List of college literary societies explained

The following is a list of college literary societies by country.

Canadian college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Levana Debating SocietyQueen's University at KingstonKingston, Ontario, CanadaInactive[1]
Queen's Alma Mater Society 1858Queen's University at KingstonKingston, Ontario, Canada
Queen's Debating Union1843Queen's University at KingstonKingston, Ontario, CanadaActive
University College Literary and Athletic SocietyUniversity College, TorontoToronto, Ontario, CanadaActive[2]

Indian college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Eulexian Society1860St. Stephen's College, DelhiUniversity Enclave, New Delhi, IndiaInactive[3]
English Literary SocietyShri Ram College of CommerceDelhi, IndiaActive[4]
English Literary SocietyGuru Nanak Khalsa College for WomenLudhiana, IndiaActive[5]
English Literary SocietySt. Joseph's College, BangaloreBangalore, IndiaActive[6]
The English Literary SocietySt. Stephen's College, DelhiUniversity Enclave, New Delhi, IndiaActive[7]

Irish college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Literary & Debating Society1846University of GalwayGalway, IrelandActive[8]
English & Literary Society (LitSoc)University College DublinDublin, IrelandActive[9]

United Kingdom college literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding date and rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
The English SocietySt. John's College, CambridgeCambridge, EnglandActive[10]
The English SocietyUniversity of ManchesterManchester, EnglandActive[11]
Shirley Society1919St Catharine's College, CambridgeCambridge, EnglandActive[12]

United States men's literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding dateand rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Addisonian Society1851Kentucky Military InstituteLyndon, KentuckyInactive
Addisonian Society1861Wayland Baptist UniversityPlainview, TexasInactive
Adelphean Society1851Wesleyan UniversityMiddletown, ConnecticutInactive
Adelphene Society1868Union Christian College, MeromMerom, IndianaInactive
Adelphian Society1860Furman UniversityGreenville, South CarolinaInactive[13]
Adelphic Society1860Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IllinoisInactive[14]
Adelphi Society1845Knox CollegeGalesburg, IllinoisInactive[15]
Adelphi Society1842Howard CollegeBirmingham, AlabamaInactive[16]
Adelphian Society – December 10, 1880Colgate UniversityHamilton, New YorkInactive[17]
Adelphian Society1858Cornell CollegeMount Vernon, IowaInactive
Adelphic Society1796Union CollegeSchenectady, New YorkInactive[18]
Adelphic Society1831–1840Western Reserve UniversityHudson, OhioInactive[19]
Adelphic Society1872Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive
Adelphic Union Literary Society1870Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Aeonian Society – 1887Colgate UniversityHamilton, New YorkInactive[20]
Agatheridan Society1825University of NashvilleNashville, TennesseeInactive
Alka Society1866Willamette UniversitySalem, OregonInactive[21]
Alamo Society1873Southwestern UniversityGeorgetown, TexasInactive[22]
Alethezethian Society1854Antioch CollegeYellow Springs, OhioInactive[23]
Alethean Society1855Baldwin UniversityBerea, OhioInactive
Alethean Society1859Beloit CollegeBeloit, WisconsinInactive
Alethean Society1881Southwestern UniversityGeorgetown, TexasInactive
Alethearian Society1849Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive[24]
Alexandrian Society1821Amherst CollegeAmherst, MassachusettsInactive[25]
Alfreidian Lyceum Society1846Alfred UniversityAlfred, New YorkInactive
Alleghenian Lyceum Society1851Alfred UniversityAlfred, New YorkInactive
Allegheny Society1835Allegheny CollegeMeadville, PennsylvaniaInactive
Alpha Delta Society1868Hiram CollegeHiram, OhioInactive[26]
Alpha Kappa Phi Society1857Hillsdale CollegeHillsdale, MichiganInactive
Alpha Kappa Society1839Marietta CollegeMarietta, OhioInactive
Alpha Nu Society1843University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganInactive
Alpha Omega Delta Literary Society1947Bob Jones UniversityGreenville, South CarolinaActive[27]
Alpha Sigma1882Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive[28] [29]
American Whig Society1765–1928Princeton UniversityPrinceton, New JerseyInactive
American Whig-Cliosophic Society1928Princeton UniversityPrinceton, New JerseyActive[30]
Amphictyon Society1853Cornell CollegeMount Vernon, IowaInactive
Amphictyon Society1851Lawrence UniversityAppleton, WisconsinInactive
Amphictyon Society1857Hillsdale CollegeHillsdale, MichiganInactive
Animi Cultus1867–1882Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Archaean Society1859Beloit CollegeBeloit, WisconsinInactive
Archanian SocietyUniversity of the PacificStockton, CaliforniaActive[31]
Aristotelian Society1854Central Methodist UniversityFayette, MissouriInactive
Aristotelian SocietyHarlem Springs CollegeHarlem Springs, OhioInactive
Aristonian Society1870Wheaton CollegeWheaton, IllinoisInactive
Atheneum Society1870Willamette UniversitySalem, OregonInactive
Arkansas Literary and Debating Society1879Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive[32]
Athena1916–1933University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive[33]
Athena Society1858Lawrence UniversityAppleton, WisconsinInactive
Athenaean Society1802–1887Bowdoin CollegeBrunswick, MaineInactive[34]
Athenaeum Society1824Trinity CollegeHartford, ConnecticutInactive
Athenaeum Society1860University of ChicagoChicago, IllinoisInactive
Athenaean Society1869King CollegeBristol, TennesseeInactive
Atheniaedes Society1845Albion CollegeAlbion, MichiganInactive[35]
Athenian Literary Society1900Ouachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive[36]
Athenian Society1776–1786Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, New JerseyInactive[37]
Athenian Society1821Amherst CollegeAmherst, MassachusettsInactive
Athenian Society1830Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington, IndianaInactive[38]
Athenian Society1850University of WisconsinMadison, WisconsinInactive[39]
Athenian Society1851Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelaware, OhioInactive
Athenian Society1867Tennessee Wesleyan CollegeAthens, TennesseeInactive
Bachelor Society1870Iowa State UniversityAmes, IowaInactive
Baconian Society1870–1906State University of New York at PotsdamPotsdam, New YorkInactive[40] [41]
Bainonian1875Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Basilian Society1869Niagara UniversityLewiston, New YorkInactive
Belles Lettres Society1786Dartmouth CollegeHanover, New HampshireActive[42] [43]
Belles Lettres Society1786Dickinson CollegeCarlisle, PennsylvaniaActive[44]
Belles Letters Society1859Illinois Wesleyan UniversityBloomington, IllinoisInactive[45]
Belles Letters Society1850Lycoming CollegeWilliamsport, PennsylvaniaInactive
Belles Letters Society1851MacMurray CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisInactive[46]
Belles Lettres Society1859Southern UniversityGreensboro, AlabamaInactive[47] [48]
Beltionian Society1856Wheaton CollegeWheaton, IllinoisInactive[49]
Benjamin Franklin Literary and Debating Society2015University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaActive[50]
Berean Society1861University of ChicagoChicago, IllinoisInactive[51]
Beth-Hacma1829–1860sMaryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Beth-Hacma ve Berith1834Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Bettina Society1871German Wallace CollegeBerea, OhioInactive
Bonhommian Society1871Highland UniversityHighland, KansasInactive
Brothers in Unity1768–1870s, 2022Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutActive
