List of largest corporate profits and losses explained

This page lists the largest annual and quarterly earnings and losses in corporate history.

Largest corporate annual earnings of all time

This list has all global annual earnings of all time, limited to earnings of more than $40 billion in "real" (i.e. CPI adjusted) value. Note that some record earning may be caused by nonrecurring revenue, like Vodafone in 2014 (disposal of its interest in Verizon Wireless) or Fannie Mae in 2013 (benefit for federal income taxes).

	Company	Industry	Country	Year	Report date	Earnings (billion)	Earnings converted to USD and inflation adjusted (billion)
1	Saudi Aramco	Oil and gas	Saudi Arabia	2018	31 December 2018	SAR 416.52^[1]	$
2	Saudi Aramco	Oil and gas	Saudi Arabia	2021	31 December 2021	SAR 412.4^[2]	$
3				2014	31 March 2014	£59.42^[3]	$
4		Financial services		2013	31 December 2013	$83.98^[4]	$
5	Apple	Consumer electronics		2022	29 September 2022	$99.803	$
5	Apple	Consumer electronics		2021	29 September 2021	$94.68^[5]	$
6	Saudi Aramco	Oil and gas	Saudi Arabia	2019	31 December 2019	SAR 330.7^[6]	$
7	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2021	31 December 2021	$89.8^[7]	$
8	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2019	31 December 2019	$81.4	$
9	Saudi Aramco	Oil and gas	Saudi Arabia	2017	31 December 2017	SAR 284.62	$
10	Alphabet			2021	31 December 2021	$76.0^[8]	$
11	Apple	Consumer electronics		2018	30 September 2018	$59.53^[9]	$
12	Microsoft	Information technology		2021	30 June 2021	$61.27^[10]	$
13	Apple	Consumer electronics		2015	26 September 2015	$53.4^[11] ^[12]	$
14	Apple	Consumer electronics		2020	26 September 2020	$57.4^[13]	$
15	Apple	Consumer electronics		2019	30 September 2019	$55.26^[14]	$
16		Oil and gas		2008	31 December 2008	$45.22^[15]	$
17		Banking	China	2021	31 December 2021	RMB 350.216^[16]	$
18	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2020	31 December 2020	RMB 317.685	$
19	Apple	Consumer electronics		2017	30 September 2017	$48.35^[17]	$
20	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2006	31 December 2006	$39.5	$
21	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2007	31 December 2007	$40.61	$
22	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2012	31 December 2012	$44.88^[18]	$
23	Apple	Consumer electronics		2016	24 September 2016	$45.7^[19]	$
24	Saudi Aramco	Oil and gas	Saudi Arabia	2020	31 December 2020	SAR 183.8	$
25	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2014	31 December 2014	RMB 276.286^[20]	$
26	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2005	31 December 2005	$36.13^[21]	$
27	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2013	31 December 2013	RMB 262.7	$
28	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2017	31 December 2017	$44.9	$
29	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2011	31 December 2011	$41.06^[22]	$
30	Apple	Consumer electronics		2012	29 September 2012	$41.73^[23]	$
31	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2015	31 December 2015	RMB 277.720	$
32	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2017	31 December 2017	RMB 287.451	$
33	JPMorgan Chase	Banking		2021	31 December 2021	$48.33^[24]	$
34	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2019	31 December 2019	RMB 313.361^[25]	$
35	Gazprom	Oil and gas		2012	31 December 2012	RUB 1,224.5	$
36	Nestlé	Food processing	Switzerland	2010	31 December 2010	$37.88^[26]	$
37	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2021	31 December 2021	RMB 303.928^[27]	$
38	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2018	31 December 2018	RMB 298.723^[28]	$
39	Microsoft	Information technology		2020	30 June 2020	$44.28^[29]	$
40	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking	China	2016	31 December 2016	RMB 279.106	$
41	Apple	Consumer electronics		2014	27 September 2014	$39.51^[30]	$
42	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2020	31 December 2020	$42.5^[31]	$
43	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking		2012	31 December 2012	RMB 238.7^[32]	$
44	Apple	Consumer electronics		2013	29 September 2013	$37.04	$
45	China Construction Bank	Banking		2014	31 December 2014	RMB 228.247^[33]	$
46	Alphabet	Information technology		2020	31 December 2020	$40.7	$
47	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2020	31 December 2020	RMB 273.579	$
48	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2019	31 December 2019	RMB 255.63	$
49	Microsoft	Information technology		2019	30 June 2019	$39.24	$
50	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2017	31 December 2017	RMB 243.615	$
51	Royal Dutch Shell	Oil and gas		2007	31 December 2007	$31.33^[34]	$
52	China Construction Bank	Banking		2013	31 December 2013	RMB 214.65	$
53	Gazprom	Oil and gas		2013	31 December 2013	RUB 1,139.2	$
54	China Construction Bank	Banking		2015	31 December 2015	RMB 228.886	$
55	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2018	31 December 2018	RMB 255.626^[35]	$	-	46	Industrial & Commercial Bank of China	Banking		2011	31 December 2011	RMB 208.27^[36] $32.72	$
47	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2010	31 December 2010	$31.40	$
48	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2003	31 December 2013	$32.58	$
49	China Construction Bank	Banking	China	2016	31 December 2016	RMB 232.389 $33.44	$
50	Royal Dutch Shell	Oil and gas		2011	31 December 2011	$31.19^[37]	$ -->

