List of invasive species in Africa explained

Invasive species found in Africa include:

Plants

Acacia species (Australian wattles)^[1]
Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)
Caesalpinia decapetala (Mauritius thorn)
Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night cactus)
Chromolaena odorata (Triffid weed)
Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth)^[2]
Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus or gum trees)
Hakea spp.
Lantana camara
Melia azedarach (Persian lilac, chinaberry)^[3]
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrot's feather)
Opuntia spp. (Prickly pear)
Pereskia aculeata
Pinus spp. (Pine)^[4]
Prosopis spp. (Mesquite)
Ricinus communis (Castor oil plant)^[5]
Rubus spp. (Bramble)^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9]
Salvinia molesta (Kariba weed, giant salvinia)
Solanum mauritianum (Bugweed)

Tunicates

Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) ^[10]

Annelids

Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Australian tubeworm)
Boccardia proboscidea (shell worm) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/712-shell-worm-boccardia-proboscidea

Molluscs

Aplexa marmorata (marbled tadpole snail) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/559-slender-bladder-snail-aplexa-marmorata
Bradybaena similaris (Asian trampsnail)^[11]
Cochlicella barbara (potbellied helicellid)^[11]
Cornu aspersum (garden snail)
Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)
Deroceras laeve (marsh slug)^[11]
Euglandina rosea (rosy wolfsnail) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/23113
Limax flavus (yellow slug)^[11]
Milax gagates (greenhouse slug)^[11]
Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)^[12]
Pinctada radiata (Gulf pearl oyster) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/108219
Pseudosuccinea columella (mimic lymnaea) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/565-reticulate-pond-snail-lymnaea-columella
Semimytilus algosus (Pacific mussel) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/913-pacific-mussel-semimytilus-algosus
Tarebia granifera (quilted melania) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/567-quilted-malania-tarebia-granifera
Theba pisana (white garden snail)
Zonitoides arboreus (quick gloss)^[11]

Crustaceans

Carcinus maenas (European shore crab)
Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish)
Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109147
Percnon gibbesi (Sally Lightfoot crab)
Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/67878
Procambarus virginalis (Marbled crayfish)^[13]

Arachnids

Phalangium opilio

Insects

Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/558-asian-tiger-mosquito-aedes-albopictus
Aleurodicus dispersus (spiralling whitefly)
Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/4538
Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/112108
Anopheles stephensi https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231012/Invasive-mosquito-species-may-be-spreading-new-form-of-malaria-in-East-Africa.aspx
Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/783-crazy-ant-anoplolepis-gracilipes
Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6221
Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/18756
Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)
Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17685
Bactrocera invadens (Asian fruit fly)
Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17694
Bemisia tabaci (silverleaf whitefly)
Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/10680
Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/12367
Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/12378
Chionaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale insect) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/40120
Cinara cupressi (cypress aphid) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/802-cypress-aphid-cinara-cupressi
Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite)
Cosmopolites sordidus (banana root borer) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/805-banana-root-borer-cosmopolites-sordidus
Cryptotermes brevis (West Indian drywood termite)
Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16747
Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/9887
Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/23148
Euwallacea fornicatus (tea shot hole borer) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57163
Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/24426
Harmonia axyridis (Asian lady beetle) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/564-harlequin-lady-beetle-harmonia-axyridis
Hylastes ater (black pine bark beetle)
Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/27364
Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/28432
Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)
Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/30965
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (hibiscus mealybug)
Orthotomicus erosus (Mediterranean pine engraver) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/37954
Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/40173
Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109097
Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/41326
Polistes dominula (European paper wasp http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/42750
Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer)
Pseudococcus calceolariae (Citrophilus mealybug) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/893-citrophilus-mealybug-pseudococcus-calceoriae
Sirex noctilio (Sirex woodwasp)
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Technomyrmex albipes (white-footed ant)
Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109741
Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/54659
Trichomyrmex destructor (destructive trailing ant) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34581
Vespula germanica (European wasp)
Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant)
Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57038
Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57169
Xylosandrus compactus (black twig borer) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57234