Brown Debating ClubStockwell Collegiate InstituteStockwell, IndianaInactive
Burke Society2010University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaActive[52] [53]
Byronic Literary SocietyHarlem Springs CollegeHarlem Springs, OhioInactive
Calhoun Society1854Wofford CollegeSpartanburg, South CarolinaInactive[54]
Calliope Academy1855Spring Hill CollegeMobile, AlabamaInactive[55]
Calliopean Society1793–1890Union CollegeSchenectady, New YorkInactive[56]
Calliopean Society1819Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutActive[57] [58]
Calliopean Society1830Maine Wesleyan SeminaryKents Hill, MaineInactive
Calliopean Society1835Granville Literary and Theological InstitutionGranville, Ohio.Inactive
Calliopean Society1840Emory & Henry CollegeEmory, VirginiaActive[59]
Calliopean Society1845The CitadelCharleston, South CarolinaInactive[60]
Calliopean Society1847Wabash CollegeCrawfordsville, IndianaInactive
Calliopean Society1879Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TexasInactive[61]
Castelian Society1870Rockford CollegeRockford, IllinoisInactive
Chi Beta Society1920Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive[62]
Chi Delta Society1836East Tennessee UniversityKnoxville, TennesseeInactive[63]
Chrestomathean Society1847Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelaware, OhioInactive
Chrestomathean1889–Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaInactive[64]
Chrestomathian Society1853Grinnell CollegeGrinnell, IowaInactive
Chrestomathic Society1848–1948College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaInactive[65]
Ciceronian Society1823George Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.Inactive[66]
Ciceronian Society1834Mercer UniversityMacon, GeorgiaInactive[67] [68]
Ciceronian Society1839–Georgetown CollegeGeorgetown, KentuckyInactive
Ciceronian Society1850Roanoke CollegeSalem, VirginiaInactive
Clariosophic Literary Society1873University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Clariosophic Society1806–xxxx ?; 2013University of South CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaActive[69] [70] [71]
Cleo of Alpha Chi1877Trinity CollegeHartford, ConnecticutActive[72]
Clever Fellows Society1844Albion CollegeAlbion, MichiganInactive[73]
Clio Society1853Capital UniversityBexley, OhioInactive
Clio Society1885Southwestern UniversityGeorgetown, TexasInactive
Clionian Literary Society1869McKendree CollegeLebanon, IllinoisActive[74]
Clionian Society1851Free Academy of the City of New YorkNew York City, New YorkInactive[75]
Clionian Society1866Almira CollegeGreenville, IllinoisInactive
Cliolian Society1871Iowa State UniversityAmes, IowaInactive
Cliosophic Society1765–1928Princeton UniversityPrinceton, New JerseyInactive
Cliosophic Society1838Georgetown CollegeGeorgetown, KentuckyInactive[76]
Clariosophic Society1859Southern UniversityGreensboro, AlabamaInactive
Columbian Debating Society1845 – October 10, 1846Richmond CollegeRichmond, VirginiaInactive[77]
Crescent Society1855Antioch CollegeYellow Springs, OhioInactive
Crescent Society1870Iowa State UniversityAmes, IowaInactive
Crotonia Society1750–1772Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutInactive
Daedalian Literary Society1923Indiana State Normal SchoolTerre Haute, IndianaInactive[78]
De La Salle Club1865Manhattan CollegeNew York City, New YorkInactive
Delean Society1859Beloit CollegeBeloit, WisconsinInactive
Delphic Society1854–1875Hiram CollegeHiram, OhioInactive[79] [80]
Delphic Society1871–1889State University of New York at GeneseoGeneseo, New YorkInactive[81]
Delta Rho Society1926–1928Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive
Delta Sigma Society1892Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive
Demosthenian Literary Society1803University of GeorgiaAthens, GeorgiaActive[82]
Demosthenean Literary Society1907University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive[83]
Diagnothian Society1835Franklin & Marshall CollegeLancaster, PennsylvaniaInactive
Dialectic Society1795University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North CarolinaActive
Dialectic Society1839Oberlin CollegeOberlin, OhioInactive[84]
Eclectic Society1845Albion CollegeAlbion, MichiganInactive
Elizabethan Club1911Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutActive[85]
Emma Willards Society1853Waynesburg CollegeWaynesburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Enosinian Society1822George Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.Active[86] [87]
Erodelphian1843–1845Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaInactive
Erodelphian Society1862–1933University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Erodelphian Literary Society1825–1924Miami UniversityOxford, OhioInactive[88]
Erodelphian Society1854Burlington CollegeBurlington, VermontInactive
Erodelphian Society1870Highland UniversityHighland, KansasInactive
Erosophian Adelphoi Society1835Colby CollegeWaterville, MaineInactive
Erosophic Society1831–1933University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, AlabamaInactive[89] [90]
Erosophic Society1847Mercer UniversityMacon, GeorgiaInactive
Erosophic Society1891Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive
Erosophian Society1855Marshall UniversityHuntington, West VirginiaInactive
Erosophian Society1860Lombard CollegeGalesburg, IllinoisInactive
Erosophian Society1865Baylor CollegeWaco, TexasInactive
Eucleian Society1834–1943New York UniversityNew York City, New YorkInactive
Euglossian Society1913Heidelberg UniversityTiffin, OhioActive[91]
Erosophian Society1867Albion CollegeAlbion, MichiganInactive
Eulexian Literary Society – January 1870; March 1871St. Augustine CollegeBenicia, CaliforniaInactive[92]
Eulexian Society1860St. Stephens CollegeAnnandale-on-Hudson, New YorkInactive
Eutaxian Society1876University of OregonEugene, OregonInactive
Eumenean Society1837McKendree CollegeLebanon, IllinoisActive[93]
Eumenean Society1898–1918Birmingham–Southern CollegeBirmingham, AlabamaInactive
Euphemian Literary Society1839Erskine CollegeDue West, South CarolinaActive[94]
Euphradian Society1806University of South CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaActive
Euphradian Society1831College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaInactive
Euphronean Society1835Wabash CollegeCrawfordsville, IndianaInactive[95]
Eupia Society1850Bucknell UniversityLewisburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Eurodelphian Society1857Spring Hill CollegeMobile, AlabamaInactive
Euterpean Society1867Muhlenberg CollegeAllentown, PennsylvaniaInactive[96]
Euzelian Society1835Wake Forest UniversityWake Forest, North CarolinaActive[97]
Excelsior Men's Society1851Heidelberg UniversityTiffin, OhioActive
Excelsior Society1858Albright CollegeReading, PennsylvaniaInactive
Excelsior Society1872Wheaton CollegeWheaton, IllinoisInactive
F. H. C.1750–1787College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive[98]
Few Society – 1932Emory UniversityAtlanta, GeorgiaInactive[99]
Franklin Literary Society1797Jefferson CollegeCanonsburg, PennsylvaniaActive[100]
Franklin Literary Society1898Hendrix CollegeConway, ArkansasInactive
Franklin Literary Society1908University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Franklin Polemic Society1833–1834Mercer UniversityMacon, GeorgiaInactive
Franklin Reading Society1860Furman UniversityGreenville, South CarolinaInactive[101]
Franklin Society1824–1834Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandInactive[102]
Franklin Society1826College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive
Franklin Society1831–1840Western Reserve UniversityHudson, OhioInactive
