List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev explained

This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Summary of visits

1985

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1985:

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Paris	2–5 October^[1]	Met with President François Mitterrand.
	The Hague	2 November	^[2]
Switzerland	Geneva	19–21 November	See Geneva Summit (1985)
	Sofia	8 December	Warsaw Pact summit^[3]

1986

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1986:

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
		17–21 April	11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany^[4] ^[5]
	Budapest	8-12 June	State visit and Warsaw Pact summit.^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10]
	Warsaw	29 June – 3 July	State visit^[11]
	Reykjavík	11–12 October	See Reykjavík Summit^[12]
	Vienna	October	Working visit^[13]
India	New Delhi	25–28 November	^[14] ^[15] ^[16] ^[17] ^[18]

1987

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1987:

width=120	Country	width=100	Cities visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Prague Bratislava	9–12 April	State visit.^[19] It was postponed for four days due to Gorbachev having a "cold".^[20] ^[21] This also caused him to end his trip a day early so he could get a some rest before meeting with Secretary James Baker of the US the following week.^[22]
France	Paris	May	State visit
Romania	Bucharest	25–28 May	^[23] ^[24] ^[25] ^[26]
United Kingdom	RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire	7 December	En route to Washington, D.C.
United States	Washington, D.C.	7–10 December	Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit (1987).^[27]

1988

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1988:

width=120	Country	width=100	Locations visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Belgrade Dubrovnik^[28] Brdo pri Kranju^[29]	14-19 March	State visit.^[30] ^[31] ^[32]
	Warsaw Kraków Szczecin	11–17 July	State visit^[33] and Warsaw Pact summit^[34] ^[35] ^[36] ^[37]
India	New Delhi	17–21 November	^[38] ^[39]
	New York City	7–8 December	Gorbachev left the Warsaw Pact Summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day.^[40] See Governors Island Summit.

1989

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1989:

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Shannon, County Clare	2 April	Stopover visit en route to Cuba. Met with Taoiseach Charles Haughey and Tánaiste Brian Lenihan Snr at Shannon Airport.^[41] ^[42]
	Havana	2–5 April	State visit^[43] ^[44] ^[45] ^[46] ^[47]
	London	6–8 April	He was also received at Heathrow Airport by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with full military honors provided by the Queen's Colour Squadron.^[48] He was also received with full military honors from the Coldstream Guards at Windsor Castle with Queen Elizabeth II.
	Beijing	15–18 May	See 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit^[49] ^[50] ^[51]
	Bonn	12–16 June	^[52]
France	Paris Strasbourg	4–6 July	^[53] ^[54] ^[55] ^[56] ^[57] ^[58]
		6–7 October	Attended the GDR's ruby jubilee military parade and celebrations.^[59] ^[60] ^[61]
	Helsinki Oulu	25–27 October	State visit. Met with President Mauno Koivisto and Prime Minister Harri Holkeri^[62] ^[63] ^[64]
	Vatican City	29 November	Met with Pope John Paul II.^[65]
Italy	Rome	29 November – 1 December^[66]	State Visit^[67] ^[68] ^[69] ^[70]
	Birżebbuġa (Maksim Gorkiy)	1–3 December	See Malta Summit^[71] ^[72]

1990

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1990:

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Ottawa	29–30 May	He visited on a 36-hour stopover to Washington, in which he was received by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, with the latter welcoming him with full honors at the airport by the RCMP.^[73] ^[74] ^[75] ^[76] ^[77] ^[78]
	Washington Camp David	30 May – 3 June	Signed the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord. See Washington Summit
	Helsinki	9 September	Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with U.S. President George H.W. Bush.^[79] ^[80] ^[81] See Helsinki Summit
France	Paris	19 November	Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

1991

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1991:

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
	Tokyo	15–19 April	^[82] ^[83] ^[84]
	Seoul	19 April	^[85]
	Oslo	4–5 June	Nobel Peace Prize acceptance^[86]
	Stockholm	6 June	Working visit. met with Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson and Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello.^[87]
	London	17 July	He attended the 17th G7 summit at the invitation of Prime Minister John Major.
		29–30 October	See Madrid Conference of 1991

Cancelled visits

width=120	Country	width=100	Areas to be visited	width=90	Date(s)	Details
		1987	^[88] ^[89]
		1987	^[90]
		1988
	Oslo	10 December 1990	Was supposed to accept the Nobel Peace Prize^[91] ^[92]

See also

• List of Soviet Union–United States summits
• List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin
• List of international presidential trips made by Boris Yeltsin
• List of international presidential trips made by Dmitry Medvedev

References

Works cited

• Book: Doder . Dusko . Branson . Louise . 1990 . Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin . London . Futura . 978-0-70884940-8.
• Book: McCauley, Martin . 1998 . Gorbachev . registration . Profiles in Power . London and New York . Longman . 978-0-58221597-9.
• Book: Medvedev, Zhores . 1986 . Gorbachev . Oxford . Basil Blackwell . 978-0-39302308-4.
• Book: Taubman, William . 2017 . William Taubman . Gorbachev: His Life and Times . New York City . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-47114796-8.

