List of kidnappings explained

The following is a list of kidnappings summarizing the events of each case, including instances of celebrity abductions, claimed hoaxes, suspected kidnappings, extradition abductions, and mass kidnappings.

By date

• List of kidnappings before 1900

Modern kidnappings of celebrities or their relatives

Kidnappers interested in getting a large ransom or a political effect often target celebrities or their relatives. Here are some of the people affected by these crimes:

• Mordechai Oren was a European politician who was taken hostage in Czechoslovakia during the Cold War in 1951 and sentenced to 15 years in prison,^[1] before being released.
• Leon Ames

Film and television actor who, together with his wife, was held hostage at their home on 12 February 1964. They were rescued by police, who had been alerted to the case by his business partner.^[2]

• Leonard Firestone (57–58), American businessman, philanthropist, diplomat was the target of an aborted kidnapped plan that was to take place in 1966.^[3]
• Cindy Birdsong

A member of the Motown supergroup The Supremes. Birdsong was kidnapped in December 1969, aged 30, at knife-point from her Hollywood apartment and escaped two hours later by jumping from the car at a freeway exit.^[4] Charles Collier, the handyman at Birdsong's apartment, was later convicted of the kidnapping.

• Karl von Spreti

West-Germany's ambassador to Guatemala, was kidnapped in 1970 in Guatemala City and later murdered.^{[5] [6] [7]}

• Yoko Ono

Her second husband Anthony Cox abducted their daughter Kyoko Chan Cox in 1971.^[8] Ono and her daughter were finally reunited in 1997.

• Escort Ian Ball had attempted to kidnap Anne, Princess Royal on 20 March 1974^[9] while she and Mark Phillips had left a charity event and were returning home to Buckingham Palace. His plan to do so proved unsuccessful.
• Chris Cramer

British news journalist and executive for BBC who was one of the 25 hostages held during the Iranian Embassy siege.^[10] Cramer was released on 1 May 1980, after falsely complaining that he felt ill, and later provided information on the situation.

• Jorge and Juan Born (1974), scions of the Bunge y Born business, were kidnapped in September by the Montoneros and only released after the payment of a $60 million ransom.^[11]
• Cory Quirino (42), Filipino TV host and broadcaster who was abducted on 24 September 1995 in Laguna, Philippines by five armed gunmen who killed her driver. She was eventually rescued when the getaway car ran into a police roadblock, and her kidnappers fled the scene.^[12]
• Jessica Alba, actress and businesswoman who was kidnapped and held captive for 14 hours in 1996.^[13] She was later discovered bound, blindfolded and gagged, but her kidnapper was never brought to trial and the case was dropped.
• Jorge Campos (footballer): In 1999, his father was kidnapped and later found alive in Acapulco, Mexico.^[14]
• Rajkumar (born Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju), an actor and singer in Kannada film industry, was kidnapped from the actor's house at Gajanur in Tamil Nadu on 30 July 2000, along with his son-in-law Govindaraju and two others. He was released unharmed on 15 November 2000, after 108 days of captivity.^[15]
• Françoise Claustre

French archaeologist who was kidnapped in Chad by guerillas led by Hissène Habré.^[16] Her husband, Pierre, was the head of the French foreign aid mission in Chad and was also taken hostage when he tried to secure her release.

• Baron Édouard-Jean Empain: Industrialist who was kidnapped for ransom.^[17] His captors cut off one of his fingers in order to bring proof that they held him. He was later released.
• John Paul Getty III, kidnapped in Italy in 1973.^[18] His grandfather, the then world's richest man, American multi-billionaire oil tycoon, J. Paul Getty, refused to pay his $3 million ransom until one of the boy's ears was cut off and sent to a newspaper.
• Freddy Heineken (1983): Chairman of the board of directors and CEO of the brewing company Heineken International and his driver Ab Doderer, were kidnapped between 9 and 30 November 1983 in Amsterdam.^[19]
• Jennifer Hudson

Her nephew was kidnapped after her mother and brother were shot to death. He was later found dead.^[20]

• Julio Iglesias

His father was kidnapped in 1985, but was found alive and healthy.^[21]

• Charles Lindbergh

The aviator's two-year-old son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped in 1932^[22] and was killed. Bruno Hauptmann was arrested and executed for the crime, but concerns remain regarding Hauptmann's guilt and the fairness of the trial (see Lindbergh kidnapping).