Franklin Society1842Howard CollegeBirmingham, AlabamaInactive
Franklin Society1843Granville Literary and Theological InstitutionGranville, OhioInactive
Franklin SocietyRicmond CollegeRichmond, VirginiaInactive
Gamma Delta Society1911Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive
Gamma Epsilon Society1852Lycoming CollegeWilliamsport, PennsylvaniaInactive
Gamma Nu Society1897Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive
Gamma Phi Society1833–Colgate UniversityHamilton, New YorkInactive[103]
Gamma Sigma Literary Society1891Henderson State UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Garland Literary SocietyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Garland Literary Society1886University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Garnet Society1866Lincoln UniversityOxford, PennsylvaniaInactive
German Verein1859–1942German Wallace CollegeBerea, OhioInactive
Germanae Sodales Society1859Hillsdale CollegeHillsdale, MichiganInactive
Gnothautii Society1849Knox CollegeGalesburg, IllinoisInactive
Grady Literary Society1895University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Grinnell Institute1870Grinnell CollegeGrinnell, IowaInactive
Hamlin Garland1920–1934Heidelberg UniversityTiffin, OhioInactive
Hamline Society1854Iowa Wesleyan CollegeMount Pleasant, IowaInactive[104]
Harlan Literary Society1899–1952Hendrix CollegeConway, ArkansasInactive
Henodelphisterian Society1820Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington, IndianaInactive
Hermaean Society1849–1946University of MississippiOxford, MississippiInactive[105]
Hermean Society1811University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaInactive[106]
Hermean Society1845Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive
Hermesian Literary Society1888Ouachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Hermesian Society1840Emory & Henry CollegeEmory, VirginiaActive
Hentz Society1853LaGrange CollegeLaGrange, GeorgiaInactive[107]
Hesperian Society1857Ohio Female CollegeCincinnati, OhioInactive
Hesperian Society1863–1933University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Hesperian Society1912Heidelberg UniversityTiffin, OhioInactive
Hinman Society1856Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IllinoisInactive
Hyperion Society1855Marshall UniversityHuntington, West VirginiaInactive
Institute of 17701770Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsInactive
Irving Institute1864–1929University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Irving Literary SocietyAndalusia CollegePennsylvaniaInactive
Irving Society1868–1888Cornell UniversityIthaca, New YorkInactive[108]
Irving Society1870College of WoosterWooster, OhioInactive
Ionian Society1857Earlham CollegeRichmond, IndianaInactive
Jefferson Society1825University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaActive[109] [110]
John Adams Society2014Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsActive[111]
Judson Society1853LaGrange CollegeLaGrange, GeorgiaInactive
Laurean Society1876University of OregonEugene, OregonInactive[112]
Lee Literary Society1906University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Lehigh Junto1868Lehigh UniversityBethlehem, PennsylvaniaInactive
L'Etoile1884Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive
Licivyronian Society1839College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive
Lincoln Association1866Illinois Soldiers CollegeFulton, IndianaInactive[113] [114]
Linnean Society1854Mount Union CollegeAlliance, OhioInactive
Linonian Society1753Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutActive
Literary Adelphi Society1857University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganInactive
Literary Fraternity1827Colby CollegeWaterville, MaineInactive
Literary Society1859University of Maryland, College ParkCollege Park, MarylandInactive[115]
The Literary Society1888Winthrop UniversityRock Hill, South CarolinaActive[116]
Lyceum Society1847Wabash CollegeCrawfordsville, IndianaInactive
Mathesian Society1856Northwestern Christian UniversityIndianapolis, IndianaInactive[117]
Miami Union Literary Society1825–1928Miami UniversityOxford, OhioInactive
Mu Sigma Rho Literary Society – 1861;October 5, 1866Richmond CollegeRichmond, VirginiaInactive[118]
Neocosmian Society1859Albright CollegeReading, PennsylvaniaInactive
Neotrophian Society1867Bethel CollegeRussellville, KentuckyInactive
Nu Pi Kappa Society1828Kenyon CollegeGambier, OhioInactive[119] [120]
Octave Thanet1900–1933University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Orthopatetic Society1869Blackburn CollegeCarlinville, IllinoisInactive
Orophilian Lyceum Society1850Alfred UniversityAlfred, New YorkInactive
Ossoli Society1874Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IllinoisInactive
P. D. A.1773–1781College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive[121]
Parthenian Society1853University of BaltimoreBaltimore, MarylandInactive
Parthenon Society1827Trinity CollegeHartford, ConnecticutInactive
Patrick Henry Society1819–1830, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaInactive[122]
Peithissophian Society1825–1891Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, New JerseyInactive
Peithologian Society1806Columbia UniversityNew York City, New YorkInactive
Peithologian Society1831Wesleyan UniversityMiddletown, ConnecticutInactive
Periclean Literary Society1900University of ArkansasFayetteville, ArkansasInactive
Periclesian Society1853Franklin CollegeFranklin, IndianaInactive[123]
Peucinian Society1805Bowdoin CollegeBrunswick, MaineActive
Phi Alpha Literary Society1845Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive
Phi Alpha Pi Society1861Olivet CollegeOlivet, MichiganInactive
Phi Alpha Society1854Central Methodist UniversityFayette, MissouriInactive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1776–1787College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1780Yale UniversityNew Haven, ConnecticutActive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1781Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsActive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1787Dartmouth CollegeHanover, New HampshireActive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1830Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandActive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1817Union CollegeSchenectady, New YorkActive
Phi Beta Kappa Society1825Bowdoin CollegeBrunswick, MaineActive
Phi Delta Society1834–late 1930s; October 1967–xxxx ?Mercer UniversityMacon, GeorgiaInactive
Phi Delta Society1839–1863Oglethorpe UniversityBrookhaven, GeorgiaInactive[124]
Phi Delta Society1840Western Reserve UniversityHudson, OhioInactive
Phi Delta Society1868Berea CollegeBerea, KentuckyInactive
Phi Gamma Society1837College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaInactive
Phi Kappa Literary Society1820University of GeorgiaAthens, GeorgiaActive[125]
Phi Nu Society1853MacMurray CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisInactive
Phi Phi Alpha Society1842University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganInactive
Phi Sigma Nu Society1803University of VermontBurlington, VermontInactive
Phi Sigma Society1849–1934University of MississippiOxford, MississippiInactive[126]
Philadelphian Society1856Monmouth CollegeMonmouth, IllinoisInactive
Philal-Union SocietyHanover CollegeHanover, IndianaInactive
Philaletha Society1852Otterbein CollegeWesterville, OhioInactive
Philalethean Literary Society1913Taylor UniversityUpland, IndianaInactive[127]
Philalethean Society1855Lawrence UniversityAppleton, WisconsinInactive
