choudhury, A. . Maran, T. . amp . e.T29672A45202514.
46. Martes martes . Herrero, J. . amp . Kranz, A. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Maran, T. . Monakhov, V.G. . e.T12848A45199169 . 2016.
47. Meles meles . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. V. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . 2016 . e.T29673A45203002 .
48. Lutra lutra . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . amp . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287.
49. Monachus monachus . Karamanlidis, A. . Dendrinos, P. . amp . e.T13653A45227543 . 2015.
50. Bison bonasus . Plumb, G. . Kowalczyk, R. . amp . Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. . 2020 . e.T2814A45156279.
51. Book: Spassov, N., Iliev, N.. 1986 . Bone remains of Wisent (Bison bonasus L.) in the medieval settlement near the Garvan village, Silistra District (new researches) . Vazharova, Zh. . The Medieval Settlement at Garvan Village, Silistra District, 4th–11th century A. D. . Sofia . Publ. House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences . 68.
52. Dama dama . Masseti, M. . Mertzanidou, D. . 2008 . e.T42188A10656554.
53. Monachus monachus . Karamanlidis, A. . Dendrinos, P. . amp . e.T13653A45227543 . 2015.
54. Mustela lutreola . Maran, T. . Aulagnier, S. . Libois, R. . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. . Wozencraft, C. . amp . 2010 . e.T14018A4381596.