• Madonna

American singer-songwriter and actress who was supposedly tied to a chair and held captive by ex-husband Sean Penn at their house in Malibu, California home on 28 December 1989. She has categorically denied that this incident has occurred, and the couple later separated.^[23]

• Adi Koila Mara Nailatikau

First daughter of Fiji and senator,^[24] was kidnapped during a coup against her father. Her kidnappers had threatened to kill her, but she was returned alive.

• Veruska Ramirez, former Miss Venezuela, kidnapped in 2003 and released three hours later after signing fifteen autographs for her captors.^[25]
• David Letterman

In 2005, FBI agents and Montana authorities foiled a kidnapping of Letterman's son from his Choteau, Montana home.^[26]

• Riddick Bowe (boxer): Former world heavyweight champion kidnapped his estranged wife, Judy, and their five children from North Carolina in February 1998,^[27] hoping to reconcile his marriage. Police captured Bowe in South Hill, Virginia, freeing his family.
• Cesar Rosas

Member of Los Lobos whose wife, Sandra, was kidnapped on 23 October 1999 and later found dead.^[28] Gabriel Gómez was accused and sentenced for her kidnapping and murder.

• Georgiy Gongadze

Prominent Ukrainian journalist kidnapped and later found beheaded in 2000.^[29] His disappearance has triggered a major political and diplomatic scandal also involving the United States and other Western countries. No details of the crime have been revealed yet.

• Susan Enriquez, a Filipina journalist, news presenter, radio and television host who was kidnapped on 20 April 2000 in Basilan by Abu Sayyaf,^{[30] [31]} but was later released.
• Daryush Shokof

The artist-filmmaker was kidnapped after he screened his films Iran Zendan and Hitler's Grave that portrayed the horrible situations of Iranian political prisoners in Iran and under the Islamic republic Regime of Iran in Berlin, Germany. He said he was held by Arabic speaking men for 12 days and was released after agreeing not to publicize the films. He was later thrown into the Rhine river in Cologne, Germany. The German Police debates the validity of the incident up to this date.^{[32] [33]}

• Frank Sinatra Jr. (1963), son of Frank Sinatra, was kidnapped^[34] by Barry Keenan and Joe Amsler and released after a ransom of $240,000 was paid a few days later. Most of the ransom money was recovered.
• Johnny Tapia

The world boxing champion saw his mother raped and kidnapped when he was 8 years old.^[35] He was hiding when he witnessed the assault. His mother's body was found on a road days later.

• Thalía

The Mexican diva's sisters, Ernestina Sodi and actress Laura Zapata, were kidnapped, but later both released alive.^[36]

• Benedict Cumberbatch and two acquaintances were kidnapped by six armed men in South Africa in 2005 while filming the miniseries To the End of the Earth. The trio were released unharmed shortly thereafter.^[37]
• Rubén Omar Romano, Argentine soccer coach, was kidnapped in Mexico on 19 July 2005^[38] and rescued two months later.
• Steven Adler (42), former Guns N' Roses drummer was kidnapped by his brother Jamie Adler on 22 March 2007 and taken to Los Angeles, California^[39] and held and released after 30 days in an attempt to get him off drugs.
• Thiago da Silva (25), Brazilian footballer who was kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro on 24 September 2008 and while trying to escape was shot multiple times which caused him to die six days later.^[40]
• Duffy (25), a singer-songwriter, had alleged that in 2010 she had been kidnapped,^[41] raped, and drugged, and managed to escape. She has not revealed the kidnappers' identities or the location of the alleged crimes.
• Alex Band

Singer-songwriter best known as the guitarist for The Calling, Band was reportedly robbed, beaten and then abandoned near some train tracks by two unidentified assailants on 18 August 2013. He was rushed to a nearby hospital, where he was treated and later released.^[42]