Philalethean Society1913Heidelberg UniversityTiffin, OhioActive[128]
Philalethic Literary Society1856Santa Clara CollegeSanta Clara, CaliforniaInactive[129]
Philanthropic Literary Society1807–1929Hampden–Sydney CollegeHampden Sydney, VirginiaInactive[130]
Philanthropic Society1795University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North CarolinaActive
Philanthropic Society1837Emory UniversityAtlanta, GeorgiaActive
Phileans Society1853Waynesburg CollegeWaynesburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philermenian Society1794–1866Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandInactive[131]
Philestorian Debating SocietySanta Clara CollegeSanta Clara, CaliforniaInactive
Philo-Christomathean Society1849Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philo-Franklin Society1834Allegheny CollegeMeadville, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philo Literary Society1797Jefferson CollegeCanonsburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philoclean Society1825–1892Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, New JerseyInactive
Philocurian Society1868Northwestern Christian UniversityIndianapolis, IndianaInactive
Philodemic Society1830Georgetown UniversityWashington, D.C.Active[132] [133]
Philokosmian Society1867Lebanon Valley CollegeAnnville, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philolexian Society1802Columbia UniversityNew York City, New YorkActive[134]
Philolexian Society1851Kalamazoo CollegeKalamazoo, MichiganInactive
Philologian Society1795Williams CollegeWilliamstown, MassachusettsInactive
Philologian Society – April 22, 1861; October 27, 1867Richmond CollegeRichmond, VirginiaInactive[135]
Philologian Society1870St. Stephens CollegeAnnandale-on-Hudson, New YorkInactive
Philological Society1807University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philological Society1839Indiana Asbury CollegeGreencastle, IndianaInactive
Philomathean Literary Society1851–1857Carson-Newman CollegeJefferson City, TennesseeInactive[136]
Philomathean Literary Society1888Ouachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Philomathean Society1813University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaActive
Philomathean Society1828College of CharlestonCharleston, South CarolinaInactive
Philomathean Society1831Indiana UniversityBloomington, IndianaInactive
Philomathean Society–1891New York UniversityNew York City, New YorkInactive[137]
Philomathean Society1834Wabash CollegeCrawfordsville, IndianaInactive
Philalathean Society1839–Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaMerged[138]
Philomathean Society1842Erskine CollegeDue West, South CarolinaActive[139]
Philomathean Society1846Muskingum CollegeNew Concord, OhioInactive
Philomathean Society1851Waynesburg CollegeWaynesburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philomathean Society1852Hiram CollegeHiram, OhioInactive
Philomathean Society1852Wesleyan UniversityMiddletown, ConnecticutActive
Philomathean Society1856Willamette UniversitySalem, OregonInactive
Philomathean Society1857Otterbein CollegeWesterville, OhioInactive
Philomathean Society1860Milton CollegeMilton, WisconsinInactive
Philomathean Society1866Union Christian CollegeMerom, IndianaInactive
Philomathean Society1868Iowa State UniversityAmes, IowaInactive
Philomathean Society1869Tennessee Wesleyan CollegeAthens, TennesseeInactive
Philomathean Society1871University of the PacificStockton, CaliforniaActive[140]
Philomathean Society1883Lyon CollegeBatesville, ArkansasInactive
Philomathean Society1928–1928University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Philomathean Society1991Union CollegeSchenectady, New YorkActive[141]
Philomathesian Society1827Kenyon CollegeGambier, OhioInactive
Philomathesian Society1835Wake Forest UniversityWake Forest, North CarolinaInactive
Philomathesian Society1836East Tennessee UniversityKnoxville, TennesseeInactive
Philomathesian Society1839Oberlin CollegeOberlin, OhioInactive
Philomathian Society1852University of MississippiOxford, MississippiInactive
Philomathian Society1854Bethel CollegeRussellville, KentuckyInactive
Philomathian Society1868Illinois Industrial UniversityUrbana, IllinoisInactive
Philomathic Society1832–1943University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, AlabamaInactive
Philomatic Society1848Spring Hill CollegeMobile, AlabamaInactive
Philoneikean Society1856Moores Hill CollegeEvansville, IndianaInactive[142]
Philopaedian SocietySt. Xavier CollegeCincinnati, OhioInactive
Philopenthean Society1855Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philophrenian Society1850Columbian CollegeNew York City, New YorkInactive
Philophrenian Society1855George Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.Inactive
Philophronean Society1851Otterbein CollegeWesterville, OhioInactive
Philosophian Society1837Indiana Asbury CollegeGreencastle, IndianaInactive
Philosophian Society1846Wittenberg CollegeSpringfield, OhioInactive
Philosophian Society1860Furman UniversityGreenville, South CarolinaInactive
Philosophian Society1867Lincoln UniversityOxford, PennsylvaniaInactive
Philosophronian Society1830–1839Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaMerged[143]
Philotechnian Society1795Williams CollegeWilliamstown, MassachusettsInactive
Philotechnic Society1870Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, LouisianaInactive
Philorhetorian Society1831Wesleyan UniversityMiddletown, ConnecticutInactive
Philozetian Society1826Western Reserve UniversityHudson, OhioInactive
Phoenix Band Society1856Earlham CollegeRichmond, IndianaInactive
Phoenix Society1814Hamilton CollegeClinton, New YorkInactive
Phoenix Society1855Lawrence UniversityAppleton, WisconsinInactive
Photozotean Society1869Moores Hill CollegeEvansville, IndianaInactive
Phreno-Cosmian Society1857Baldwin UniversityBerea, OhioInactive
Phrenocosmian Society1852Free Academy of the City of New YorkNew York City, New YorkInactive
Pi Delta Society1834–Colgate UniversityHamilton, New YorkInactive
Pi Pi Rho Society1929Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive
Pithonian Society1850University of RochesterRochester, New YorkInactive
Platonian Society1838Georgetown CollegeGeorgetown, KentuckyInactive
Platonian Society1849McKendree CollegeLebanon, IllinoisInactive
Polemical Society1776–1782Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, New JerseyInactive
Polytechnic Literary Society1847The CitadelCharleston, South CarolinaActive
Porcellian Society1791Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsInactive[144]
Preston Society1858Wofford CollegeSpartanburg, South CarolinaInactive
Pronouncing Society1771Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandInactive
Psi Gamma Society1839Marietta CollegeMarietta, OhioInactive
Pythonian Society1857Northwestern Christian UniversityIndianapolis, IndianaInactive
Reynolds Literary Society1860Stockwell Collegiate InstituteStockwell, IndianaInactive[145]
Rhizomian Society1858University of the PacificStockton, CaliforniaInactive
Robert E. Lee Society1898–1918Birmingham–Southern CollegeBirmingham, AlabamaInactive
Robert E. V. Rice Society1866Niagara UniversityLewiston, New YorkInactive
Roosevelt Society2015University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaActive
Ruthean Society1859Iowa Wesleyan CollegeMount Pleasant, IowaInactive[146]
St.. Aloysius Philodemics Society1851Notre Dame UniversityNotre Dame, IndianaInactive[147]
St. Joseph Literary AssociationSt. Joseph CollegeNew YorkInactive
San Jacinto Society1875Southwestern UniversityGeorgetown, TexasInactive
Scientific Society1866Wilberforce UniversityWilberforce, OhioInactive
