List of American libertarians explained

This is a list of notable libertarians in the United States. It includes people who have identified themselves as members of the Libertarian Party or with Libertarianism in their political or social philosophy.

A

• Max Abramson, State Representative from New Hampshire^[1]
• Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad, Palestinian-American scholar and the president of the Minaret of Freedom Institute; 2012 Libertarian Party nominee for the U.S. Senate in Maryland^[2]
• Norma Jean Almodovar, 1986 Libertarian Party nominee for Lieutenant Governor of California^[3]
• Justin Amash, former U.S. Representative from Michigan^{[4] [5]}
• Michael Arrington, founder of TechCrunch^[6]
• Cliff Asness, hedge fund manager^[7]

B

• Jim Babka, president of the Downsize DC Foundation; former chair of the Libertarian Party of Ohio^[8]
• Michael Badnarik, 2004 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[9]
• Peter Bagge, cartoonist^[10]
• Radley Balko, journalist, blogger, and author^[11]
• Doug Bandow, blogger, columnist, writer, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute^[12]
• John Perry Barlow, lyricist and co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation^[13]
• Randy Barnett, legal scholar and law professor^[14]
• Bob Barr, former U.S. Representative from Georgia and 2008 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[15]
• Christopher R. Barron, founder of GOProud^[16]
• Dave Barry, humor columnist^[17]
• Jim Bell, entrepreneur and author of an essay describing a method of killing government officials^[18]
• Bruce L. Benson, academic^[19]
• David Bergland, 1984 Libertarian Party presidential nominee, and two-time chair of the Libertarian National Committee^[20]
• David Bernstein, law professor^[21]
• David Boaz, political writer and one-time executive vice president of the Cato Institute.^[22]
• Big Boi, rapper^[23]
• Clint Bolick, Associate Justice, Arizona Supreme Court; lawyer and founder of the litigation division of the Goldwater Institute^[24]
• Scott Boman, 2008 Libertarian Party nominee for the U.S. Senate in Michigan^[25]
• Rupert Boneham, Survivor contestant and 2012 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of Indiana^[26]
• Murray Bookchin, writer^[27]
• Neal Boortz, radio host^[28]
• Andy Borsa, member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[29]
• James Bovard, author^[30]
• R. W. Bradford, founder of Liberty^[31]
• Barbara Branden, Canadian-American writer, editor, and lecturer^[32]
• Nathaniel Branden, Canadian–American psychotherapist and writer^[33]
• Arthur C. Brooks, author^[34]
• Harry Browne, 1996 and 2000 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[35]
• David Brudnoy, talk radio host^[36]
• Scott Bullock, civil rights attorney^[37]
• Gene Burns, talk show host and candidate for the Libertarian Party's presidential nomination in 1984^[38]
• Marshall Burt, member of the Wyoming House of Representatives^[39]

C

• Richard Campagna, 2004 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[40]
• Bryan Caplan, economist, writer, and academic^[41]
• Drew Carey, comedian and actor^{[42] [43] [44] [45]}
• Dale Carpenter, law professor^[46]
• Kevin Carson, political writer and blogger^[47]
• Doug Casey, investor, writer, founder and chairman of Casey Research^[48]
• Dixie Carter, actress^[49]
• Graydon Carter, former editor of Vanity Fair^[50]
• Rodney Caston, cybersecurity expert, open-source intelligence investigator, writer, and 2012 Libertarian Party nominee for the Texas House of Representatives^[51]
• John Chamberlain, journalist^[52]
• Marilyn Chambers, 2004 Personal Choice Party vice-presidential nominee and pornographic actress^[53]
• Gary Chartier, legal scholar, philosopher, political theorist, and theologian^[54]
• Roy Childs, essayist and critic^[55]
• Frank Chodorov, writer^[56]
• Ed Clark, 1980 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[57]
• Spike Cohen, entrepreneur, podcaster, and 2020 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[58]
• Chris Cole, 2008 Libertarian nominee for the U.S. Senate in North Carolina^[59]
• Michael Colley, U.S. Navy vice admiral and member of the board of directors of the Libertarian Party^[60]
• Barry Cooper, drug policy reform activist, filmmaker, Libertarian candidate for U.S. House of Representatives in Texas in 2008 and for Texas Attorney General in 2010^[61]
• Richard Cornuelle, activist, political theorist, and author^[62]
• Tyler Cowen, economist, columnist, author, and blogger^[63]
• Ed Crane, co-founder of the Cato Institute^[64]