Largest corporate annual losses of all time

This list has all global annual losses of all time, limited to losses of more than $20 billion in real value (July 2022).

	Company	Industry	Country	Year	Report date	Nominal loss (billion) !	USD FX rate at period end^[38]	USD equivalent loss (billion)	USD inflation to December 2021^[39]	USD real loss (billion)
1	AOL Time Warner	Media conglomerate		2002	31 December 2002	$98.7^[40]	1	$98.7	44.94%	$143.06
2	American International Group (AIG)	Insurance Financial services		2008	31 December 2008	$99.3^[41]	1	$99.3	28.47%	$127.6
3	JDS Uniphase	Optical products and broadband communications		2001	31 December 2001	$56.1^[42]	1	$56.1	48.30%	$104.4
4	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise Public company		2009	31 December 2009	$74.4	1	$74.4	25.91%	$93.68
5	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise Public company		2008	31 December 2008	$59.8^[43]	1	$59.8	7.37%	$64.21
6	Freddie Mac	Credit services		2008	31 December 2008	$50.8	1	$50.8	7.37%	$54.54
7	Qwest Communications	Telecommunications		2002	31 December 2002	$35.9^[44]	1	$35.9	24.78%	$44.8
8	General Motors	Automotive		2007	31 December 2007	$38.7^[45]	1	$38.7	7.47%	$41.59
9	Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS)	Finance and insurance		2008	31 December 2008	£24.1^[46]	1.4479	$34.9	7.37%	$37.47
10	General Motors	Automotive		1992	31 December 1992	$23.50^[47]	1	$23.50	59.07%	$37.38
11	General Motors	Automotive		2008	31 December 2008	$30.9	1	$30.9	7.37%	$33.18
12	Citigroup	Banking Financial services		2008	31 December 2008	$27.68^[48]	1	$27.68	7.37%	$29.72
13	Vodafone Group	Telecommunications		2006	31 March 2006	£14.853^[49]	1.7398	$25.84	12.97%	$29.19
14	Freddie Mac	Credit services		2009	31 December 2009	$25.7^[50]	1	$25.7	4.53%	$26.86
15	Vodafone	Vodafone Group	Telecommunications		2002	31 March 2002	£13.539^[51]	1.4262	$19.309	26.24%	$24.38
16	United Airlines	Airline		2005	31 December 2005	$21.18^[52]	1	$21.18	14.7%	$24.29
17	Nakheel	Real estate developer		2009	31 December 2009	$20.85^[53]	1	$20.85	4.53%	$21.79
18				2008	31 December 2008	CHF19.7^[54]	0.9473	$18.7	7.37%	$20.08

Largest corporate quarterly earnings of all time

This list has all global quarterly earnings of all time, limited to earnings of more than $10 billion in real value (June 2011).