Semicentenary Society1866Wilberforce UniversityWilberforce, OhioInactive
Sherwood Rhetorical Society1851Kalamazoo CollegeKalamazoo, MichiganInactive
Sigma Phi Epsilon Society1916Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive[148]
Sigma Pi1843Illinois CollegeJacksonville, IllinoisActive
Signet Society1870Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsActive[149]
Sigournean Society1857Moores Hill CollegeEvansville, IndianaInactive
Social Friends Society1783Dartmouth CollegeHanover, New HampshireInactive
Society for Inquiry1824Colgate UniversityHamilton, New YorkInactive
Society for Progress in Letters1789–1795Columbia UniversityNew York City, New YorkInactive
Society for Religious Inquiry1835University of VermontBurlington, VermontInactive
Sodalian Society1871Wilberforce UniversityWilberforce, OhioInactive
Sophirodelphian Society1829–1860sMaryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Sophronian Society1867Muhlenberg CollegeAllentown, PennsylvaniaInactive
Sophronikopean Society1859Missionary InstitutePennsylvaniaInactive
Soverville Society1850Ohio Female CollegeCincinnati, OhioInactive
Star Society1855Antioch CollegeYellow Springs, OhioInactive
Star Society1859Adrian CollegeAdrian, MichiganInactive
Stephen F. Austin Society1876Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TexasInactive
Stonewall Society1866Baylor CollegeWaco, TexasInactive
Students Philomathean Society1851Hartsville CollegeHartsville, IndianaInactive
Themian Society1866Quincy CollegeQuincy, MassachusettsInactive
Tau Chi Society1840College of William & MaryWilliamsburg, VirginiaInactive
Tau Theta Kappa Society1839–Georgetown CollegeGeorgetown, KentuckyInactive
Thalian Society1839Oglethorpe UniversityBrookhaven, GeorgiaActive
Theta Alphea Society1850Bucknell UniversityLewisburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
Theta Epsilon1894Maryville CollegeMaryville, TennesseeInactive
Transylvania Whig Society1829Transylvania UniversityLexington, KentuckyInactive[150]
Tri Kappa Society1861University of ChicagoChicago, IllinoisInactive
Tripartite Union1848Lycoming CollegeWilliamsport, PennsylvaniaInactive
Union Literary Society1809Washington CollegeWashington, PennsylvaniaInactive
Union Literary Society1830–Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaMerged
Union Literary Society1836Muskingum CollegeNew Concord, OhioInactive
Union Literary Society1853Geneva CollegeBeaver Falls, PennsylvaniaInactive
Union-Philanthropic Society1789Hampden–Sydney CollegeHampden Sydney, VirginiaActive[151]
Union Philosophical Society1789Dickinson CollegeCarlisle, PennsylvaniaActive
Union Philosophical Society1829Transylvania UniversityLexington, KentuckyInactive[152]
Union Society1814Hamilton CollegeClinton, New YorkInactive
Union Society1851Waynesburg CollegeWaynesburg, PennsylvaniaInactive
United Brothers Society1806–1866Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandInactive
United Fraternity1786Dartmouth CollegeHanover, New HampshireInactive
Vesperian Society1870Rockford CollegeRockford, IllinoisInactive
Wayland Society1870Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandInactive
Washington Debating Society – October 10, 1846Richmond CollegeRichmond, VirginiaInactive
Washington Literary Society1814Washington CollegeWashington, PennsylvaniaInactive
Washington Literary Society and Debating Union1831–1861, 1865–1929, 1979University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VirginiaActive[153]
Washington Society1854Bethel CollegeRussellville, KentuckyInactive
Webster Society1853Franklin CollegeFranklin, IndianaInactive
Webster Society1859University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganInactive
Whig Society1834–1839Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaMerged
Whitby1913–1928University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive
Zelosophic Society1829University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaInactive
Zenobian Society – June 10, 1970University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MinnesotaInactive[154]
Zetelethean1880–1917Hanover CollegeHanover, IndianaInactive
Zetagathea Society1845Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelaware, OhioInactive
Zetalethean Society1867Simpson CollegeIndianola, IowaInactive
Zetagathian Society1861–1933University of IowaIowa City, IowaInactive[155]

United States women's literary societies

Active societies are indicated in bold. Inactive societies and institutions are in italics.

SocietyFounding dateand rangeInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Clever Girls Society1844Albion CollegeAlbion, MichiganInactive
Corinnean SocietyOuachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Curious Literary Society1855Milwaukee Female CollegeMilwaukee, WisconsinInactive[156]
Euphrosynean Literary Society1892Newberry CollegeNewberry, South CarolinaInactive[157]
Euphrosynean Society1924University of South CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaActive
Franklin Literary Society1822–1921Randolph–Macon CollegeAshland, VirginiaInactive[158] [159]
Hypatian Society1915–1970sUniversity of South CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaInactive
Jefferson Literary Society1902–1921Randolph–Macon CollegeAshland, VirginiaInactive
Ladies' Literary Society1834Oberlin CollegeOberlin, OhioInactive
Ladies Literary Society1852Milton CollegeMilton, WisconsinInactive
Ladies Literary Union1857Hillsdale CollegeHillsdale, MichiganInactive
Kappa Iota Literary Society – 1950Alma CollegeAlma, MichiganInactive[160]
The Philaletheis Society1865Vassar CollegePoughkeepsie, New YorkActive[161]
Philomathean1891Henderson State UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Polymnian SocietyOuachita Baptist UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Upsilon Phi Literary SocietyHenderson State UniversityArkadelphia, ArkansasInactive
Washington Literary Society1833–1899, 1940sRandolph–Macon CollegeAshland, VirginiaActive[162]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History . 2023-09-23 . Queen's Debating Union . en-CA.
  2. Web site: History . 2023-09-23 . UC Lit . en-US.
  3. Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, pp. 19-135. via Google Books.
  4. Web site: English Literary Society SRCC . 2023-09-23 . www.srcc.edu.
  5. Web site: English Literary Society – Guru Nanak Khalsa College for Women . 2023-09-23 . en-US.
  6. Web site: English Literary Society . 2023-09-23 . St.Joseph College.
  7. Web site: The English Literary Society . 2023-09-23 . St. Stephen's College, Delhi . en-US.
  8. Web site: Societies - Lit & Deb . 2023-07-20 . University of Galway.
  9. Web site: English & Literary Society . 2023-09-23 . University College Dublin Student Societies . en-US.
  10. Web site: The English Society . 2023-09-23 . St John's College, University of Cambridge.
  11. Web site: Societies - School of Arts, Languages and Cultures . 2023-09-23 . The University of Manchester.
  12. Web site: July 27, 2022 . Celebrating literary successes . 2023-09-23 . St Catharine's College, Cambridge . en.
  13. McGlothlin, W. J., Baptist Beginnings in Education: a History of Furman University, (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Church, 1926), p. 115.
  14. Wilde, Arthur Herbert, Northwestern University, a History, 1855 - 1905, (New York: University Publishing Society, 1905), III, 31, 49.
  15. Calkins, Earnest Elmo, They Broke the Prairie; Being an Account of the Settlement of the Upper Mississippi Valley by Religious and Educational Pioneers, Told in Terms of One City, Galesburg, and of One College, Knox, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937), pg+N167s. 131-32.