• Victor Li Tzar-kuoi, son of the Hong Kong tycoon, Li Ka Shing: Kidnapped by Cheung Chi Keung, AKA "Big Spender".^[43] He was released after the world record payment of a HK$1,000,000,000 (US$134,000,000) ransom. Cheung was later captured and executed in Guangzhou in 2000.
• Pai Hsiao-yen, daughter of Taiwanese artiste Pai Bing-bing, was kidnapped and subsequently murdered in April 1997. In a year-long hunt, with the kidnappers committing a further series of crimes and suicide upon arrest, Chen Chien-hsing, the mastermind of the kidnapping, was finally arrested in November after perpetrating a hostage incident, and was subsequently executed. The case received notoriety due to the poor media ethics conducted, among these which resulted in unsuccessful ransom negotiations.^{[44] [45] [46] [47] [48]}
• Daisy McCrackin (37), was kidnapped on 3 May 2017 while in Los Angeles and held hostage in her own car while be driven around. McCrackin later escaped and her kidnappers are now facing charges.^{[49] [50]}
• Einár

Swedish rapper who was kidnapped by gang members associated with rival rapper Yasin in April 2020. He was later released, but was killed the following year when he was scheduled to testify in the case.^[51]

• Thirteen adult males were arrested on 8 October 2020 by the FBI as they were plotting to kidnap American politician Gretchen Whitmer^{[52] [53]} who is the current Governor of Michigan. Another man was later arrested after being accused of having a part in the planned kidnapping.^[54] All men were later charged in court.
• A man from Harlow was attempting to kidnap and murder English television presenter, author and model Holly Willoughby (42), but his plan was foiled as he was arrested on 4 October 2023.^[55]
• A man has threatened to kidnap a U.S. senator from Alaska on 3 November 2023 who is thought to be Lisa Murkowski (66),^[56] but his plans to do so have not happened.

Faked kidnappings

• Tawana Brawley, African-American teenager who claimed in November 1987 that she had been abducted, held prisoner and gang-raped by a group of four white men over a four-day period. A grand jury ruled that Brawley had fabricated her story and one of the men accused successfully sued her for defamation.^[57]
• Jules Croiset, Dutch actor who faked being kidnapped by neo-Nazis in 1987 in order to stir enough outrage to prevent a play he considered to be antisemitic from being performed.^[58]
• Dar Heatherington, Alberta city councillor who claimed to have been abducted in Montana.^[59]
• Audrey Seiler, a college student from Wisconsin who disappeared on March 27, 2004. She was found four days later after an extensive search. It was later revealed she had fabricated her "abduction".^[60]
• Jennifer Wilbanks, American woman who alleged that she was kidnapped as an excuse for her running away from her own wedding in late April 2005, in the Runaway bride case.^[61]
• Quinn Gray, resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida who disappeared over Labor Day weekend in 2009 and left a ransom note behind demanding $50,000 for her return. Was found four days later and revealed to have used the hoax for extortion in collusion with her boyfriend, Jasmin Osmanovic. Osmanivoc pleaded guilty, Gray no contest; both sentenced to probation with fines to repay the cost of the investigation.^{[62] [63] [64] [65]}
• Somália, Brazilian footballer who falsely claimed in 2011 that he had been kidnapped. It was proved that he was running late for a training session and tried to avoid a 40% wage cut for tardiness.^[66]
• Sherri Papini, California woman whose 2016 disappearance became a national news story, later arrested and convicted of faking her abduction.^[67]
• Breana Harmon Talbott, 19-year-old white woman who falsely claimed to have been kidnapped and gang-raped by three black men. She confessed to faking her kidnapping two weeks later after inconsistencies in her story were highlighted and pleaded guilty to tampering with evidence.^[68]
• Carlee Russell, Alabama nursing student who disappeared for 49 hours in July 2023 and contacted police claiming she had been abducted. She later admitted to faking her abduction and was convicted of false reporting.^[69]