	Company	Industry	Country	Year	Fiscal quarter	Report date	Earnings (billion)	USD inflation to June 2011	USD real earnings (billion)
1				2013	1Q	9 May 2013	$58.7^[55]	0%	$58.7
2	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2020	2Q	8 Aug 2020	$35.7^[56]	0%	$35.7
3	Apple	Consumer electronics		2020	1Q	28 Jan 2020	$22.2^[57]	0%	$22.2
4	Berkshire Hathaway	Conglomerate		2019	1Q	4 May 2019	$21.7^[58]	0%	$21.7
4	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2018	1Q	1 February 2018	$20.0^[59]	0%	$20.0
5	Apple	Consumer electronics		2019	1Q	30 Jan 2019	$20.0	0%	$20.0
6	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2016	1Q	26 January 2016	$18.4^[60]	0%	$18.4
7	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2015	1Q	27 January 2015	$18.04^[61]	0%	$18.04
8	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2017	1Q	31 January 2017	$17.89^[62]	0%	$17.89
9	Gazprom	Oil and gas		2011	1Q	30 August 2011	$16.24		$16.24
10	Royal Dutch Shell	Oil and gas		2008	2Q	30 June 2008	$15.68	3.16%	$16.18
11	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2008	3Q	30 September 2008	$14.8	3.17%	$15.27
12	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2018	2Q	1 May 2018	$13.82^[63]	0%	$13.82
13	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2015	2Q	27 April 2015	$13.6^[64]	0%	$13.60
14	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2014	1Q	27 January 2014	$13.10^[65]	0%	$13.10
15	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2013	1Q	23 January 2013	$13.08^[66]	0%	$13.08
16	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2012	1Q	24 January 2012	$13.06	0%	$13.06
17	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2007	4Q	31 December 2007	$11.66	7.47%	$12.53
18	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2012	2Q	24 April 2012	$11.6	0%	$11.6
19	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2005	4Q	31 December 2005	$10.71	14.7%	$12.28
20	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2008	2Q	30 June 2008	$11.68	3.16%	$12.05
21	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2006	3Q	30 September 2006	$10.49	11.25%	$11.67
22	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2006	2Q	30 June 2006	$10.36	11.25%	$11.53
23	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2008	1Q	31 March 2008	$10.89	5.71%	$11.51
24	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2006	4Q	31 December 2006	$10.25	11.85%	$11.46
25	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2005	3Q	30 September 2005	$9.92	13.54%	$11.26
26	Royal Dutch Shell	Oil and gas		2008	3Q	30 September 2008	$10.90	3.17%	$11.25
27	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2007	2Q	30 June 2007	$10.26	8.34%	$11.12
28	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2011	1Q	31 March 2011	$10.69	1.01%	$10.8
29	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2017	4Q	30 September 2017	$10.7	0%	$10.7
30	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2011	2Q	30 June 2011	$10.68	0%	$10.68
31	ExxonMobil	Oil and gas		2011	3Q	30 September 2011	$10.33	0%	$10.33
32	BP	Oil and gas Alternative fuels		2008	3Q	30 September 2008	$10.0	3.17%	$10.32
33	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2014	2Q	23 April 2014	$10.2^[67]	0%	$10.2
34	Apple Inc	Consumer electronics		2016	2Q	26 April 2016	$10.5	0%	$10.5

Largest corporate quarterly losses of all time

This list has all global quarterly losses of all time, limited to losses of more than $10 billion in real value (June 2011).

	Company	Industry	Country	Year	Fiscal quarter	Report date	Nominal loss (billion) !	USD FX rate at period end	USD equivalent loss (billion)	USD inflation to June 2011	USD real loss (billion)
1				2008	4Q	31 December 2008	$61.66^[68]	1	$61.66	7.37%	$66.2
2				2009	1Q	31 March 2009	$58.7	1	$58.7	6.12%	$62.29
3				2002	4Q	31 December 2002	$44.9	1	$44.9	24.78%	$56.03
4				2009	1Q	31 March 2009	$50.8	1	$50.8	6.12%	$53.91
5				2007	3Q	30 September 2007	$42.5^[69]	1	$42.5	8.27%	$46.01
6	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise,Public company		2009	2Q	30 June 2009	$38.4	1	$38.4	4.65%	$40.19
7		State-owned		2020	1Q	31 March 2020	MXN 562.2^[70]	0.042535	$23.91	-12.55%^[71]	$20.91
8	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise,Public company		2009	3Q	30 September 2009	$19.8	1	$19.8	4.52%	$20.69
9				2010	2Q	30 June 2010	$17.2^[72]	1	$17.2	3.56%	$17.81
10				2008	4Q	31 December 2008	$16.03^[73]	1	$16.03	7.37%	$17.21
11	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise,Public company		2009	4Q	31 December 2009	$16.3	1	$16.3	4.53%	$17.04
12	Fannie Mae	Government-sponsored enterprise,Public company		2010	1Q	31 March 2010	$13.1	1	$13.1	3.72%	$13.59
13				2007	4Q	31 December 2007	CHF12.5^[74]	0.8884	$11.105	7.47%	$11.93

See also

• Forbes Global 2000
• List of largest companies by revenue
• List of largest employers
• List of largest losses of wealth
• List of public corporations by market capitalization
• List of wealthiest religious organizations
• List of most indebted companies