  16. Howard College Bulletin, XXXV (October, 1927), p. 22.
  17. Velez, Philip V. (2023). Chronicle of the Delphic Fraternity Gamma Sigma Tau: Over 150 Years of Brotherhood, More than 185 Years of History (Sesquicentennial ed.). The Delphic Fraternity, Inc. pp. 11–12. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  18. Storie, Catherine Penniman. "The American College Society Library and the College Library," College and Research Libraries, VI (June 1945), pp. 242-47.
  19. Potter, David. "The Literary Society", History of Speech Education in America; Background Studies. Karl R. Wallace, editor. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1954, p. 241
  20. The Record of Phi Kappa Psi - A Short History of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity by Guy Morrison Walker, 1906
  21. Gatke, Robert Moulton, Chronicles of Willamette, the Pioneer University of the West, (Portland, Oregon: Binfords & Mort, 1943), p. 179.
  22. Web site: 2008-06-13 . The establishment of Southwestern University . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100424091826/http://impactnews.com/georgetown-hutto-taylor/history/1193-the-establishment-of-southwestern-university . 2010-04-24 . 2010-09-05 . Impactnews.com.
  23. Lyle, Guy R., "College Literary Societies in the Fifties," Library Quarterly, IV, (July 1934), pp. 488-489.
  24. Downie, James Vale, "Old Literary Societies," Geneva Alumnus, July, 195, pp. 4-5.
  25. Harding, Thomas S. College Literary Societies: Their Contribution to Higher Education in the United States, 1815-1876. New York: Pageant Press International,1971.
  26. Stein, John H., "The Development of the Hiram College Library from the Literary Society Libraries Which Formed its Nucleus," (unpublished Masters' thesis, Kent State University, 1950), pp. 23-31.
  27. Web site: Alpha Omega Delta . July 19, 2023 . Bob Jones University Vintage.
  28. Wilson, Samuel Tyndale. Century of Maryville College 1818–1918: A Story of Altruism. Maryville, Tennessee: The Directors of Marville College/J.J. Little & Ives Company, 1916. p. 199-200. via Wikimedia Commons.
  29. Web site: Lundell . Amy . Lamar Memorial Library: Insight Into the Past Exhibit: Alpha Sigma . 2023-07-21 . library.maryvillecollege.edu . en.
  30. Web site: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society .
  31. Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 15. via Google Books.
  32. Book: Blevins . Brooks . Lyon College, 1872-2002: the perseverance and promise of an Arkansas college . 2003 . University of Arkansas Press . 1557287422 . Fayetteville.
  33. Hevel . Michael . 2011 . Public Displays of Student Learning: The Role of Literary Societies in Early Iowa Higher Education . The Annals of Iowa . 70 . 1 . 1–35 . 10.17077/0003-4827.1502 . free.
  34. Book: General Catalogue of Bowdoin College and the Medical School of Maine: A Biographical Record of Alumni and Officers, 1794-1950 . Bowdoin College . 1950 . Sesquicentennial . Brunswick, Maine . v . Bowdoin Digital Commons.
  35. Eclectic and Atheniaedes Societies, Catalogue of the Officers, Members, and Library of the Eclectic and Atheniaedes Societies of Albion College, Together with the Constitutions and By-laws, (Albion: F. F. Cole, 1877), p. 3.
  36. Web site: 2015 . Gamma Sigma Literary Society Records Guides and Finding Aids . September 8, 2023 . Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons.
  37. Web site: Records of the Peithessophian Society of Rutgers College, 1825-1927 (RG 48/A1/01) . July 19, 2023 . Rutgers University Libraries . Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries..
  38. Woodburn, James Albert. History of Indiana University. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1940. I, 24, 77.
  39. Curti, Merle, and Carstensen, Vernon, The University of Wisconsin, 1848 - 1925, a History, (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1949), I, 423-424.
  40. Book: First quarto-centennial history of ... - Google Books . 2007-01-12 . 2010-09-05.
  41. Web site: Excerpts from "Normal Magazine" - March 1907 . 2010-09-05 . Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com.
  42. Morgan, James Henry. Dickinson College: the History of One Hundred and Fifty Years, 1783-1933. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College, 1933. p. 401. via Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections, accessed July 20, 2023.
  43. Web site: Dickinson College - Campus Life . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071223071122/http://www.dickinson.edu/stulife/orgdetail.cfm?oid=64 . 2007-12-23 . 2010-09-05 . Dickinson.edu.
  44. Web site: Winters-Fazio . Kelly . Belles Lettres . 2023-09-23 . Dickinson College . en.
  45. Watson, Elmo Scott. Illinois Wesleyan Story, 1850 - 1950. Bloomington, Ill.: Illinois Wesleyan University Press, 1950, pp. 38, 62, and 68.
  46. Waters, Mary, First Hundred Years of MacMurray College, (Springfield, Illinois: Williamson Priinting & Publishing Co., 1947), pp. 102-103.
  47. Perry, Wilbur Dow, History of Birmingham-Southern College, 1856 - 1931, (Methodist Publishing House, 1931), pp. 16-17.
  48. Web site: Batesel . Paul . Southern University . 2023-07-21 . Lost Colleges . en.
  49. Gardiner, Gordon P., History of the Beltionian Literary Association, (Wheaton: Wheaton College, 1936), pp. 11-13.
  50. News: Chellman . Jack . November 15, 2017 . UVa needs literary societies more than ever . The Cavalier Daily . 2017-12-05.
  51. University of Chicago, Index Universitatis, Vol. I, No. 1, March 1862.
  52. Web site: 2019-07-22 . How to Get Involved Politically at UVA . 2023-07-21 . Humans of University . en-US.
  53. Web site: 2010-11-04 . About . 2023-07-21 . The Burke Society at UVA . en.
  54. Wallace, David Duncan, History of Wofford College, 1854 - 1949, (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press), p. 79.
  55. Spring Hill College, Mobile, Alabama, 1830-1905, (Mobile, Alabama: Commercial printing Company, 1906), p. 128.
  56. Web site: Philomathean Society - History . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/19980614151828/http://www.vu.union.edu/~philo/history.html . 1998-06-14 . 2010-09-05 . Vu.union.edu.
  57. Web site: Collection: Calliopean Society, Yale College, records . 2023-07-21 . Archives at Yale . Yale University.
  58. Book: Yale University Calliopean Society . Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society, Yale College . B. L. Hamlen . 1846 . New Haven . en . Google Books.
  59. Callipoean Society, Emory and Henry College, Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society of Emory and Henry College, (Wytheville, Virginia: D. A. St. Clair, 1872), passim; Hermesian Society, Emory and Henry College, 1872Catalogue of the Library of the Calliopean Society of Emory and Henry College, (Bristol, Virginia: Bristol News Book and Job Office, 1872), passim.
  60. Web site: Brief History of The Citadel . 2010-09-05 . Citadel.edu.
  61. Web site: Drisker . Tiarra . May 16, 2023 . Blast From the Past: 10 Student Orgs of Yesteryear . 2023-09-08 . Texas A&M Foundation.
  62. Web site: Illinois College - Student Activities - Literary Societies . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090725125528/http://www.ic.edu/studentlife/litsocieties.asp . 2009-07-25 . 2009-04-28.
  63. White, Moses, Early History of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville: By Order of the Board of Trustees, 1879), pp. 32-33.
