List of investigational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs explained

This is a list of investigational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but are not yet approved.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.

This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2021. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

Preregistration

• TRN-110 [extended-release] undefined mechanism / extended-release form of an undisclosed drug https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800052398

Phase 3 clinical trials

• Centanafadine [sustained-release] (centanafadine SR, CTN-SR, EB-1020, EB-1020 SR) serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035830
• Dexmethylphenidate [controlled release] (CTX-1301) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048266
• Edivoxetine (LY-2216684) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026152
• Molindone [extended-release] (AFX-2201, EN-1733A, molindone XR, SPN-810, SPN-810M, Zalvari) antipsychotic / dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist and serotonin receptor modulator (e.g., serotonin 5-HT_2B and 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist) specifically under development for impulsive aggression in ADHD https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029611^{[1] [2]}
• Serdexmethylphenidate (KP-484) dexmethylphenidate prodrug / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://kempharm.com/pipeline-products/#kp484 https://drug-dev.com/prodrug-technology-prodrugs-for-adhd-treatments-opportunities-potential-to-fill-unmet-medical-needs/
• Solriamfetol (ADX-N05, ARL-N05, JZP-110, SKL-N05; Sunosi) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030225

Phase 2 clinical trials

• CX-717 ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020277
• Mazindol [controlled release] (NLS-0, NLS-1, NLS-10, NLS-13, NLS-2, Nolazol, Quilience) serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800041870
• PDC-1421 (BLI-1005) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037456

Phase 1 clinical trials

• AFX-2401 "neurotransmitter modulator" https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800057192
• Atomoxetine [oral solution] (TAH-9922) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053825
• Dextroamphetamine [abuse-deterrent immediate-release] (ADAIR) norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800057232

Preclinical/research

• Atomoxetine [oral suspension] norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800063526
• Dextroamphetamine [controlled release] (CTX-1302) norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048271
• NNI-351 DYRK1A inhibitor and "neurogenesis enhancer" https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029097

No development reported

• AFI-002 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800046844
• Altropane (123-I Altropane®, [123I]-E-IACFT Injection, [123I]NAV5001, CFT, Iodine-123-E-IACFT Injection, NAV-5001, O-587) dopamine reuptake inhibitor / single-photon emission-computed tomography enhancer https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008111
• Amphetamine [oral abuse-deterrent immediate-release] (ADAIR) norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048838
• Bavisant (BEN-2001, JNJ-1074, JNJ-31001074) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031762
• BCWP-E003 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045991
• BLI-1008 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037500
• Brilaroxazine (RP-5000, RP-5063) atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035778
• Cannabidiol/gabapentin (Cannbleph) cannabinoid receptor modulator and gabapentinoid https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045266
• Ciforadenant (CPI-444, V-81444) adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034823
• CM-4612 (CM-ADHD, CM-AT, CM-PK) gastrointestinal/pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023722
• CRD-102 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020947
• Dasotraline (DSP-225289, SEP-225289, SEP-0225289, SEP-225289-HCI, SEP-289) serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023450
• Dextroamphetamine [abuse-resistant] (PF-08, PFR 08001, PFR08026) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034444
• Dextroamphetamine sulfate [modified release capsules] (HLD-900, HLD-100) norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038292
• Dopamine [intranasal] (DopaMat, MPP-18) dopamine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029699
• Eltoprazine (DU-28853) serotonin 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_1B receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000719
• Fasoracetam [co-crystallised] (AEVI-004, NFC-1) racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800052566
• GTS-21 (DMXB-A, DMXB-A sustained release, DMXB-A-SR) α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005633
• Guanfacine [once-daily] (Guanfacine Carrier Wave, SPD-547) α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032690
• IPX-233 (IPX233 ER C0003, IPX233-C0001, IPX233-C0002, IPX233-T0001, IPX233-T0002) central nervous system stimulant https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038953
• Masupirdine (M1, M1 of SUVN-502, SUVN-502, SVN-502) serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028819
• Methylphenidate [extended-release/abuse-resistant] (COL-171) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033282
• Methylphenidate [fast dissolve tablet] [Samyang Holdings Biopharmaceuticals] norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034407
• Methylphenidate [transdermal system] (SHX-009) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053286 http://www.dazhoubiomed.com/cpgx
• Methylphenidate/naltrexone (AVK-001) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and opioid receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053546
• Nic-12 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048465
• NLS-2 antianaemic / heavy metal / iron replacement https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043940
• PD-3044 dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800046468
• Pitolisant (tiprolisant; BF-2.649, BF-2649, Ozawade, Wakix) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029451
• R-Sibutramine metabolite ((+)-desmethylsibutramine, (+)-didesmethylsibutramine, R-DDMS, R-desmethylsibutramine, R-didesmethylsibutramine) serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013288
• Selegiline [transdermal] (Emsam) monoamine oxidase B inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013559
• SKL-13865 (SKL-ADHD) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043898
• Sofinicline (A-422894.0, ABT-894) α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800019709
• SPN-811 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029714
• Taminadenant (NIR-178, PBF-509) adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036814