D

• Aubrey Dunn, Jr., former New Mexico commissioner of public lands and Libertarian candidate for U.S. Senate in 2018^[65]
• Caleb Q. Dyer, former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[66]

E

• Charlie Earl, former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, Libertarian Party candidate in the 2014 Ohio gubernatorial election^[67]
• Clint Eastwood, actor^[68]
• Richard Epstein, legal scholar, academic, and writer^[69]

F

• Ken Fanning, member of the Alaska House of Representatives^[70]
• Arthur Farnsworth, Libertarian Party nominee for the U.S. House of Representatives convicted of tax evasion in 2006^[71]
• Fred Foldvary, academic, economist, and writer^[72]
• Kmele Foster, political commentator and telecommunications entrepreneur^[73]
• Conor Friedersdorf, journalist, staff writer at The Atlantic^[74]
• David D. Friedman, economist, physicist, legal scholar, political theorist, and author^[75]
• Milton Friedman, economist, statistician, and writer^[76]
• Patri Friedman, activist, political theorist; founder of The Seasteading Institute^[77]
• Rose Friedman, economist^[78]

G

• Eric Garris, founder of Antiwar.com^[79]
• John T. Georgopoulos, founder of SportsGrumblings.com, fantasy sports journalist for various publications, former SiriusXM show host, podcast producer and host^[80]
• Nick Gillespie, journalist who has served as a writer, contributor, and editor for Reason magazine, Reason.com, and ReasonTV^[81]
• Dan Gookin, author, 2004 Libertarian Party nominee for the Idaho Senate and 2007 Libertarian nominee for the Coeur d'Alene city council^[82]
• Daniel P. Gordon, former member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013, who changed his party affiliation from Republican to Libertarian; at the time, he was the only Libertarian serving in any state legislative house in the country^[83]
• Don Gorman, former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[29]
• Jim Gray, former presiding judge of the Superior Court of Orange County, California; 2012 Libertarian vice-presidential nominee and candidate for the 2020 Libertarian presidential nomination^[84]
• Greg Gutfeld, host of The Greg Gutfeld Show and one of five co-hosts and panelists on the political talk show The Five, both on the Fox News Channel

H

• F. A. Harper, academic, economist, and writer; founder of the Institute for Humane Studies^[85]
• Phil Harvey, entrepreneur and philanthropist, President of Adam & Eve
• Henry Hazlitt, journalist, editor, economist, and author^[86]
• Gene Healy, political pundit, journalist, editor, and author; Vice President at the Cato Institute and contributing editor to Liberty magazine^[87]
• Karl Hess, activist, speechwriter, journalist, editor, and political philosopher^[88]
• Jeff Hewitt, Riverside County, California Supervisor, and Libertarian gubernatorial candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election^[89]
• Robert Higgs, economist, historian, and writer^[90]
• John Holt, author and educator, a proponent of unschooling, and a pioneer in youth rights theory^[91]
• John Hospers, philosophy professor and 1972 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[92]
• Carla Howell, activist and 2002 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of Massachusetts^[93]
• Michael Huemer, academic, philosopher, and writer^[94]

J

• Paul Jacob, activist and commentator^[95]
• Glenn Jacobs, wrestler known as Kane^[96]
• Penn Jillette, magician^[97] (renounced libertarianism in 2020).^[98]
• Gary Johnson, former Governor of New Mexico and 2012 and 2016 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[99]
• Stan Jones, 2002 Libertarian Party nominee for the U.S. Senate in Montana^[100]
• Alex Joseph, mayor of Big Water, Utah^[101]
• Jo Jorgensen, 1996 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee and 2020 presidential nominee^[102]
• Eric July, musician, YouTuber, comic book writer, and political commentator^[103]

K

• Rob Kampia, activist, 2000 Libertarian Party nominee for delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives in the District of Columbia^[104]
• Chris Kluwe, former punter for the Minnesota Vikings^[105]
• Charles G. Koch, businessman
• David H. Koch, businessman and 1980 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[106]
• Adam Kokesh, activist, author, and 2020 candidate for the Libertarian presidential nomination^[107]
• Bart Kosko, writer, academic, researcher; contributing editor to Liberty^[108]
• Alex Kozinski, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit^[109]
• Steve Kubby, activist, writer, and 1998 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of California and 2000 candidate for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination^[110]