Suspected kidnappings

• Sodder children, five children reported missing after a suspicious fire at their family home. They were officially declared dead, but it is widely believed that they survived and were abducted by persons unknown.^[70]
• Helen Brach, millionaire owner of a candy company; an informant claimed she was kidnapped after leaving the Mayo Clinic, then murdered; her remains have never been located.^[71]
• Hassani Campbell, 5-year-old boy with cerebral palsy, went missing in Oakland, California on 10 August 2009. Hassani's foster father, Louis Ross, said he left Hassani waiting at the back of the shoe store where Hassani's aunt, Jennifer Campbell, worked while he went around to the front of the store with Hassani's younger sister.^[72]
• Haleigh Cummings, the child, according to news reports from CNN and other major television news sources, was being watched by the girlfriend, later wife, of her father, Ronald Cummings, when she disappeared from her mobile home in Satsuma, Florida in February 2009. Two persons of interest in the still unsolved kidnapping were implicated in a drug sting in January 2010, renewing interest in the case.^[73]
• Jimmy Hoffa, disappeared and declared legally dead.^[74] Several rumors and theories, including an alleged kidnapping, surfaced in later years.
• Aimee Semple McPherson, evangelist who maintained she was kidnapped and held for ransom from 18 May through 23 June 1926 until she escaped. A grand jury inquiry instead charged her with fabricating it. Charges against McPherson were dropped for lack of evidence. No indictments against her described kidnappers were pursued.^{[75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80]}
• Cédrika Provencher, 10-year-old girl from Trois-Rivières, Canada went missing on 31 July 2007. Her remains were discovered on 11 December 2015.^[81]
• Tabitha Tuders, 13-year-old girl from Nashville, Tennessee disappeared on her way to board the school bus on April 29, 2003. An neighbour claims to have seen her getting in a car with a man. She has not been seen nor heard from since then.^{[82] [83] [84] [85]}

Kidnapping in lieu of extradition

See main article: Extradition and abduction

• Humberto Álvarez Machaín, from Mexico to the United States by locals hired by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration in 1990.^[86]
• Jabez Balfour, from Argentina to the United Kingdom in 1895.^[87]
• Ronnie Biggs, from Brazil to the United Kingdom by independent bounty hunters in 1981.^[88]
• Adolf Eichmann, from Argentina to Israel in 1960.^[89]
• Mir Aimal Kansi, from Pakistan to the United States in 1997.^[90]
• Andrew Luster, from Mexico to the United States by Duane Chapman ("Dog the Bounty Hunter") in 2003.^[91]
• Martin Mubanga, from Zambia to Guantanamo Bay by the United States in 2002.^[92]
• Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr, from Italy to Egypt by the CIA in 2005.^[93]
• Jamshid Sharmahd, from the United Arab Emirates to Iran in 2020.^[94]
• Morton Sobell, from Mexico to the United States in 1950.^[95]
• Mordechai Vanunu, from Italy to Israel in 1986.^[96]

Mass kidnappings

• Bisbee kidnappings

1,300 striking miners were unlawfully detained by a deputized posse on orders from Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler before being loaded onto cattle cars and transported 200 miles to New Mexico. A Federal investigation found that the victims had been illegally kidnapped.^[97]

• Heuaktion

40, 000 to 50, 000 Polish and Ukrainian children aged 10 to 14 were kidnapped by Nazi German occupation forces and transported to Germany for slave labour at the command of Alfred Rosenberg and Henning von Tresckow.^[98]

• 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping

26 children on a school bus and the bus driver were held in a buried moving van, in a quarry.^[99]

• December 1998 kidnapping of western tourists in Yemen

16 western tourists were kidnapped while on vacation in Yemen. Four were killed in a botched rescue operation by Yemeni authorities the following day.^[100]

• 2010 Kurram agency mass kidnapping

60 people were taken from the Kurram Tribunial Agency in Pakistan by militants dressed as police officers.^{[101] [102]}

• 2014 Chibok kidnapping

More than 200 schoolgirls were taken from their school during an exam. The Boko Haram terrorist group is suspected to have perpetrated the attack.^[103]

• 2014 Iguala mass kidnapping

43 male students from a rural school in Mexico were planning to go to a protest in Mexico City when they were shot at by police and taken into custody.^{[104] [105]}

• 2015 Malari kidnapping

40 boys and young men were kidnapped by Boko Haram.^[106]

• 2018 Dapchi kidnapping

110 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by Boko Haram.^[107]

• 2020 Kankara kidnapping

334 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by a criminal gang.^[108]

• 2021 Kagara kidnapping

27 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped and one killed, three members of the school's staff and 12 of their relatives were also abducted.^[109]

• 2021 Jangebe kidnapping

279 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by armed bandits in Jangebe.^[110]

• 2021 Afaka kidnapping

39 students (23 females and 16 males) were kidnapped by armed bandits in Afaka.^[111]

• 2021 Pantelhó mass kidnapping

21 residents of Pantelhó, Chiapas, Mexico, were kidnapped by El Machete under the pretext that the abductees were involved in organized crime.^[112]