Research programmes

• Ampakines / AMPA receptor modulators [RespireRx] (CX-516, CX-614, CX-707, CX-929, CX-1501, CX-1763, CX-1796, CX-1837, CX-1846, CX-1942, CX-2007, CX-2076) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013391
• Cannabis extracts [Cannabis Science] (CBIS GAP-001, CBIS LC-001, CBIS OBLD-001, CBIS OCD-001, CBIS PC-001, CBIS PPC-001, CBIS PS-001, CBIS SD-001, CBIS SSA-001, CBIS-OS-001, CBIS-PTSD-001, CS NEURO 1, CS-S/BCC-1, CS-TATI-1) cannabinoid receptor modulators https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031716
• Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors / adrenergic receptor antagonists [Pfizer] (NRI-022, NRI-193, WAY-253203, WAY-256805, WAY-260022, WAY-315193, WAY-318068) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800025889
• Pim2 / PolyPhetamine [ITL Pharma] https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048932
• Subtype-selective glutamate NMDA receptor modulators / glutamate NR2B receptor modulators [Novartis] https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800035633

Not under development

Development discontinued

• ABT-418 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004036
• Amphetamine [transdermal patch] [Noven/Takeda] norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024940
• Ampreloxetine (TD-9855) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026474
• AR-08 adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038267
• Aripiprazole (Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify MyCite, Abilitat, Ao Pai, Aripiprazole depot, Aripiprazole ECER tablets, Arlemide; OPC-14597, OPC-14597 IMD, OPC-31) atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001612
• AZD-5213 histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032171
• Bifemelane (SON-216) monoamine oxidase inhibitor and weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022557
• Bradanicline (ATA-101, TC-0569, TC-5619, TC-5619-238) α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026693
• Brexpiprazole (Rexulti, Rxulti; Lu-AF41156, OPC-34712, OPDC-34712) atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029282
• Buspirone [transdermal] (BuSpar Patch) serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist, other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800007478
• Cipralisant (GT-2331; Perceptin) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011060
• CX-516 (1-BCP, AMPAlex, BDP-12, SPD-420) ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006549
• CX-1739 ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028722
• Donepezil (Aricept, Aricept D, Aricept Dry Syrup, Aricept Evess, Aricept ODT, Aricept SR, Donepezil SR, E-2020, E-2022, Eranz) acetylcholinesterase inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001402
• Droxidopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, 3,4-threo-DOPS, L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine, L-threodops, Northera, threo-dopaserine, threo-DOPS) prodrug of norepinephrine / adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800025748
• Fasoracetam (AEVI-001, LAM-105, MDGN-001, NFC-1, NS-105) racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003134
• Ispronicline (AZD-3480, RJR-1734, TC 01734, TC-1734, TC-1734-112) α₄β₂-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011083
• KP-106 (dextroamphetamine prodrug oral film) norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030892
• Lauflumide (flmodafinil, bisfluoromodafinil; NLS-14, NLS-4) weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043932
• Manifaxine (BW-1555U88, GW-320659) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006906
• Mecamylamine (Inversine, Tridmac) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800014114
• MEM-68626 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800027932
• Metadoxine [sustained/extended-release] (pyridoxine-pyrrolidone carboxylate, pyridoxine pidolate; MDX, metadoxine SR, MG-01CI) serotonin 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist, GABA modulator, other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800034908
• Methylphenidate [transdermal patch] (TAH-9901) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053853
• MK-0249 histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024706
• Modafinil (AFT-801, Alertec, Attenace, CN-801, CRL-40476, Modasamil, Modasonil, Modavigil, Modiodal, Provigil, Sparlon, Vigil) weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000667
• Nicotine/opipramol (ND-0801; opipramol/nicotine) tricyclic antidepressant / monoamine and sigma receptor modulator and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032723
• NLS-8(melafenoxate) undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800052175https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nls-pharmaceutics-announces-r-d-133000237.html