L

• Philip Labonte, musician, singer for heavy metal band All That Remains^[111]
• Suzanne La Follette, individualist feminist, political theorist, journalist, and editor^[112]
• Sonny Landham, actor and 2008 Libertarian Party nominee for the U.S. Senate in Kentucky,^[113] with whom the party cut ties in July of that year^[114]
• Rose Wilder Lane, journalist, travel writer, novelist, and political theorist^[115]
• James A. Lewis, 1984 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[116]
• Kurt Loder, entertainment critic, author, columnist, and media personality^[117]
• Dan Loeb, hedge fund manager^[7]
• Nancy Lord, attorney, medical researcher, and 1992 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[118]

M

• Roger MacBride, lawyer and 1976 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[119]
• Spencer MacCallum, anthropologist, business consultant and author^[120]
• John Mackey, CEO and co-founder of Whole Foods Market^[121]
• Michael Malice, Ukrainian-American author, podcaster, columnist, and media personality^[122]
• Andre Marrou, former member of the Alaska House of Representatives and 1992 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[123]
• John McAfee, computer programmer, businessman, and presidential candidate^[124]
• Peter McWilliams, self-help author and activist^[125]
• Angela McArdle, Chair of the Libertarian National Committee^[126]
• Russell Means, Sioux rights activist, actor and 1988 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[127]
• Jeffrey Miron, economist and academic^[128]
• John Monds, 2008 Libertarian Party nominee for the Georgia Public Service Commission and 2010 Libertarian nominee for Governor of Georgia^[129]
• Lisa Kennedy Montgomery, American political commentator, radio personality, author, former MTV VJ, and the current host of Kennedy on the Fox Business Network^[130]
• Kary Mullis, 1993 Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry for the invention of the polymerase chain reaction technique^[131]
• Michael Munger, 2008 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of North Carolina^[132]
• Rupert Murdoch, media mogul and founder of global media holding company News Corporation^{[133] [134]}

N

• Loretta Nall, 2006 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of Alabama^[135]
• Andrew Napolitano, former New Jersey Superior Court Judge and host of Freedom Watch^[136]
• Tonie Nathan, 1972 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[137]
• David Nolan, principal founder of the Libertarian Party and candidate for office in Arizona^[138]
• Gary Nolan, talk radio personality and 2004 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[139]
• Robert Nozick, philosopher^[140]

O

• Gary Oldman, actor^[141]
• Chase Oliver, activist, business executive; Libertarian Party candidate for the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia, and 2024 Libertarian presidential nominee^[142]
• Art Olivier, 2000 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[143]

P

• Tom G. Palmer, writer and political theorist^[144]
• Trey Parker, actor, animator and screenwriter. Parker described himself in 2001 as "a registered Libertarian"^[145]
• Isabel Paterson, Canadian-American journalist, novelist, and political philosopher^[146]
• Ron Paul, former U.S. Representative from Texas and 1988 Libertarian Party presidential nominee^[147]
• Carl Person, attorney and 2012 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[148]
• Austin Petersen, activist, commentator, broadcaster, candidate for the 2016 Libertarian presidential nomination^[149]
• John Popper, frontman of the rock band Blues Traveler^[150]
• Virginia Postrel, columnist, blogger, author, former editor-in-chief of Reason magazine^[151]
• Sharon Presley, writer, activist, academic; co-founder of Laissez Faire Books, and executive director of the Association of Libertarian Feminists^[152]

R

• Ralph Raico, historian, academic, and writer^[153]
• Justin Raimondo, founder of Antiwar.com^[79]
• Dick Randolph, former member of the Alaska House of Representatives^[154]
• Earl Ravenal, Georgetown University professor and 1984 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[155]
• Leonard Read, writer, economist; founder of the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)^[156]
• Michael Rectenwald, academic, author, and candidate for the 2024 Libertarian presidential nomination^[157]
• Warren Redlich, member of the Guilderland town council and 2010 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of New York^[158]
• Wayne Allyn Root, radio host, businessperson, author; 2008 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee^[159]
• Murray Rothbard, economist and political philosopher^[160]
• Finlay Rothhaus, member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[161]
• Kurt Russell, actor^[162]
• Aaron Russo, film producer and 2004 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[163]
• Mary Ruwart, biophysicist and 2008 candidate for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[164]