References

Sources

• Biggest UK corporate losses: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7911722.stm
• BP swings to massive $17.2 billion loss: http://money.cnn.com/2010/07/27/news/companies/bp_earnings/index.htm
• AIG quarterly loss is $61.7 billion: Biggest loss in US corporate history : http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/03/02/aig-quarterly-loss-is-617_n_171001.html
• The biggest annual profits at U.S. companies revealed : https://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/columnist/krantz/2008-02-28-biggest-profits_N.htm
• Exxon Mobil reported the largest annual profit in U.S. history : http://www.nydailynews.com/money/2009/01/30/2009-01-30_exxon_mobil_reported_the_largest_annual_.html
• Exxon Mobil posts record $14.8 billion Q3 profit : http://www.domain-b.com/companies/companies_e/Exxon_Mobil/20081030_ExxonMobil.html
• BP, Shell gain over $10 billion each in Q3 net : http://www.domain-b.com/industry/oil_gas/20081030_gain.html
• UBS makes biggest quarterly loss in banking history : http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/feb/14/europe.europeanbanks
• GM reports biggest-ever automotive loss : https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23124844
• Ford looks ahead to 2009 after record loss of $12.7B in 2006 : https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2007-01-25-ford-loss_x.htm
• UBS loss biggest in Swiss corporate history : https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE51918R20090210
• AIG Reports $62B Loss for Q4; $99B for Year : http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2009/03/02/98289.htm
• Time Warner reports huge loss, announces job cuts : http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/02/05/2483470.htm?section=justin
• The Global 2000 - Forbes.com : https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/18/global-09_The-Global-2000_Prof.html
• Royal Dutch Shell plc Annual Review and Summary Financial Statements 2008 : https://archive.today/20130104162330/http://www.annualreview.shell.com/2008/reviewoftheyear/selectedfinancialdata.php
• Royal Dutch Shell plc Second Quarter 2009 - Key Financial Data in dollars, euros and pounds sterling : http://www-static.shell.com/static/investor/downloads/financial_information/quarterly_results/2009/q2/q2_2009_keyfinancials.pdf