Fish

Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/808-grass-carp-ctenopharyngodon-idella
Cyprinus carpio (common carp) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/446-common-carp-cyprinus-carpio https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/gazetted_notices/nemba10of2004_alienandinvasive_specieslists2016.pdf
Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/831-mosquitofish-gambusia-affinis
Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/82089
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/593-silver-carp-hypophthalmichthys-molitrix
Lates niloticus (Nile perch)
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/369-bluegill-sunfish-lepomis-macrochirus
Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/450-smallmouth-bass-micropterus-dolomieu
Micropterus floridanus (Florida bass) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/748-florida-bass-micropterus-floridanus
Micropterus punctulatus (spotted bass) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/749-spotted-bass-micropterus-punctulatus
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/750-largemouth-bass-micropterus-salmoides
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/754-nile-tilapia-oreochromis-niloticus
Perca fluviatilis (European perch) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/689-perch-perca-fluviatis
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (vermiculated sailfin catfish) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/696-vermiculated-sailfin-catfish-pterygoplichthys-disjunctivus
Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/700-atlantic-salmon-salmo-salar
Tinca tinca (tench) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/919-tench-tinca-tinca

Amphibians

Amietophrynus gutturalis (guttural toad) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/731-guttaral-toad-amietophrynus-gutturalis

Reptiles

Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/816-european-pond-turtle-emys-orbicularis
Gehyra mutilata (stump-tailed gecko) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/744-stump-tailed-gecko-gehyra-mutilata
Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko)^[14]
Lepidodactylus lugubris (mourning gecko) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/746-mourning-gecko-lepidodactylus-lugubris
Tarentola mauritanica (Moorish wall gecko) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/703-moorish-wall-gecko-tarentola-mauritanica
Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans (red-eared slider)^[14]

Birds

Acridotheres tristis (common myna)
Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
Columba livia (rock dove)
Corvus splendens (house crow) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/367-house-crow-corvus-splendens
Fringilla coelebs (common chaffinch) http://www.invasives.org.za/component/k2/item/743-chaffinch-fringilla-coelebs
Passer domesticus (house sparrow)
Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45158
Quelea quelea (red-billed quelea)
Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/51979
Tyto alba (western barn owl) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/55507

Mammals

Ammotragus lervia (Barbary sheep) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/94507
Canis lupus (feral dog)
Capra aegagrus (wild goat)
Dama dama (fallow deer)
Equus africanus (feral donkey)
Felis silvestris (feral cat)
Funambulus palmarum (three-striped palm squirrel)
Hemitragus jemlahicus (Himalayan tahr)
Herpestes javanicus (small Asian mongoose) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/80508
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Mus musculus (house mouse)
Myocastor coypus (coypu) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/73537
Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit)
Ovis orientalis (mouflon) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/71353
Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)
Rattus rattus (black rat)
Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew) http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/62382
Sus scrofa (wild boar)

Notes and References

http://www.arc.agric.za/home.asp?pid=2892 Invasive plant species
News: Hussein . Walaa . September 7, 2016 . How this invasive flower is taking over the Nile . Al-Monitor . CAIRO .
http://www.invasive.org/weedcd/pdfs/tncweeds/meliaze.pdf Element Stewardship Abstract for Melia azedarach
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac846e/ac846e09.htm Pinus patula in South Africa
http://www.arc.agric.za/home.asp?pid=1031 Legislation on weeds and invasive plants in South Africa
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution.asp?si=994&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN Rubus discolor alien range
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution.asp?si=476&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN Rubus moluccanus alien range
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution.asp?si=1232&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN Rubus niveus alien range
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution.asp?si=500&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN Rubus rosifolius alien range
http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1127&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN Ciona intestinalis (tunicate).
Book: Herbert, David G . 2010 . The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. Pretoria . South African National Biodiversity Institute . 978-1-919976-56-3.
http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=&rn=south+africa&hci=-1&ei=154&lang=EN&x=11&y=11 South Africa: Molluscs.
Julia P. G. Jones . Jeanne R. Rasamy . Andrew Harvey . Alicia Toon . Birgit Oidtmann . Michele H. Randrianarison . Noromalala Raminosoa . Olga R. Ravoahangimalala . 2008 . The perfect invader: a parthenogenic crayfish poses a new threat to Madagascar’s freshwater biodiversity . . 11 . 6 . 1475–1482 . 10.1007/s10530-008-9334-y.
http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=&rn=south+africa&hci=-1&ei=164&lang=EN&x=4&y=18 South Africa: Reptiles.