  64. Web site: Austgen . Suzanne M. . A History of Literary Societies at Hanover College . 2023-07-21 . Hanover College.
  65. Web site: Chrestomathy . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090302024309/http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/ . March 2, 2009 . 2010-09-05 . Cofc.edu.
  66. Web site: 2010-06-13 . Student Organizations: Enosinian Society The GW and Foggy Bottom Historical Encyclopedia . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100613115329/http://encyclopedia.gwu.edu/gwencyclopedia/index.php?title=Student_Organizations:_Enosinian_Society . June 13, 2010 . 2023-07-21 . Special Collections Research Center Gelman Library.
  67. News: Dayton . Bill . October 27, 1967 . Revived Literary Society to Rival Ciceronians . XLIX . 1 . Mercer Cluster . 5 . September 8, 2023.
  68. Rose, Richard M. "Diverging Paths: The Emergence of Secret Societies In Antebellum Georgia Colleges." The Georgia Historical Quarterly 70, no. 1 (1986): 49-50. via JSTOR, accessed September 8, 2023.
  69. Web site: About Us . 2023-07-21 . The Clariosophic Literary Society.
  70. Web site: Clariosophic Literary Society Records of the University of South Carolina, 1806-1983 . July 20, 2023 . Digital Collections, University of South Carolina Libraries.
  71. Book: A Women's Right . McKissick Museum . 2020 . Columbia, South Carolina . 23 . en.
  72. Web site: Bell . Ashley . 2008-02-08 . A Look at the Greek Scene on Campus . 2023-09-08 . The Trinity TriBlog . en.
  73. Erosophian Society, Catalogue of the Officers, Members, Graduates, and Library of the Erosophian Society of Albion College,

    (Albion: Cole's Steam Printing House, 1879), p. 3.

  74. Walton, William Clarance, Centennial McKendree College with St. Clair County History, (Lebanon, Ill.: McKendree, 1928), pp. 310-312.
  75. Web site: Social Activities on Lexington Avenue Upton Sinclair, Class of 1897 . 2023-07-21 . en-US.
  76. Easterly, James Harold, History of the College of Charleston, Founded 1770, Charleston, S.C., 1935. pp. 82-83 and137-138.
  77. Barlow . W. H. . April 1916 . The Philologian Literary Society . The Messenger . Richmond College . 42 . 7 . 401 . September 8, 2023 . Richmond University.
  78. The Daedalian Literary Society at Indiana State became Delta Lambda Sigma in 1923; Delta Lambda Sigma affiliated with Lambda Chi Alpha in 1952. http://cougar.indstate.edu/u?/isuarchive,6581
  79. Wilde, Arthur Herbert, Northwestern University, a History, 1855 - 1905, (New York: University Publishing Society, 1905), III, 31, 49.
  80. Web site: A memorial.: The reunion of the Delphic literary society, of Hiram College, 1854-1875 . 2010-09-05 . Quod.lib.umich.edu.
  81. The Normalian (1915), SUNY Geneseo Yearbook, p. 57.
  82. Web site: About Us . 2010-09-05 . Demosthenian Literary Society .
  83. Book: Reynolds . John Hugh . History of the University of Arkansas . Thomas . David Yancey . 1910 . University of Arkansas.
  84. Fletcher, Robert Samuel, A Historyof Oberlin College from its Foundation Through the Civil War, (Oberlin, Ohio: Oberlin College, 1943), II, p. 761.
  85. Web site: Hahamy . Madison . 2020-02-21 . Living with the Lizzie . 2023-09-08 . Yale Daily News . en.
  86. Web site: Student Organizations: Enosinian Society . 2012-12-06.
  87. Web site: Mission & History . 2023-07-21 . GWU Debate & Literary Society . en-US.
  88. Book: Havighurst, Walter . The Miami Years . G. P. Putnam's Sons . 1984 . New York . 73–89.
  89. Book: Wolfe, Suzanne Rau . The University of Alabama: A Pictorial History . University of Alabama Press . 1983 . 0-8173-0119-4 . Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
  90. Web site: Porterfield . Katie . April 13, 2006 . Campus life: 'Secret societies' became fraternities . 2023-07-21 . The Tuscaloosa News . en-US.
  91. Web site: Heidelberg University. Societies . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101010030353/http://www.heidelberg.edu/studentlife/studentactivities/greeklife/societies . 2010-10-10 . 2010-09-05 . Heidelberg.edu.
  92. Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 17. via Google Books.
  93. Web site: Literary Societies . dead . https://archive.today/20060909170719/http://library.davidson.edu/archives/ency/euphi.asp . 2006-09-09 . 2010-09-05 . Library.davidson.edu. Heidi J. Lewis, Jurisprudence at Davidson College Before the Civil War.
  94. Web site: Euphemian Literary Society . 2010-09-05 . Euphemian.org.
  95. Osborne, James inslInsleyd Gronert, Theodore Gregory, Wabash College: the First Hundred Years, 1832-1932, (Crawfordsville,

    Indiana: R. E. Banta, 1932), p. 103.

  96. davi Davidsonhn S., "Literary Society Libraries at Muhlenberg College," College and Research Libraries, XVII, (April 1955), p. 184.
  97. Paschal, George Washington, History of Wake Forest College, (Wake Forest, N. C.: Wake Forest College, 1935), I, p. 490.
  98. Potter, David. Debating in the Colonial Chartered Colleges; an Historical Survey, 1642 to 1900. New York: Teacher's College, Columbia University, 1944, pp. 67-70.
  99. Web site: Student Debates: Few Society . 2023-09-08 . Emory Report Techniques . en-US.
  100. Book: McClelland, W.C. . The Centennial Celebration of the Chartering of Jefferson College in 1802 . George H. Buchanan and Company . 1903 . Philadelphia . 111–132 . A History of Literary Societies at Washington & Jefferson College . https://books.google.com/books?id=t1QyAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111 . Google Books.
  101. McGlothlin, W. J., Baptist Beginnings in Education: a History of Furman University, (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Church, 1926), p. 115.
  102. Web site: Encyclopedia Brunoniana Franklin Society . 2010-09-05 . Brown.edu.
  103. Book: Velez, Philip V. . Chronicle of the Delphic Fraternity Gamma Sigma Tau: Over 150 Years of Brotherhood, More than 185 Years of History . The Delphic Fraternity, Inc. . 2023 . Sesquicentennial . 9–10 . en . September 8, 2023.
  104. Hamline Literary Society, Regular Open Session of the Hamline Literary Society at University Chapel, Friday evening, June 2nd, 1876.
  105. Book: Ole Miss (Yearbook) . University of Mississippi . 1916 . Oxford, Mississippi . 176 . en . Internet Archive.
  106. Web site: College Class of 1811: Students . 2023-07-21 . University Archives and Records Center . University of Pennsylvania . en.
  107. LaGrange Female College, Catalog of the Faculty, Pupils, and Patrons of the LaGrange Female College, at LaGrange, Ga., for the Scholastic Year Closing July 13th, 1853, (New York: John F. Trow, Printer, 1853), pp. 21-22.
  108. F.E. Moyer, "Cornell Student Activities," ''Cornell Magazine''. 8:4 (January 1895) p. 192.
  109. Web site: Jefferson Society . 2010-09-05 . Jefferson Society.
  110. Web site: Viccellio . Robert . Wrapped in Mystery: A guide to secret—and not-so-secret—student organizations at UVA . 2023-07-21 . Virginia Magazine . en.