• 2021 Haitian missionary kidnappings

17 Christian missionaries, most from United States, one from Canada, were kidnapped for ransom by members of the 400 Mawozo gang.^[113]

• Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War: At least 700, 000 Ukrainian children have been kidnapped by Russian troops, transferred to Russian-held territory, assigned Russian citizenship, and forcibly adopted by Russian families since the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War.^[114] The International Criminal Court accused Russian leader Vladimir Putin of being responsible for the kidnappings.^[115]
• Kidnappings during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war: around 200 people, mostly Israeli civilians, were kidnapped by Hamas militants on October 7, 2023, and another 50 by other Palestinian militant groups.^[116]

See also

• List of long-term false imprisonment cases

Notes and References

1. News: 1985-03-01 . Mordechai Oren Dies; Israeli Jailed by Czechs . 2024-05-01 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
2. News: Rieder . Ron . Kidnap, Free Mrs. Leon Ames . The van Nuys News . The Van Nuys News . 13 February 1964 . 1, 18 . . 2 September 2015 .
3. Web site: Milestones: Mar. 11, 1966 – TIME . 28 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101028130246/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899100,00.html . 28 October 2010 .
4. Web site: The Supreme's Cindy Birdsong Kidnapped At Knife Point; Dramatic Escape – RareSoul.com . 19 January 2022 . en-US .
5. Book: Blumenau, Bernhard . The United Nations and Terrorism. Germany, Multilateralism, and Antiterrorism Efforts in the 1970s . Palgrave Macmillan . 2014 . 978-1-137-39196-4 . Basingstoke . 41–45 .
6. News: Guatemalans Seize Bonn Envoy . The Washington Post . 1 April 1970 .
7. News: Guatemalans Kill Bonn Envoy After Ransom Bid Is Refused . The Washington Post . 6 April 1970 .
8. Web site: 14 April 2020 . John Lennon: Why He Called a Yoko Ono Song 1 of the 'Best' Rock Songs . 21 January 2022 . Big World Tale . en-US .
9. News: On This Day > 20 March > 1974: Kidnap attempt on Princess Anne. BBC. 22 October 2008. 20 March 1974. 17 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081217193111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/20/newsid_2524000/2524489.stm. live.
10. Web site: Michael . Holmes . Chris Cramer, veteran journalist and former CNN executive, dies aged 73 . 20 January 2022 . CNN . 17 January 2021 .
11. News: Jonathan . Kandell . 21 June 1975 . Argentine Ransom Is Put at $60-Million . en-US . The New York Times . 7 March 2022 . 0362-4331 .
12. Web site: Cory Quirino recalls kidnapping ordeal on I Survived . Philippine Entertainment Portal . 3 September 2009 .
13. Web site: Hutchinson . Emily . 2022-12-05 . The Terrifying Story Of How Jessica Alba Got Kidnapped . 2024-01-25 . Nicki Swift . en-US.
14. Web site: Campos' Father Kidnapped Sports The Harvard Crimson. 21 January 2022. The Harvard Crimson.
15. Web site: Generations to Come Will Marvel at the Brilliance of Dr Rajkumar, the Ultimate Kannada Superstar . News18 . 24 April 2020 .
16. News: James F. . Clarity . 14 September 1975 . French Stirred by Chad Captive . en-US . The New York Times . 21 January 2022 . 0362-4331 .
17. According to Édouard-Jean Empain in the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain – "" (2005).
18. Book: Gucci, Patricia . Patricia Gucci . In the Name of Gucci: A Memoir . 10 May 2016 . Crown/Archetype . 978-0-8041-3894-9 .
19. Web site: Kidnapping of Freddy Heineken- the beer tycoon . 30 March 2015 . Express . en . 23 July 2016 .
20. News: 24 October 2008 . Jennifer Hudson's Mom, Brother Shot to Death . KLTA News . 25 October 2008 .
21. Web site: Singer's father freed from kidnappers . 21 January 2022 . UPI . en .
22. Gill, Barbara. "Lindbergh kidnapping rocked the world 50 years ago" . The Hunterdon County Democrat, 1981. Retrieved: 30 December 2008.
23. Web site: Konda . Kelly . 24 March 2015 . About That One Time Sean Penn Tied Madonna to a Chair & Tormented Her for Hours . 19 January 2022 . We Minored in Film . en .
