List of leaders of the TBVC states explained

This article lists the leaders of the TBVC states, the four Bantustans which were declared nominally independent by the government of the Republic of South Africa during the period of apartheid, which lasted from 1948 to 1994. Their independence was not recognized outside South Africa.

The bantustans with nominal independence were namely: Transkei (1976),[1] Bophuthatswana (1977),[2] [3] Venda (1979)[4] and Ciskei (1981),[5] hence the abbreviation TBVC.

The TBVC states were reintegrated into South Africa in the wake of the first post-apartheid general election in April 1994.[6]

Transkei

Post:Leader
Body:Transkei
Insignia:Coat of arms of Transkei 2.svg
Insigniacaption:Coat of arms of Transkei
Flag:Flag of Transkei.svg
Flagcaption:Flag of Transkei
Incumbent:None
Status:
Member Of:Military Council (1987–1994)
Seat:Umtata
Termlength:No fixed term
Formation:


First:
Last:

Heads of state

PortraitName
Term of officePolitical affiliation
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
Presidents
1Botha Sigcau
26 October 19761 December 1978 [7] TNIP
–Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla
1 December 197820 February 1979TNIP
2Kaiser Matanzima
20 February 1979[8] 20 February 1986
 yearsTNIP
3Tutor Ndamase
20 February 198626 April 1994TNIP
Independent

Heads of government

PortraitName
Term of officePolitical affiliation
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
Chief Minister
1Kaiser Matanzima
6 December 196326 October 1976TNIP
Prime Ministers
(1)Kaiser Matanzima
26 October 197620 February 1979
TNIP
2George Matanzima
20 February 197924 September 1987
[9] 		TNIP
–Dumnisani Gladstone Gwadiso
25 September 19875 October 1987TNIP
3Stella Sigcau
5 October 198730 December 1987
[10] [11] 		TNIP
Chairman of the Military Council and of the Council of Ministers
4Bantu Holomisa
30 December 198726 April 1994Nonpartisan

Foreign ministers

TermName
1976–1980 Digby Koyana
1980–1983 G. T. Vika
1983–1986 Mtutuzela Lujabe
1986–1988 Caleb Songca
1988–1989 E. R. G. Keswa
1989–1992 Thembekile Enoch KaTshunungwa
1992–1994 Bantu Holomisa
Source: [12]

Bophuthatswana

Post:Leader
Body:Bophuthatswana
Insignia:Coat of arms of Bophuthatswana.svg
Insigniacaption:Coat of arms of Bophuthatswana
Flag:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg
Flagcaption:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994)
Incumbent:None
Status:
Seat:
    Termlength:No fixed term
    First:Lucas Mangope
    Last:Lucas Mangope
    Superseded By:Administrators of the Transitional Executive Council

    Heads of state and government

    PortraitName
    		Term of officePolitical affiliation
    Took officeLeft officeTime in office
    1Chief Executive Officer of the Tswana Territorial Authority
    Lucas Mangope
    		June 19681 May 1971BNP
    Chief Executive Councillor
    Lucas Mangope
    		1 May 19711 June 1972BNP
    Chief Minister
    Lucas Mangope
    		1 June 19726 December 1977BNP
    BDP
    President
    Lucas Mangope
    		6 December 197713 March 1994
    		BDP
    N/ARocky Malebane-Metsing
    		10 February 1988HoursPPP
    Administrators (Transitional Executive Council)
    Tjaart van der Walt
    		13 March 199426 April 1994
    Job Mokgoro
    		ANC

    Foreign ministers

    TermName
    1977–1987 T. M. Molatlhwa
    1987–1990 Solomon L. L. Rathebe
    1990–1991 G. S. M. Nkau
    1991–1994 Thomas M. Setiloane
    Source:

    Venda

    Post:Leader
    Body:Venda
    Insignia:Coat of arms of the Republic of Venda.svg
    Insigniacaption:Coat of arms of the Republic of Venda
    Flag:Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg
    Flagcaption:Flag of Venda (1973–1994)
    Incumbent:None
    Status:
    Member Of:Council of National Unity (1990–1994)
    Seat:
      Termlength:No fixed term
      First:Patrick Mphephu
      Last:Tshamano Ramabulana

      Heads of state and government

      PortraitName
      		Term of officePolitical affiliation
      Took officeLeft officeTime in office
      1Chief Executive Officer of the Venda Territorial Authority
      Patrick Mphephu
      		June 19691 June 1971NPV
      Chief Executive Councillor
      Patrick Mphephu
      		1 June 19711 February 1973NPV
      Chief Minister
      Patrick Mphephu
      		1 February 197313 September 1979NPV
      Presidents
      Patrick Mphephu
      		13 September 197917 April 1988 [13] NPV
      2Frank Ravele
      		17 April 198810 May 1988NPV
      10 May 19885 April 1990
      [14]
      Heads of State (Chairmen of the Council of National Unity)
      3Gabriel Ramushwana
      		5 April 199025 January 1994Nonpartisan
      4Tshamano Ramabulana
      		25 January 199426 April 1994Nonpartisan