S

• Murray Sabrin, 1997 Libertarian nominee for Governor of New Jersey^[165]
• Julian Sanchez, journalist, blogger, and editor^[166]
• Robert Sarvis, attorney, 2013 Libertarian nominee for Governor of Virginia, and 2014 Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate in Virginia^[167]
• Nicholas Sarwark, attorney and businessperson; former chair of Libertarian National Committee^[168]
• Peter Schiff, financial analyst, stockbroker, author, one-time Senate candidate, president and CEO of Euro Pacific Capital Inc.^[169]
• Larry Sharpe, entrepreneur, podcaster, and 2018 Libertarian nominee for Governor of New York^[170]
• Michael Shermer, science writer and founder of The Skeptics Society^[171]
• Julian Simon, economist, academic, and writer^[172]
• Paul Singer, founder and CEO of Elliott Management Corporation and founder of the Paul E. Singer Family Foundation^[7]
• Sam Sloan, 2010 candidate for the Libertarian nomination for Governor of New York^[173]
• Dave Smith, comedian, podcaster.^[174]
• Robby Soave, journalist, author, senior editor for Reason^[175]
• Ilya Somin, academic, blogger, author, adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute^[176]
• John Sophocleus, economics instructor and 2002 Libertarian nominee for Governor of Alabama^[177]
• Thomas Sowell, academic, economist, commentator, and social theorist^[178]
• Joseph Stallcop, former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives^[66]
• Doug Stanhope, stand-up comedian^[179]
• Starchild, political activist, perennial candidate, and sex worker^[180]
• Matt Stone, actor, animator and screenwriter^[181]
• John Stossel, consumer reporter, investigative journalist, author, columnist^[182]
• Jacob Sullum, syndicated columnist, journalist, and senior editor at Reason magazine^[183]
• Vermin Supreme, performance artist, candidate for the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential nomination^[184]
• Thomas Szasz, intellectual, author, opponent of medical coercion, advocate of medical freedom^[185]

T

• Kristin Tate, political commentator, columnist & author^[186]
• Joan Kennedy Taylor, journalist, author, editor, and activist^[187]
• Mike ter Maat, businessperson, professional economist, retired police officer, and 2024 Libertarian vice presidential nominee^[142]
• Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal^[188]
• Ed Thompson, mayor of Tomah, Wisconsin and 2002 Libertarian Party nominee for Governor of Wisconsin^[189]
• Katherine Timpf, columnist, television personality, reporter, and comedian^[190]
• Christina Tobin, founder of the Free and Equal Elections Foundation and 2010 Libertarian Party nominee for California Secretary of State^[191]
• Maj Toure, political activist and rapper; founder of Black Guns Matter^[192]
• Jeffrey Tucker, political theorist, editor, writer, and internet entrepreneur^[193]

V

• Jimmie Vaughan, musician^[194]
• Vince Vaughn, actor^[96]

W

• Rufus Wainwright, singer-songwriter^[195]
• Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia^[96]
• Calvin Warburton, member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and 1992 candidate for the Libertarian Party vice-presidential nomination^[196]
• David Weigel, journalist, blogger, contributing editor for Reason magazine^[197]
• Matt Welch, blogger and journalist; writer and editor for Reason magazine^[198]
• Bill Weld, former Governor of Massachusetts and 2016 Libertarian vice-presidential nominee^[199]
• Walter E. Williams, economist, commentator, and academic^[200]
• Richard Winger, editor of Ballot Access News^[201]
• Tom Woods, author and radio host^[202]
• Lily Wu, mayor-elect of Wichita, Kansas.^[203]
• Adrian Wyllie, 2014 candidate for the Libertarian Party nomination for Governor of Florida^[204]