24. Web site: chrismoffat . Adi Koila Nailatikau . 7 March 2022 . Commonwealth Oral History Project . en-US .
25. Web site: Harris . Scott . Brazilian Police Arrest Suspect in Vitor Belfort's Sister's Murder . 3 August 2021 . Bleacher Report . en .
26. Web site: Letterman Tot Kidnap Plot Foiled . 19 January 2022 . www.cbsnews.com . 17 March 2005 . en-US .
27. News: Riddick Bowe Facing 2 Years in Prison . ABC News . 13 July 2001 . 30 April 2013 .
28. Web site: Unknown . Police Discover Body of Los Lobos Wife . VH1 . 30 November 2000 . https://archive.today/20071001090441/http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/1437136/20001130/los_lobos.jhtml . dead . 1 October 2007 . 3 October 2018 .
29. https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&q=Kuchma+edited&pg=PA504 Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004
30. Web site: Abu Sayyaf abducted 20 journalists since 2000. ABS-CBN News. July 24, 2019.
31. Web site: Foreign journalist, Filipino crew missing in Jolo CMFR. cmfr-phil.org. June 18, 2012 . July 24, 2019.
32. Web site: BBC فارسی – فرهنگ و هنر – معمای فیلمساز ایرانی مقیم آلمان . Persian . bbc.co.uk . 17 June 2010 .
33. Web site: Wende im Fall Shokof: Entführung war vorgetäuscht . 16 March 2011 . German . Daniel . Taab . rundschau-online.de . 20 January 2022 . 22 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140222181938/http://www.rundschau-online.de/lokales/wende-im-fall-shokof-entfuehrung-war-vorgetaeuscht,15185494,15331088.html . dead .
34. Web site: The Kidnapping of Frank Sinatra Jr. – The Snatch . Crime Library on Trutv.com . 8 December 1963 . 7 June 2011 .
35. News: Martin . Douglas . 28 May 2012 . Johnny Tapia, Champion Boxer Amid Chaos, Dies at 45 . en-US . The New York Times . 7 March 2022 . 0362-4331 .
36. Web site: The Americas: Mexico: Kidnapped Writer Freed . 29 October 2002 . . 15 November 2010 .
37. News: Benedict Cumberbatch Reveals He Was Once Abducted in South Africa . . 13 September 2013. 27 February 2023.
38. Web site: Man gets 26 years for Romano kidnap . amp.foxsports.com .
39. Web site: A. O. L. Staff. 2023-05-26 . Sweet brother of mine: The wild, untold story of how Guns N' Roses drummer Steven Adler was kidnapped by his sibling to break heroin addiction . 2023-05-29 . www.aol.com . en-US.
40. "Football player Silva dies in hospital days after assassination attempt." Xinhua News. 25 September 2008.
41. Web site: 7 April 2020 . Singer Duffy Gives New Details About Being Drugged, Kidnapped, And Raped . 15 January 2023 . Oxygen Official Site . en-US .
42. Web site: Sacks . Ethan . The Calling singer Alex Band severely beaten after being abducted in van: report . 10 September 2021 . nydailynews.com . 20 August 2013 .
43. http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1368203/kidnapper-asked-me-financial-advice-says-tycoon-li-ka-shing "Kidnapper of Li Ka-shing's son rang tycoon to ask where he should invest HK$1billion ransom."
44. News: Healy, Tim . Underwood, Laurie . 16 May 1997 . A mother's despair . . 29 September 2010 . 23 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140223203645/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/97/0516/feat1.html . dead .
45. Web site: AsiaNow – Asiaweek . 17 April 2022 . edition.cnn.com .
46. News: . 19 November 1997 . Murder suspect takes 3 South Africans hostage in Taiwan . Herald-Journal . AP . 2 January 2015 .
47. News: . 26 December 1998 . Kidnapper gets death for girl's murder . New Straits Times . Reuter . 2 January 2015 .
48. Web site: . 1997 . Taiwan Human Rights Report 1997: The Media and Human Rights . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20041105025449/http://www.tahr.org.tw/site/data/report97/eng97/e06.html . 5 November 2004 . 5 January 2015 . Taiwan Association for Human Rights.
49. News: Three people charged with kidnapping of Halloween actress . 4 July 2018 . BBC .