      Foreign ministers

      TermName
      1979–1980 G. M. Ramabulana
      1980–1986 A. M. Madzivhandila
      1986–1989 Gota E. R. B. Nesengani
      1989–1990 C. A. Nelwamondo
      1990–1992 G. M. Ligege
      1992–1994 V. S. Landela
      1994 Gabriel Ramushwana
      Source:

      Ciskei

      Post:Leader
      Body:Ciskei
      Insignia:Coat of arms of Ciskei.svg
      Insigniacaption:Coat of arms of Ciskei
      Flag:Flag of Ciskei.svg
      Flagcaption:Flag of Ciskei
      Incumbent:None
      Status:
      Member Of:Military Committee /
      Council of State (1990–1994)
      Seat:
        Termlength:No fixed term
        First:Thandathu Jongilizwe Mabandla
        Last:Oupa Gqozo
        Superseded By:Administrators of the Transitional Executive Council

        Heads of state and government

        PortraitName
        		Term of officePolitical affiliation
        Took officeLeft officeTime in office
        1Chief Executive Officer of the Ciskei Territorial Authority
        Thandathu Jongilizwe Mabandla
        		June 19681 June 1971CNP
        Chief Executive Councillor
        Thandathu Jongilizwe Mabandla
        		1 June 19711 August 1972CNP
        Chief Ministers
        Thandathu Jongilizwe Mabandla
        		1 August 197221 May 1973CNP
        2Lennox Sebe
        		21 May 1973June 1975CNIP
        –Charles Sebe
        		June 197524 October 1975Nonpartisan
        (2)Lennox Sebe
        		24 October 19754 December 1981CNIP
        President
        Lennox Sebe
        		4 December 19814 March 1990
        [15]         		CNIP
        Chairman of the Military Committee and of the Council of State
        3Oupa Gqozo
        		4 March 199022 March 1994
        [16]         		Nonpartisan
        ADM
        Administrators (Transitional Executive Council)
        Pieter van Rensburg Goosen23 March 199426 April 1994
        Bongani Blessing Finca

        Foreign ministers

        TermName
        1981–1983 Ray Mali
        1983–1990 B. N. Pityi
        1990–1991 M. S. Manzi
        1991–1993 Oupa Gqozo
        1993 Thamsanqa Linda
        1993–1994 Mickey Webb
        Source:

        See also

        External links

        Notes and References

        1. Web site: The New York Times . . Transkei, a South African Black Area, Is Independent . October 26, 1976 . April 1, 2019.
        2. Web site: The New York Times . Reuters . South Africa Makes 2d Black Homeland Independent Nation . December 6, 1977 . October 5, 2022.
        3. Web site: The New York Times . An Empty Ceremony in South Africa . December 6, 1977 . April 1, 2019.
        4. Web site: The New York Times . UPI . South Africa Starts a New Nation . September 14, 1979 . April 1, 2019.
        5. Web site: The New York Times . . CISKEI 'HOMELAND' DECLARED A SEPARATE NATION . December 4, 1981 . April 1, 2019.
        6. All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of section 1(2) and Schedule 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994.
        7. Web site: The New York Times . Chief Botha Sigcau, 66, First Transkei President . December 2, 1978 . April 2, 2019.
        8. Web site: The New York Times . Reuters . President Elected in Transkei . February 20, 1979 . October 5, 2022.
        9. Web site: The New York Times . Six Cabinet Ministers Resign in Transkei Scandal . September 25, 1987 . April 1, 2019.
        10. Web site: The New York Times . Army Coup in South African Homeland . December 31, 1987 . April 1, 2019.
        11. Web site: The Los Angeles Times . Army Stages Coup in Black S. Africa Area: General Takes Over in Transkei Region, Charges Corruption . December 30, 1987 . April 6, 2019.
        12. Web site: Foreign ministers S-Z. rulers.org. B. Schemmel. 15 April 2019.
        13. Web site: The New York Times . Patrick Mphephu, Homeland Leader, 63 . April 21, 1988 . April 2, 2019.
        14. Web site: UPI Archives . Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland . April 5, 1990 . April 1, 2019.
        15. Web site: The New York Times . 'HOMELAND' LEADER DEPOSED IN CISKEI . March 5, 1990 . April 1, 2019.
        16. Web site: The New York Times . A 2d Homeland Is Taken Over By South Africa . March 23, 1994 . April 2, 2019.
        17. The dates and designations given on the sites World Statesmen and Rulers are partially inaccurate.

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