See also

• List of American conservatives
• List of American liberals

References

Notes and References

1. Web site: New Hampshire House Roster. August 25, 2019.
2. Web site: Libertarians and Greens are back on Maryland Ballot. August 28, 2012. June 15, 2013. The Chestertown Spy. Len. Lazarick.
3. News: Judges Asked to Void Conviction of Ex-Hooker. December 16, 1986. June 15, 2013. Los Angeles Times. Robert W.. Stewart.
4. Web site: Justin Amash Formally Joins the Libertarian Party, Makes History. April 28, 2020. April 29, 2020. The Libertarian Republic. David. Howman.
5. Web site: Justin Amash Defends Congress' Only Libertarian Seat. May 30, 2012. June 15, 2013. Reason. Garrett. Quinn.
6. Mark Zuckerberg's Cynical, Necessary Washington Strategy. May 6, 2013. June 15, 2013. The New Republic. Lydia. Depillis.
7. Web site: You Can Thank a Few Rich Libertarians for Gay Marriage. June 25, 2011. June 15, 2013. New York. Chadwick. Matlin.
8. News: No Viagra for men on welfare. May 21, 1998. November 15, 2013. The Blade. Vanessa. Winans. 1, 15.
9. News: Badnarik to the bone. October 31, 2004. June 6, 2013. Boca Raton News. Sean. Salai. 5.
10. Web site: July 24, 2009. July 24, 2009. June 15, 2013. The A.V. Club. Christopher. Bahn. Zack. Handlen. Noel. Murray. Leonard. Pierce. Tasha. Robinson.
11. [Nick Gillespie|Gillespie, Nick]
12. Gillespie, Nick (December 18, 2005) "Doug Bandow's 'Lapse of Judgement' ", Reason.com.
13. Web site: John Perry Barlow 2.0 . August–September 2004. June 17, 2013. Reason. Brian. Doherty. Brian Doherty (journalist).
14. Web site: Libertarian Legal Theorist Randy Barnett on "The Mistake That is The Libertarian Party". November 6, 2012. June 17, 2013. Reason. Nick. Gillespie.
15. News: Back to the future for Bob Barr?. March 28, 2013. June 6, 2013. CNN. Paul. Steinhauser.
16. Web site: Another Prominent Libertarian Ditches Gary Johnson for Mitt Romney. October 15, 2012. June 17, 2013. Reason. Mike. Riggs.
17. Web site: Dave Barry. January 12, 2005. June 17, 2013. Slate. Bryan. Curtis.
18. Cypherpunk's Free Speech Defense. April 9, 2001. November 15, 2013. Wired. Declan. McCullagh. Declan McCullagh.
19. Book: Lea, David. Property Rights, Indigenous People and the Developing World: Issues from Aboriginal Entitlement to Intellectual Ownership Rights. 98. 2008. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Leiden. 978-9004166943.
20. Web site: Bergland Libertarian nominee. September 4, 1983. June 6, 2013. Reading Eagle. 11.
21. News: Rand Paul and the Perils of Textbook Libertarianism. May 22, 2010. June 23, 2013. The New York Times. Sam. Tanenhaus. Sam Tanenhaus.
22. Web site: Neither Left Nor Right: "Libertarianism: A Primer". Franzen. Don. January 19, 1997. Los Angeles Times. April 12, 2024.
23. Web site: Big Boi is no Obama supporter: 'I'm a Libertarian'. January 14, 2013. June 10, 2013. Rolling Out. Stereo. Williams.
24. Web site: Clint Bolick and the Goldwater Institute Quietly Transforming the Country. October 3, 2012. June 24, 2013. Townhall.com. Rachel. Alexander.
25. Web site: Decision 2008: Hoogendyk challenges Levin for U.S. Senate. October 14, 2008. June 12, 2013. The News-Herald. Ben. Baird.
26. Web site: Survivor's Rupert vying to make his Libertarian candidacy, party relevant. April 26, 2012. June 12, 2013. WSBT. Dave. Stephens.
27. Web site: Murray Bookchin, RIP. July 31, 2006. June 24, 2013. Reason. Jesse. Walker. Jesse Walker.
28. News: Tough talk. March 19, 1995. June 15, 2013. Record-Journal. C1. Dan. Sewell.
29. News: Libertarians maintain ballot status. November 6, 1992. June 15, 2013. Sun Journal. 13.
