List of mammals of Belgium explained

This list of mammals of Belgium shows the IUCN Red List status of mammal species occurring in Belgium. One is endangered, eight are vulnerable, and three are near threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd	Lower risk/conservation dependent	Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt	Lower risk/near threatened	Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc	Lower risk/least concern	Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.

• Suborder: Sciurognathi
  • Family: Castoridae (beavers)
    • Genus: Castor
      • Eurasian beaver, C. fiber ^[1]
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
      • Tribe: Sciurini
        • Genus: Sciurus
          • Red squirrel, S. vulgaris ^[2]
  • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
    • Subfamily: Leithiinae
      • Genus: Eliomys
        • Garden dormouse, E. quercinus ^[3]
      • Genus: Muscardinus
        • Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius NT
    • Subfamily: Glirinae
      • Genus: Glis
        • European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
  • Family: Cricetidae
    • Subfamily: Cricetinae
      • Genus: Cricetus
        • European hamster, C. cricetus ^[4]
    • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
      • Genus: Arvicola
        • European water vole, A. amphibius ^[5]
      • Genus: Clethrionomys
        • Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
      • Genus: Microtus
        • Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
        • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
        • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
  • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Murinae
      • Genus: Apodemus
        • Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
        • Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
      • Genus: Micromys
        • Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
      • Genus: Rattus
        • Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus
  • Family: Myocastoridae
    • Genus: Myocastor
      • Coypu, Myocastor coypus introduced

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

• Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Lepus
    • European hare, L. europaeus LC^[6]
  • Genus: Oryctolagus
    • European rabbit, O. cuniculus introduced^[7]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

• Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
  • Subfamily: Erinaceinae
    • Genus: Erinaceus
      • West European hedgehog, E. europaeus ^[8]

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

• Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
      • Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon
      • Greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula LC
  • Subfamily: Soricinae
    • Tribe: Nectogalini
      • Genus: Neomys
        • Southern water shrew, Neomys anomalus
        • Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens
    • Tribe: Soricini
      • Genus: Sorex
        • Crowned shrew, Sorex coronatus
        • Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus
• Family: Talpidae (moles)
  • Subfamily: Talpinae
    • Tribe: Talpini
      • Genus: Talpa
        • European mole, Talpa europaea

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

• Family: Vespertilionidae
  • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
      • Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini ^[9]
      • Brandt's bat, M. brandti ^[10]
      • Pond bat, M. dasycneme ^[11]
      • Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii ^[12]
      • Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus ^[13]
      • Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis ^[14]
      • Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus ^[15]
      • Natterer's bat, M. nattereri ^[16]
  • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Barbastella
      • Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus ^[17]
    • Genus: Eptesicus
      • Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni
      • Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus
    • Genus: Nyctalus
      • Common noctule, N. noctula ^[18]
      • Lesser noctule, N. leisleri ^[19]
    • Genus: Pipistrellus
      • Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii ^[20]
      • Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
    • Genus: Plecotus
      • Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus ^[21]
      • Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus
• Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
      • Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum extirpated^[22]
      • Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros ^[23]

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

• Suborder: Mysticeti
  • Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
    • Genus: Balaena
      • Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC vagrant^[24]
    • Genus: Eubalaena
      • North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis

EN almost extinct in eastern North Atlantic

• • Family: Megapterinae (humpback whales)
    • Genus: Megaptera
      • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
  • Family: Balaenopteridae
    • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae (rorquals)
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus

EN

• • • • • Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
• Suborder: Odontoceti
  • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
    • Family: Physeteridae
      • Genus: Physeter (sperm whales)
        • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus

VU

• • • • • • • Family: Kogiidae Genus: Kogia (pygmy sperm whales)
        • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LR/lc
    • Family: Monodontidae
      • Genus: Delphinapterus (beluga and narwhals)
        • Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas

VU

• • • Family: Phocoenidae
      • Genus: Phocoena (harbor porpoises)
        • Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena

VU

• • • Family: Ziphidae
      • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
        • Genus: Mesoplodon (beaked whales)
          • Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens

DD

• • • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
      • Genus: Lagenorhynchus
        • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LR/lc
      • Genus: Leucopleurus
        • Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LR/lc
      • Genus: Stenella
        • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
      • Genus: Tursiops
        • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
      • Genus: Delphinus
        • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LR/lc
        • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis
      • Genus: Steno
        • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis
      • Genus: Grampus
        • Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus

DD

• • • • Genus: Globicephala
        • Pilot whale, Globicephala melas LR/lc
      • Genus: Orcinus
        • Killer whale, Orcinus orca
      • Genus: Pseudorca
        • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

• Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Genus: Felis
        • European wildcat, F. silvestris ^[25]
  • Family: Viverridae
    • Subfamily: Viverrinae
      • Genus: Genetta
        • Common genet, G. genetta introduced, presence uncertain^[26]
• Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
    • Genus:Canis
      • Gray wolf, C. lupus ^[27]
    • Genus: Vulpes
      • Red fox, V. vulpes ^[28]
  • Family: Ursidae (bears)
    • Genus: Ursus
      • Brown bear, U. arctos presence uncertain
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Lutra
      • European otter, L. lutra NT^[29]
    • Genus: Martes
      • Beech marten, M. foina ^[30]
      • European pine marten, M. martes ^[31]
    • Genus: Meles
      • European badger, M. meles LC^[32]
    • Genus: Mustela
      • Stoat, M. erminea ^[33]
      • Least weasel, M. nivalis ^[34]
      • European polecat, M. putorius ^[35]
    • Genus: Neogale
      • American mink, N. vison presence uncertain, introduced^[36]
  • Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
    • Genus: Phoca
      • Common seal, P. vitulina LC
    • Genus: Halichoerus
      • Grey seal, H. grypus

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Subfamily: Capreolinae
    • Genus: Capreolus
      • Roe deer, C. capreolus ^[37]
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Cervus
      • Red deer, C. elaphus ^[38]
    • Genus: Dama
      • European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced^[39]
• Family: Suidae (pigs)
  • Subfamily: Suinae
    • Genus: Sus
      • Wild boar, S. scrofa ^[40]

Locally extinct

• European bison, Bison bonasus^[41]

External links

• Web site: Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . 1995–2006 . 22 May 2007.

See also

• List of chordate orders
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of prehistoric mammals
• Mammal classification
• List of mammals described in the 2000s