50. Web site: Three Charged with Kidnapping Actress, Actor . Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office . 4 July 2018 .
51. Web site: 22 October 2021 . Swedish rapper Einar shot dead in suspected gang-related attack . 25 October 2021 . The Guardian . en .
52. News: Egan . Paul . Baldas . Tresa . 'Deeply disturbing': Feds charge six militia members in domestic terror plot to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer . October 8, 2020 . . October 8, 2020 .
53. News: Leone . Jared . FBI thwarts militia plot to kidnap Michigan governor . October 8, 2020 . . October 8, 2020 .
54. Web site: Hutchinson . Derick . 2020-10-15 . Officials charge 14th person linked to domestic terror plot targeting Michigan Gov. Whitmer . 2023-12-10 . WDIV . en.
55. Web site: Holly Willoughby: Man charged over alleged plot to kidnap and murder This Morning presenter. Sky News. 6 October 2023. Niamh. Lynch.
56. Web site: 2023-11-03 . Alaska man charged after threatening to kidnap and injure a US senator . 2023-11-11 . Yahoo Sports . en-CA.
57. News: Joseph P.. Fried. Hoping Brawley Thinks Of 'Damage She Caused'.. . March 2, 2003 . March 20, 2007.
58. News: Dutch Actor's Tale Exposes A Nation's Guilt About Jews . 17 March 2012 . The New York Times . James M. . Markham . 30 January 1988 .
59. Web site: 12 March 2013 . Alberta man charged with public mischief over fake disappearance . 6 March 2022 . CTVNews . en .
60. News: Harter, Kevin . April 3, 2005 . A year after student faked her own abduction, she's taking life 'step by step' . July 5, 2017 . The Courier . Knight Ridder Newspapers.
61. Michelle Fabio (December 2009). "Runaway Bride? Why Georgia Isn't Letting Her Off the Hook…" LegalZoom. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-07. Lots of brides are overwhelmed with wedding preparations. And considering Wilbanks' nuptials were to be a 600 guest affair at the lavish Atlanta Athletic Club, complete with 28 bridal attendants, well, it's understandable, right?
62. News: Quinn Gray saga: The story behind the Ponte Vedra housewife who faked her own kidnapping. Florida Times-Union. 16 September 2019. 23 March 2023.
63. News: Quinn Gray gets seven years probation. Florida Times-Union. 11 February 2011. 23 March 2023.
64. News: Quinn Gray Kidnap Hoax?. CBS News. 3 November 2009. 23 March 2023.
65. News: The Quinn Gray Kidnapping Hoax Was Like a Real Life Gone Girl. Grunge. 24 August 2022. 23 March 2023.
66. News: Brazil police say footballer Somalia faked his kidnap . 7 January 2011 . 31 July 2019 . BBC News .
67. News: Sherri Papini: US woman who staged her own disappearance sentenced to 18 months. BBC News. 19 September 2022. 1 December 2023.
68. News: No Prison For Texas Teen Who Lied About Being Raped By 3 Black Men. Huffington Post. 27 February 2018. 12 April 2024.
69. News: Woman who faked abduction in Alabama found guilty . October 11, 2023 . October 11, 2023.
70. News: Abbott. Karen. The Children Who Went Up In Smoke. Smithsonian. December 25, 2012. December 2, 2015.
71. News: A ring that one man claimed belonged to candy heiress Helen Brach is at the Glenview Police Department; some consider it proof of how she was murdered . https://web.archive.org/web/20120128001041/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-11-25/news/ct-met-helen-brach-ruby-ring-20111124_1_frank-brach-joe-plemmons-jack-matlick . dead . 28 January 2012 . Chicago Tribune . 9 March 2016 .
72. Web site: The Charley Project: Hasanni Jamil Campbell . Good . Meaghan Elizabeth . www.charleyproject.org . 9 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170804062204/http://www.charleyproject.org/cases/c/campbell_hasanni.html . 4 August 2017 . dead .
73. News: Missing Haleigh's dad, his ex-wife arrested in drug sting . CNN . 22 January 2010 .
74. News: Investigations: Hoffa Search: 'Looks Bad Right Now' . . 18 August 1975 . 6 May 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100617053839/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917718-3,00.html . 17 June 2010 . dead .
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