Notes and References

1. Web site: Saudi Arabian Oil Company Base Prospectus dated 1 April 2019. 2019-04-01. Saudi Aramco. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404101426/https://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/6727U_1-2019-4-1.pdf. 4 April 2019. live.
2. Web site: Saudi Aramco Annual Report 2021. 21 March 2021.
3. Web site: Vodafone Annual Report 2014 . 28 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170830000858/http://www.vodafone.com/content/annualreport/annual_report14/downloads/full_annual_report_2014.pdf . 30 August 2017 . dead .
4. Web site: 2013 Fannie Mae Form 10-K . 1 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161218140004/http://www.fanniemae.com/resources/file/ir/pdf/quarterly-annual-results/2013/10k_2013.pdf . 18 December 2016 . live .
5. Web site: Apple Inc. (AAPL) Income Statement - Yahoo Finance . 2022-05-20 . finance.yahoo.com . en-US.
6. https://www.aramco.com/-/media/publications/corporate-reports/saudi-aramco-ara-2020-english.pdf Saudi Aramco Annual Report 2020
7. Web site: US SEC: Form 10-K Berkshire Hathaway Inc.. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 4 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063450/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1067983/000119312518057033/d437858d10k.htm. 5 March 2018. live.
8. Web site: 31 December 2021 . Alphabet Inc. 2021 Annual Form 10-K Report . 3 February 2022 . abc.xyz.
9. Web site: Consolidated Statements for Q4 FY18. Apple. 1 November 2018. 1 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412094749/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Q4-FY18-Consolidated-Financial-Statements.pdf. 12 April 2019. live.
10. Web site: Microsoft 2021 Annual Report . 2022-05-20 . www.microsoft.com.
11. Web site: Apple 2015 Fourth Quarter Results. https://web.archive.org/web/20161229204417/https://www.apple.com/au/pr/library/2015/10/27Apple-Reports-Record-Fourth-Quarter-Results.html. 29 December 2016. live. 8 October 2017.
12. Web site: Apple 2016 Q4 Consolidated Financial Statements. Apple. https://web.archive.org/web/20180101082453/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/Q4FY16ConsolidatedFinancialStatements.pdf. 1 January 2018. live.
13. Web site: Apple 10-K Report FY2020 . 26 September 2020 . 12 January 2021.
14. Web site: Consolidated Statements for Q4 FY19 . Apple Inc. . 1 November 2019 . 1 November 2019.
15. Web site: XOM: Investors: Summary Annual Reports. ExxonMobil. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20121018000921/http://ir.exxonmobil.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115024&p=irol-reportsAnnual. 18 October 2012. dead.
16. Web site: 中国工商银行股份有限公司网站－Investor Relations栏目－Financial Reports栏目－2021 Annual Report . 2022-05-20 . www.icbc.com.cn.
17. News: Apple 2017 Fourth Quarter Results. Apple Newsroom. 2017-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20180805112903/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/11/apple-reports-fourth-quarter-results/. 5 August 2018. live. en-US.
18. Web site: 2012 Annual Report. Annualreports.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20181112101319/https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NYSE_XOM_2012.pdf. 12 November 2018. live.
19. Web site: Apple Income Statement on NASDAQ website. https://web.archive.org/web/20161221022017/http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/aapl/financials?query=income-statement. 21 December 2016. live.
20. 2015 Annual Results Announcement. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited. 30 March 2016. 27 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20161007191151/http://v.icbc.com.cn/userfiles/Resources/ICBCLTD/download/2016/2015en.pdf. 7 October 2016. live.
21. Web site: ExxonMobil. exxonmobil.com. 7 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20120320074926/http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/Files/Corporate/fo_2005.pdf. 20 March 2012. live.
22. Web site: Exxon Mobil Corporation Announces Estimated Fourth Quarter 2011 Results. www.businesswire.com. 31 January 2012 . 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130141/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120131006006/en/Exxon-Mobil-Corporation-Announces-Estimated-Fourth-Quarter. 8 October 2017. live.
23. Web site: Apple Reports Fourth Quarter Results. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170323030019/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/10/25Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results.html. 23 March 2017. live.
24. Web site: Letter to Shareholders from Jamie Dimon, Annual Report 2021 . 2022-05-20 . JPMorgan Chase & Co. . en.
25. http://v.icbc.com.cn/userfiles/Resources/ICBCLTD/download/2021/2020AnnualResults20210326.pdf Industrial & Commercial Bank of China 2020 Annual Report
26. Web site: Nestlé. nestle.com. 7 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105092556/http://www.nestle.com/asset-library/Documents/Library/Documents/Financial_Statements/2010-Financial-Statements-EN.pdf. 5 November 2013. dead.
27. Web site: Investor & Relations - CCB . 2022-05-20 . en.ccb.com.
28. Web site: Annual Report 2018. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. 2019-05-31. en.
29. Web site: Microsoft 2020 Annual Report. 2021-04-13. www.microsoft.com.
30. Web site: Apple - Annual Report. investor.apple.com. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234143/http://investor.apple.com/secfiling.cfm?filingid=1193125-14-383437&cik=. 14 October 2017. dead.
31. https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/2020ar/2020ar.pdf Berkshire Hathaway Inc. 2020 Annual Report
32. Web site: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Announces 2012 Results. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20130401051913/http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/newsupdates/icbc%20news/Industrial%20and%20Commercial%20Bank%20of%20China%20Limited%20Announces%202012%20Results.htm. 1 April 2013. dead.
33. Web site: Financial Highlights - Investor Relations – CCB. 27 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170325014501/http://www.ccb.com/en/newinvestor/financial.html. 25 March 2017. live.
34. Web site: Royal Dutch Shell. shell.com. 7 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20110823034700/http://www.shell.com/home/content/investor/financial_information/annual_reports_and_publications/archive/. 23 August 2011. dead.
35. Web site: Annual Report 2018. 2019-03-27. China Construction Bank Corporation. 2019-05-29. en.
36. Web site: ICBC 2011 Annual Results Announcement . 31 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170309195411/http://www.icbc-ltd.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/ICBC/Resources/ICBCLTD/%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD/2012/2011%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8AH%E8%82%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87ENG.pdf . 9 March 2017 . live .
37. Web site: Annual Review Royal Dutch Shell PLC Annual Review and Summary Financial Statements 2011. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20160506111135/http://reports.shell.com/annual-review/2011/servicepages/downloads/files/entire_shell_review_11.pdf. 6 May 2016. live.
38. Web site: Historical Currency Converter - OANDA. www.oanda.com. 3 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20110202154335/http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates. 2 February 2011. live.
39. Web site: CPI Inflation Calculator . 3 December 2021.
40. News: AOL Time Warner reports $100bn loss . BBC News . 30 January 2003 . 28 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110210204805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2707199.stm . 10 February 2011 . live .
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