• NS-2359 (GSK-372475) serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010231
• OPC-64005 serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045471
• ORG-26576 (ORG26576) ampakine / AMPA receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800025615
• PF-3654746 (PF-03654746) histamine H₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026838
• Phacetoperane (NLS-3) methylphenidate analogue / central nervous system stimulant / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (?) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043928
• Pirepemat (IRL-752) "cortical enhancer" / serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist and α_2C-adrenergic receptor antagonist, other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044794^[3]
• Pozanicline (A-87089.0, ABT-089) α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006779
• SEP-225432 serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028715
• SGS-742 (CGP-36742, DVD-742, Lu-AE58479, SGS-742) GABA_B receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001895
• SPD-483 undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800019074
• SPD-554 (Guanfacine Carrier Wave project) α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036598
• SPI-339 (NEO-339) undefined mechanism https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800016618
• TAK-137 AMPA receptor potentiator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039145
• TC-6683 (AZD 1446, TC-6683) α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029329
• Tipepidine [sustained-release] (TS-141) GIRK inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045387
• Vortioxetine (Brintellix, LU-AA21004, LuAA 21004, Trintellix) antidepressant / serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020088

Research programmes

• Potassium channel modulators [Astellas Pharma/Icagen] https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013863

Formal development never or not yet started

• Dopamine precursors (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-DOPA (levodopa))^[4]

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents

• Amphetamine (Adzenys ER, Adzenys XR-ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, Evekeo ODT) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800042515 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800040121 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800037736 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045151
• Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Zenzedi, Xelstrym) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039757 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026499
• Fenethylline (Biocapton, Captagon, Fitton) amphetamine and theophylline prodrug discontinued/no longer used
• Levoamphetamine (Cydril) discontinued/no longer used^[5]
• Lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse, Tyvense, Venvanse, Vyvanse) dextroamphetamine prodrug https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020876
• Methamphetamine (dextromethamphetamine; Desoxyn, Methampex) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=005378 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/005378s035lbl.pdf
• Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800019073
• Pemoline (Betanamin, Ceractiv, Cylert, Tradon) withdrawn/discontinued due to toxicity https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=016832 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/016832s022_017703s018lbl.pdf

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors

• Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008351
• Methylphenidate (Adhansia XR, Aptensio XR, Benjorna, Biphentin, Concerta, Cotempla XR-ODT, Daytrana, Equasym, Foquest, Jornay PM, Metadate, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methydur, MethyPatch, Oradur, QuilliChew ER, Quillivant XR, Ritalin, Ritalin SR) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010187 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/010187s093lbl.pdf https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=018029 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/010187s091,018029s059lbl.pdf https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033410 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012320 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012418 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038049 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033419 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012351 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030746 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038293 https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033403
• Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate (Azstarys) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048382

