Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. It is situated in the middle of the Indian Ocean. This is a partial list of fish species introduced to Sri Lanka.
Since Sri Lanka was ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. At various junctures, these nations introduced a number of exotic species, which included mammals, plants, birds, and fish. After Sri Lanka secured its independence, the introductions continued unabated, and the breeding of exotic aquarium fish for export became popular.
The deliberate and accidental introduction of exotic fish into Sri Lanka has led to serious ecological damage, as many of these species disrupt ecosystems, reducing the diversity of endemic fish to a degree that causes extinction. Invasive introduced exotic fish, such as the Sail-fin pleco, also cause economic damage by reducing the amount of local fish caught by fishermen while being of no or little economical value themselves. Most of the invasive exotic fish were originally brought for commercial purposes, mainly as aquarium fish and for food.
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests.
There are 24 introduced fish species which inhabit all freshwater, brackish water and marine waters.
Cyprinids are stomachless fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bighead carp | Hypophthalmichthys nobilis | ||||||
| Goldfish | Carassius auratus | ||||||
| Indian carp | Catla catla | ||||||
| Grass carp | Ctenopharyngodon idella | ||||||
| Common carp | Cyprinus carpio | ||||||
| Silver carp | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | ||||||
| Mrigal carp | Cirrhinus mrigala | ||||||
| Rohu | Labeo rohita |
All salmonids spawn in fresh water, but in many cases, the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce. This lifecycle is described as anadromous. They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainbow trout | Oncorhynchus mykiss | invasive |
They are extensively used for mosquito control, poeciliids can today be found in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mosquitofish | Gambusia affinis | ||||||
| Guppy | Poecilia reticulata | ||||||
| Green swordtail | Xiphophorus hellerii | ||||||
| Common platy | Xiphophorus maculatus |
Cichlids are popular freshwater fish kept in the home aquarium. Cichlids tend to be of medium size, ovate in shape, and slightly laterally compressed, and generally similar to the North American sunfishes in morphology, behavior, and ecology.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Redbreast tilapia | Coptodon rendalli | ||||||
| African jewelfish | Hemichromis bimaculatus | ||||||
| Nile tilapia | Oreochromis niloticus | ||||||
| Mossambique tilapia | Oreochromis mossambicus | ||||||
| Wami tilapia | Oreochromis urolepis | ||||||
| Redbelly tilapia | Tilapia zillii |
Many gouramis have an elongated, feeler-like ray at the front of each of their pelvic fins. Many species show parental care: some are mouthbrooders.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snakeskin gourami | Trichopodus pectoralis | ||||||
| Three spot gourami | Trichopodus trichopterus | ||||||
| Giant gourami | Osphronemus goramy |
Single species is known. The kissing gourami is a popular aquarium fish.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kissing gourami | Helostoma temminckii |
These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. They are popular as aquarium fish.
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sail-fin pleco | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus |
Known as knifefish or featherbacks, have slender, elongated, bodies, giving them a knife-like appearance. The caudal fin is small and fused with the anal fin, which runs most of the length of the body. Where present, the dorsal fin is small and narrow, giving rise to the common name of "featherback".
| width=20% | Name | width=20% | Binomial | width=20% | Status | width=20% | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clown knifefish | Chitala ornata | invasive |