  111. Web site: DArms . Cecila R. . Hong . Sarah J. . December 13, 2017 . Duels, Drinks, Debates: Inside the John Adams Society . 2023-09-23 . The Harvard Crimson.
  112. Sheldon, Henry D., The University of Oregon Library, 1882 - 1942, ("Studies in Bibliography, no. 1"; Eugene: University of Oregon Library, 1942), p. 3.
  113. Web site: Illinois Soldiers College, 1866-1873 . 2023-07-21 . Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
  114. Book: History of Whiteside County, Illinois: From Its First Settlement to the Present Time; with Numerous Biographical and Family Sketches . L. P. Allen, Printer and Binder . 1877 . 978-0-608-35723-2 . Bent . Charles . Morrison, Illinois . 178–179 . en . Google Books.
  115. Cordell, E. F., University of Maryland (1807-1907), (New York: Lewis Publishing Company, 1907), I, p. 475.
  116. Web site: Department of English - Organizations . 2023-09-08 . Winthrop University.
  117. Smith, Leland R., The Early Days of the Pythonian Society, MS, p. 1.
  118. Allen . B. D. . The Mu Sigma Rho Literary Society . The Messenger . 42 . 7 . 408 and 410 . September 8, 2023 . Richmond University.
  119. Parker, Wyman W., "The College Reading of a President", Library Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 4 (April, 191) p. 107. via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
  120. 2014 . Club Scene . Kenyon Alumni Magazine . Winter . July 20, 2023.
  121. Carson, Jane. James Innes and His Brothers of the F.H.C. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University Press of Virginia, 1965.
  122. Web site: The Psychedelic '60s: Literary Tradition and Social Change . 2023-07-21 . University of Virginia Library Online Exhibits.
  123. Cady, John F., Centennial History of Franklin College, (Franklin: Franklin College of Indiana, 1934), p. 128.
  124. Tankersley, Allen P., College Life at Old Oglethorpe, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1951), pp. 45-46.
  125. Web site: News - Phi Kappa Literary Society at UGA, The University of Georgia . 2010-09-05 . Phikappa.org.
  126. Web site: Marion . Andrew . 2018-04-12 . Enslaved Laborers and The Phi Sigma Society . 2023-09-08 . University of Mississippi Slavery Research Group . en-US.
  127. News: October 23, 1929 . New Philaletheans' Entertainment is a Surprise Party . 1 . The Echo . September 8, 2023.
  128. Web site: Philalethean Society . 2023-09-08 . Heidelberg University.
  129. Seeley, I. C. Manual of College Literary Societies with Statistical Table. Kalamazoo: Chaplin & Ihling Bro's Book and Job Printers, 1871, p. 16. via Google Books.
  130. "UPLS History | Union-Philanthropic Society". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
  131. Web site: Mitchell . Martha . Philermenian Society . 2010-09-05 . Encyclopedia Brunoniana . Brown University.
  132. Web site: 2022-02-02 . Philodemic Society – Georgetown's Premier Debate Society . https://web.archive.org/web/20220202215401/https://philodemicsociety.org/ . 2022-02-02 . 2023-07-21.
  133. Web site: Agar . John . 2022-03-03 . Where Did the Philodemic Society Go Wrong? . 2023-07-21 . The Georgetown Review . en-US.
  134. Web site: 2009-11-25 . Philowixian - The Philolexian Society . 2010-09-05 . Columbia.edu.
  135. Barlow, W. H. (April 1916). "The Philologian Literary Society". The Messenger. Richmond College. 42 (7): 402 and 406. Retrieved September 8, 2023 – via Richmond University.
  136. Web site: CN Philo History . 2023-09-08 . Carson-Newman Philos . en.
  137. Web site: Zarrillo . John . May 2018 . Guide to the Records of the Philomathean Society . 2023-09-08 . New York University Libraries . en-us.
  138. Philalethean Society, Records, MS, I, Oct 30 & Nov. 5, 1840.
  139. Ware, Lowry (1997), A Place Called Due West, The Home of Erskine College, R.L. Bryan Co. p. 42
  140. Web site: Philomathean Society (Pacific University) Records - Archives West . 2023-09-08 . Archives West Orbis Cascade Alliance.
  141. Web site: Philomathean Society . dead . https://archive.today/20120806000000/http://www.vu.union.edu/~philo/ . 2012-08-06 . 2010-09-05 . Vu.union.edu.
  142. Warneke, Omer E., "A History of Moores Hill College", (unpublished Master's thesis, College of Education, Butler University, 1942), pp. 121-122.
  143. Hanover College, The Crow, 1890-91, (Hanover, Indiana), p. 59.
  144. [Samuel Eliot Morison|Morison, Samuel Eliot]
  145. Winter 2010 . Schools in Lauramie Townships . TIPCOA Newsletter . 3 . Roots Web.
  146. Ruthean Literary Society, Eighteenth Anniversary of theRuthean Literary Society, Union Hall, Friday Evening, June 15th, 1877.
  147. Book: Catalogue of the Officers and Students of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, for the Academic Year 1857-8 . The Register Office . 1857 . South Bend, Indiana . 6 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200126001906/http://archives.nd.edu/bulletin/AC_08.pdf . January 26, 2020 . dead . Internet Archive.
  148. Web site: Illinois College-Sigma Phi Epsilon . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080724183602/http://www2.ic.edu/sigma_phi_epsilon/ . 2008-07-24 . 2010-09-05 . .ic.edu.
  149. Web site: The Signet Society . 2023-09-08 . The Signet Society . en-US.
  150. Transylvania Whig Society, Records, May 11, 1829 - July 25, 1834, MC, May 11, 1829.
  151. Web site: UPLS - Home . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110709165705/http://people.hsc.edu/organizations/upls/ . 2011-07-09 . 2010-09-05 . People.hsc.edu.
  152. Union Philosophical Society, Records, May 11, 1829 - July 25, 1834, MC, May 11, 1829.
  153. Web site: Our History . 2023-07-21 . The Washington Society . en.
  154. Web site: Collection: Zenobian Society records University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides . 2023-07-21 . University of Minnesota Archives.
  155. Zetagathian Society, Constitution, By-laws, and History of the Zetagathian Society, S. U. I., (1908).
  156. Web site: Milwaukee-Downer College and Seminary . 2023-07-21 . Encyclopedia of Milwaukee . en-US.
  157. Web site: 2023-04-24 . Sororities at Newberry College . 2023-09-08 . College Aftermath . en-us.
  158. Web site: Franklin Debating Society . 2023-07-21 . Randolph-Macon College . en.
  159. Book: Cornelius, Roberta D. . The History of Randolph-Macon Woman's College: From the Founding in 1891 Through the Year of 1949-1950 . 2012-01-01 . Univ of North Carolina Press . 978-0-8078-6968-0 . en . Google Books.
  160. Web site: Home . 2023-09-08 . Kappa Iota Sorority . en.
  161. News: Lorenzsonn . Erik . January 18, 2011 . From informal beginnings, Vassar theater takes off . . July 16, 2014.
  162. Web site: Washington Literary Society . 2023-07-21 . Randolph-Macon College . en.