Notes and References

1. Castor fiber . amp . Batbold, J. . Batsaikhan, N. . Shar, S. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. . 2016 . e.T4007A115067136.
2. Sciurus vulgaris . amp . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Muñoz, L. J. P. . e.T20025A9136220 . 2010.
3. Eliomys quercinus . 2008 . Bertolino, S. . Amori, G. . Henttonen, H. . Zagorodnyuk, I. . Zima, J. . Juškaitis, R. . Meinig, H. . Kryštufek, B. . amp . e.T7618A12835766.
4. Cricetus cricetus . amp . Banaszek, A. . Bogomolov, P. . Feoktistova, N. . La Haye, M. . Monecke, S. . Reiners, T. E. . Rusin, M. . Surov, A. . Weinhold, U. . Ziomek, J. . 2020 . e.T5529A111875852.
5. Arvicola amphibius . Batsaikhan, N. . Henttonen, H. . Meinig, H. . Shenbrot, G., Bukhnikashvili, A., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. . 2016 . e.T2149A115060819.
6. Lepus europaeus . Hacklande, K. . Schai-Braun, S. . 2019 . 2019 . e.T41280A45187424 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41280A45187424.en.
7. Oryctolagus cuniculus . 2019 . 2019 . Villafuerte, R. . Delibes-Mateos, M. . e.T41291A45189779 .
8. Erinaceus europaeus . amp . Amori, G. . Hutterer, R. . Kryštufek, B. . Yigit, N. . Mitsain, G. . Palomo, L. J. . e.T29650A9508000 . 2008.
9. Myotis bechsteinii . Paunović, M. . 2019 . e.T14123A22053752.
10. Myotis brandtii . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85566997A22054468.
11. Myotis dasycneme . e.T14127A22055164 . 2016 . Piraccini, R..
12. daubentonii . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . Bücs, S. . Çoraman, E. . Gazaryan, S. . amp . 2020 . e.T85342710A22054773.
13. Myotis emarginatus . Piraccini, R. . e.T14129A22051191 . 2016.
14. Myotis myotis . amp . Coroiu, I. . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14133A22051759.
15. Myotis mystacinus . Coroiu, I.. 2016 . e.T14134A22052250.
16. Myotis nattereri . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T85733032A22052584.
17. Barbastella barbastellus . Piraccini, R. . e.T2553A22029285 . 2016.
18. Nyctalus noctula . amp . Csorba, G. . Hutson, A.M. . 2016 . e.T14920A22015682.
19. Nyctalus leisleri . amp . Juste, J. . Paunović, M. . 2016 . e.T14919A22016159.
20. Pipistrellus nathusii . amp . Hutson, A. M. . Spitzenberger, F. . Juste, J. . Aulagnier, S. . Palmeirim, J. . Karatas, A. . Paunovic, M. . 2010 . e.T17316A6966886.
21. Plecotus auritus . 2021 . amp . Gazaryan, S. . Kruskop, S.V. . Godlevska, L. . 2020 . e.T85535522A195861341.
22. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . Piraccini, R. . 2016 . e.T19517A21973253.
23. Rhinolophus hipposideros . Taylor, P. . 2016 . e.T19518A21972794.
24. Web site: Jean-Pierre R. . 2017. Groenlandse Walvis - Balaena mysticetus. Waarnemingen.be. 2017-04-01.
25. Felis silvestris . Gerngross, P. . Ambarli, H. . Angelici, F.M. . Anile, S. . Campbell, R. . Ferreras de Andres, P. . Gil-Sanchez, J.M. . Götz, M. . Jerosch, S. . Mengüllüoglu, D. . Monterosso, P. . Zlatanova, D. . amp . e.T181049859A181050999 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . 2022 . 3 August 2022.
26. Genetta genetta . 2015 . Gaubert, P. . Carvalho, F. . Camps, D. . Do Linh San, E. . amp . e.T41698A45218636.
27. Canis lupus . Boitani, L. . Phillips, M. . Jhala, Y. . amp . 2018 . e.T3746A119623865.
28. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
29. Lutra lutra . amp . Roos, A. . Loy, A. . de Silva, P. . Hajkova, P. . Zemanová, B. . 2015 . e.T12419A21935287.
30. Martes foina . 2016 . Abramov, A.V. . Kranz, A. . Herrero, J. . Krantz, A. . Choudhury, A. . Maran, T. . amp . e.T29672A45202514.
31. Martes martes . Herrero, J. . amp . Kranz, A. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Maran, T. . Monakhov, V.G. . e.T12848A45199169 . 2016.
32. Meles meles . Kranz, A. . Abramov, A. V. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . amp . 2016 . e.T29673A45203002.
33. Mustela erminea . Reid, F. . Helgen, K. . Kranz, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T29674A45203335.
34. Mustela nivalis . McDonald, R. A. . Abramov, A. V. . Stubbe, M. . Herrero, J. . Maran, T. . Tikhonov, A. . Cavallini, P. . Kranz, A. . Giannatos, G. . Kryštufek, B. . Reid, F. . amp . 2019 . e.T70207409A147993366.
35. Mustela putorius . Skumatov, D. . Abramov, A.V. . Herrero, J. . Kitchener, A. . Maran, T. . Kranz, A.. Sándor, A. . Stubbe, M. . Saveljev, A. . Savour-Soubelet, A. . Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. . 2016 . e.T41658A45214384.
36. Neovison vison . amp . Reid, F. . Schiaffini, M. . Schipper, J. . e.T41661A45214988 . 2016.
37. Capreolus capreolus . Lovari, S. . Herrero, J. . Masseti, M. . Ambarli, H. . Lorenzini, R. . Giannatos, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T42395A22161386.
38. Cervus elaphus . Lovari, S. . Lorenzini, R. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Carden, R.F. . Brook, S.M. . Mattioli, S. . amp . e.T55997072A142404453 . 2018.
39. Masseti, M. . Mertzanidou, D. . 2008 . Dama dama . 2008 . e.T42188A10656554 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en . 19 November 2021.
40. Sus scrofa . amp . Keuling, O. . Leus, K. . e.T41775A44141833 . 2019.
41. Bison bonasus . Plumb, G. . Kowalczyk, R. . amp . Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. . 2020 . e.T2814A45156279.