30. News: Everyone is a suspect . . October 24, 2014 . March 26, 2015 . Balko, Radley. Radley Balko .
31. Web site: Libertarian publisher Bradford, 58, dies. December 12, 2005. June 24, 2013. The Seattle Times. Sandi. Doughton.
32. Gillespie, Nick (December 12, 2013) "Barbara Branden on Ayn Rand's Inner Life and Legacy", Reason.com.
33. Web site: Nathaniel Branden, R.I.P. . . December 3, 2014 . Doherty, Brian.
34. Web site: Review: 'The Battle: How the Fight Between Free Enterprise and Big Government Will Shape America's Future,' by Arthur C. Brooks a libertarian manifesto. https://web.archive.org/web/20100727005721/http://www.tampabay.com/features/books/review-the-battle-how-the-fight-between-free-enterprise-and-big-government/1110004. dead. July 27, 2010. July 24, 2010. June 24, 2013. Tampa Bay Times. Nathaniel. French.
35. Web site: Libertarian Party again picks Browne to run for president. July 3, 2000. June 6, 2013. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. 5A.
36. News: Brudnoy, icon of airwaves, dies. December 10, 2004. June 24, 2013. The Boston Globe. Mark. Feeney.
37. Book: Root . Damon . Overruled: The Long War for Control of the U.S. Supreme Court . 2014 . . 154 . 9781137474681 .
38. News: Longtime KGO host Gene Burns, 72, dies. May 26, 2013. June 10, 2013. San Francisco Chronicle. John. Coté.
39. Web site: Wyoming House Legislator List. June 27, 2021.
40. Web site: Former VP candidate Campagna '72 updates novel from teenage years. December 7, 2006. June 6, 2013. The Brown Daily Herald. Rachel. Arndt.
41. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2021/06/03/bryan-caplan-on-populism-big-tech "Libertarian economist Bryan Caplan on 'Freedom, Populism and Big Tech' "
42. News: Harnden . Toby . Alex . Spillius . Tim . Shipman . Amanda . Halligan . Jessica . Jerrell . . The most influential US conservatives 2007: 21-40 . October 31, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110201055931/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1435462/The-most-influential-US-conservatives-21-40.html . February 1, 2011 . June 7, 2013 . London . dead .
43. News: Miller . John J. . . Right-leaning celebrity alert! . October 22, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091001160723/http://nrd.nationalreview.com/article/?q=M2VmZTRmZGFmZmExNTFiMTM1ZDJmN2UwY2Y0NDYwOWI%3D . October 1, 2009 . dead . October 11, 2012 .
44. News: . GOP in Hollywood: Endangered Species? . September 13, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121025110811/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,132225,00.html . October 25, 2012 . dead .
45. News: Oldenburg . Ann . . Candidates both good for a laugh . March 8, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120114000505/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2004-03-08-white-house-humor_x.htm . January 14, 2012 . dead .
46. From 'Brown' to 'Lawrence': On the Struggle for Gay Civil Rights. March 27, 2012. June 24, 2013. The Nation. Michael. O'Donnell.
47. Richman, Sheldon (February 3, 2011) "Libertarian Left: Free-market anti-capitalism, the unknown ideal", The American Conservative.
48. https://palisadesradio.ca/doug-casey-the-decade-of-the-greater-depression/ "Doug Casey: The Decade of the Greater Depression"
49. Web site: Remembering Dixie Carter Through Julia Sugarbaker. April 12, 2010. June 7, 2013. Jezebel. Tracey. Egan Morrissey.
50. News: US 'obsessed' by celeb culture. October 3, 2004. June 24, 2013. BBC.
51. Web site: Republicans Face Off in Collin, Denton Counties. May 23, 2012. November 15, 2013. Texas Tribune. Thanh. Tan.
52. Book: Doherty, Brian. Brian Doherty (journalist)

    . Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. 63. Brian Doherty (journalist). 2007. PublicAffairs. New York. 978-0786731886. June 24, 2013.

53. Web site: Corporate spokesmodel, porn star and libertarian: Marilyn Chambers dies at 56. April 13, 2009. June 6, 2013. Western Standard. Matthew. Johnson.
54. (February 13, 2012) " 'Markets Not Capitalism', Says Professor Gary Chartier", Reason.com
55. Web site: Celebrating Roy Childs, A Lost Libertarian Great. September 19, 2012. June 15, 2013. Reason. Brian. Doherty. Brian Doherty (journalist).
56. Book: Critchlow, Donald T.. The Conservative Ascendancy: How the GOP Right Made Political History. 21–22. 2007. June 24, 2013. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 978-0674033559.
57. Web site: Former Libertarian Presidential Candidate Ed Clark: "I think this year is like 1980". May 4, 2012. June 6, 2013. Reason. Garrett. Quinn.
58. News: Doherty . Brian . Libertarian Party Picks Spike Cohen as Its Vice-Presidential Candidate . February 2, 2022 . Reason . 24 May 2020.
59. Web site: Is Cole the tipping point?. August 27, 2008. June 13, 2013. The News & Observer. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081024021436/http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/is_cole_the_tipping_point. October 24, 2008. mdy-all.
60. Web site: U.S. admiral: Let military plan Iraq exit. July 16, 2007. November 15, 2013. United Press International.
61. Mustian, Jim (March 4, 2010) "Sheriff:?Kopbuster busted - Authorities arrest Barry Cooper - on possession, false report charges", Odessa American.
62. Doherty, Brian (May 4, 2011) "Richard Cornuelle, R.I.P.", Reason.com.
63. [Ilya Somin|Somin, Ilya]
64. News: Free Radical; Libertarian – and Contrarian – Ed Crane Has Run the Cato Institute for 25 Years. His Way.. https://archive.today/20130701004815/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/118615154.html?dids=118615154:118615154&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+09,+2002&author=Richard+Morin&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Free+Radical;+Libertarian+--+and+Contrarian+--+Ed+Crane+Has+Run+the+Cato+Institute+for+25+Years.+His+Way.&pqatl=google. dead. July 1, 2013. May 9, 2002. June 14, 2013. The Washington Post. Richard. Morin.
65. Web site: Dunn switches to Libertarian Party . Andrew Oxford, The New Mexican . January 27, 2018 .
66. Doherty, Brian (May 26, 2017) "Libertarian Party Now Has Two Sitting Legislators in New Hampshire", Reason.com.
67. News: Gomez. Henry J.. Charlie Earl, Ohio's libertarian candidate for governor, saddles up for his 'last rodeo'. September 13, 2013. The Plain Dealer. September 13, 2013.
68. Web site: A Refresher on Clint Eastwood's Libertarian Politics. August 31, 2012. June 7, 2013. Reason. Ed. Krayeski.
69. Rappaport, Mike (February 21, 2013) "Richard Epstein on 'Constitutionalism, Originalism, and Libertarianism' ", Law & Liberty.
70. News: Libertarians Warm Up Alaskan Campaign. August 21, 1982. June 14, 2013. Toledo Blade. 9.
71. Web site: Bucks anti-tax crusader is sentenced to jail. April 4, 2007. June 13, 2013. Philly.com. Joseph A.. Slobodzian.
72. [Daniel B. Klein|Klein, Daniel B.]
73. [Nick Gillespie|Gillespie, Nick]
74. Humphries, Stephen (May 28, 2021) " when a Twitter war gets...respectful? ", Christian Science Monitor (via NewsBank.com
75. Encyclopedia: Caplan. Bryan . Bryan Caplan . Ronald . Hamowy . Ronald Hamowy . The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism . Friedman, David (1945–) . 10.4135/9781412965811.n117 . 2008 . Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA . 978-1412965804 . 194–195 . Friedman, David (1945–) .
76. Web site: The Increasingly Libertarian Milton Friedman. November 20, 2012. June 7, 2013. Reason. Brian. Doherty. Brian Doherty (journalist).
77. News: Moser. Whet. Milton Friedman's Grandson to Build Floating Libertarian Nation. December 1, 2014. Chicago Magazine. August 18, 2011. October 1, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031133/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/August-2011/Milton-Friedmans-Grandson-to-Built-Floating-Libertarian-Nation/. live.
78. McCullagh, Declan (August 19, 2009) "Rose Friedman, Economist And Popular Writer, Dies At 98", CBSNews.com.
79. Web site: Intrepid Antiwarriors of the Libertarian Right Stake Their Rightful Claim to Power. December 10, 2003. June 10, 2013. SF Weekly. Lessley. Anderson.
80. Web site: The Conscience of this Libertarian. February 21, 2022.
81. [Russ Smith (publisher)|Smith, Russ]
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