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

• Atomoxetine (tomoxetine; Strattera) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000561
• Viloxazine [extended-release] (Qelbree) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032016

α₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists

• Clonidine (Catapres, CloniBID, Clonicel, Jenloga XR, Kapvay) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026605
• Guanfacine (Connexyn, Intuniv, Intuniv XR, Tenex) https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=019032 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/019032s021lbl.pdf https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011997

Off-label drugs

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin) norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist^[6]
• Modafinil (Provigil) weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions
• Reboxetine (Edronax) norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor^[7]
• Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., venlafaxine (Effexor), duloxetine (Cymbalta))
• Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., desipramine (Norpramin) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)

See also

• List of investigational drugs

Further reading

• Childress A, Tran C . Current Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Expert Opin Investig Drugs . 25 . 4 . 463–74 . 2016 . 26814173 . 10.1517/13543784.2016.1147558 . 207477710 .
• Jain R, Katic A . Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Prim Care Companion CNS Disord . 18 . 4 . August 2016 . 27828696 . 10.4088/PCC.16r01979 .
• Buoli M, Serati M, Cahn W . Alternative pharmacological strategies for adult ADHD treatment: a systematic review . Expert Rev Neurother . 16 . 2 . 131–44 . 2016 . 26693882 . 10.1586/14737175.2016.1135735 . 33004517 .
• Nageye F, Cortese S . Beyond stimulants: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing novel compounds for ADHD . Expert Rev Neurother . 19 . 7 . 707–717 . July 2019 . 31167583 . 10.1080/14737175.2019.1628640 . 174810839 .
• Perugi G, Pallucchini A, Rizzato S, Pinzone V, De Rossi P . Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for the treatment of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . Expert Opin Pharmacother . 20 . 12 . 1457–1470 . August 2019 . 31112441 . 10.1080/14656566.2019.1618270 . 162170434 .
• Childress AC, Beltran N, Supnet C, Weiss MD . Reviewing the role of emerging therapies in the ADHD armamentarium . Expert Opin Emerg Drugs . 26 . 1 . 1–16 . March 2021 . 33143485 . 10.1080/14728214.2020.1846718 . 226251694 .

External links

• AdisInsight - Springer

Notes and References

1. Ceresoli-Borroni G, Nasser A, Adewole T, Liranso T, Xu J, Schwabe S, Findling RL . A Double-Blind, Randomized Study of Extended-Release Molindone for Impulsive Aggression in ADHD . J Atten Disord . 25 . 11 . 1564–1577 . September 2021 . 32338106 . 10.1177/1087054720909084 . 216556900 .
2. Robb AS, Connor DF, Amann BH, Vitiello B, Nasser A, O'Neal W, Schwabe S, Ceresoli-Borroni G, Newcorn JH, Candler SA, Buitelaar JK, Findling RL . Closing the gap: unmet needs of individuals with impulsive aggressive behavior observed in children and adolescents . CNS Spectr . 26. 5. 448–456 . March 2020 . 32228725 . 10.1017/S1092852920001224 . 214750205 . 2066/241059 . free .
3. Hjorth S, Waters S, Waters N, Tedroff J, Svensson P, Fagerberg A, Edling M, Svanberg B, Ljung E, Gunnergren J, McLean SL, Grayson B, Idris NF, Neill JC, Sonesson C . (3S)-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-3-methoxypyrrolidine (IRL752) -a Novel Cortical-Preferring Catecholamine Transmission- and Cognition-Promoting Agent . J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 374 . 3 . 404–419 . September 2020 . 32605972 . 10.1124/jpet.120.000037 . 10454/17970 . 220283184 . free .
4. Wilens TE, Morrison NR, Prince J . An update on the pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults . Expert Rev Neurother . 11 . 10 . 1443–65 . October 2011 . 21955201. 3229037 . 10.1586/ern.11.137 .
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