External links

• Gorbaciov in Romania - Mapa Speciala - OMUL SI TIMPUL
• A full TV report covering the Chinese visit on Vremya  - 15 May 1989
• Gorbachev visits East Berlin, 17 April 1986
• Mikhail S. Gorbachev's official visit to the UK
• Mikhail Gorbachev in Ireland 1989
• Bush & Gorbachev Malta Summit 1989
• Soviet Union visit Cuba (1989) Anthems
• Soviet Union visit Bulgaria 1985 - Anthems
• President Reagan's Remarks at Arrival Ceremony for Mikhail Gorbachev on 8 December 1987
• Soviet President Arrival Ceremony

Notes and References

1. Web site: Gorbachev arrives in Paris Wednesday.
2. Web site: Gorbachev tried to delay deployment decision with Dutch Missiles. Associated Press.
3. News: Going Back: Bulgaria, 20 Years Later. The New York Times. 1985-12-08. Binder. David.
4. Web site: Gorbachev visits East Berlin, April 17, 1986. 2017-05-26.
5. News: East Germany: How Much Leeway?. The New York Times. 1986-04-22. Markham. James M..
6. Web site: Soviet's leader Mikhail Gorbachev, his wife Raisa Gorbacheva and. 7 January 2019 .
7. Web site: Television Announces Gorbachev To Visit Hungary. AP NEWS. 2019-11-28.
8. Web site: Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev left for Budapest Sunday to.... UPI. en. 2019-11-28.
9. News: Gorbachev Offers an a-Plant Pact. Kaufman. Michael T.. 1986-06-10. The New York Times. 2019-11-28. Times. Special To the New York. en-US. 0362-4331.
10. News: Gorbachev and Kadar Meet 4 1/2 Hours, Focus on Economy. Diehl. Jackson. 1986-06-09. Washington Post. 2019-11-28. en-US. 0190-8286.
11. News: AROUND THE WORLD; Gorbachev Said to Plan Trip to Polish Congress. The New York Times. 1986-06-29.
12. Web site: The Reykjavik Summit . The Reagan Vision . 15 September 2014.
13. Book: История России в новейшее время 1985-2009 гг. Учебник. 9785392011537. 2017-06-23. Издательство "Проспект".
14. Web site: India's Cheers Greet Gorbachev. Chicago Tribune.
15. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-10-17-mn-5638-story.html%3F_amp%3Dtrue&ved=2ahUKEwj-_NHo6Y3mAhWD_J4KHc5vDHAQFjAJegQIBhAJ&usg=AOvVaw3SXQQRQiXkjvSEc_ZTcQkR&ampcf=1 Los Angeles Times
16. Web site: Surprises on Gorbachev's India trip. Soviet leader concentrates on nation rather than region - CSMonitor.com. The Christian Science Monitor.
17. Web site: India rolls out red carpet for Gorbachev. Visit seen as turning point in strengthening Indo-Soviet ties - CSMonitor.com. The Christian Science Monitor.
18. Web site: Gorbachev visit to India announced.
19. Web site: Gorbachev visit stirs up Czechoslovakia. Once again, people are talking openly of politics - CSMonitor.com. The Christian Science Monitor.
20. Web site: Report Gorbachev at odds with Czech leaders.
21. News: Gorbachev Puts off His Journey to Czechoslovakia. The New York Times. 1987-04-06. Kaufman. Michael T..
22. Web site: Gorbachev Cuts Czechoslovakia Visit Short, Leaves on up Note. Chicago Tribune. 12 April 1987.
23. Web site: Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev travels Monday to Romania, one.
24. Web site: Romania Cool Toward Gorbachev's First Visit. Associated Press.
25. Web site: Romania Gives Gorbachev Speech Chilly Response.
26. Book: https://books.openedition.org/ceup/2779?lang=en . 9786155211881. Masterpieces of History : The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989. 253–254. Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987. Central European University Press. 2018-09-19. National Security Archive Cold War Readers.
27. Web site: Gorbachev becomes first Soviet leader to officially visit the U.S. Since 1973.
28. 18 March 1988 . Gorbačov u Dubrovniku . Slobodna Dalmacija . 13403 . 1.
29. 18 March 1988 . Susret s Popitom i Kučanom . Slobodna Dalmacija . 13403 . 1.
30. Web site: Gorbachev Visits Yugoslavia. AP NEWS. 2019-11-28.
31. Web site: Gorbachev Praises Yugoslav System as Model for Modernizing Soviet Economy. Los Angeles Times. 1988-03-18.
32. News: Tepid Times for Gorbachev in a Thriving Yugoslav City. The New York Times. 1988-03-18. Tagliabue. John.
33. Web site: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Report. 1993.
34. Web site: Gorbachev Brings Message of Perestroika to Poland. Associated Press.
35. Gorbachev in Poland: A study in contrasts. Polish leader doesn't share his enthusiasm for rapid change. Christian Science Monitor. 1988-07-15.
36. Web site: Warsaw Pact Summit Begins. Chicago Tribune. 16 July 1988.
37. News: Gorbachev in Warsaw Pact Meeting. The New York Times. 1988-07-16. Tagliabue. John.
38. Web site: Gorbachev leaves for India visit.
39. News: Gorbachev in India to Reaffirm Ties. The New York Times. 1988-11-19. Crossette. Barbara.
40. Web site: Travels of President George H. W. Bush . U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian . https://web.archive.org/web/20111109044558/http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/bush-george-h-w . 2011-11-09 . dead .
41. Web site: Taoiseach's Meetings with President Bush and Chairman Gorbachev: Statements. – Dáil Éireann (25th Dáil) – Thursday, 13 Apr 1989 – Houses of the Oireachtas. 1989-04-13.
42. News: US dismissive about summit between Haughey and Gorbachev. .
43. Web site: 500,000 Cubans Cheer Gorbachev's Arrival : Castro Embraces Soviet President at Havana's Airport with No Sign of Tension over Policies. Los Angeles Times. 1989-04-03.
44. News: Gorbachev Begins His Visit to Cuba with Castro's Hug. The New York Times. 1989-04-03. Keller. Bill.
45. News: Gorbachev Signs Treaty with Cuba. The New York Times. 1989-04-05. Keller. Bill.
46. Book: Pavlov, Yuri A.. Soviet-Cuban Alliance 1959-1991. 1994. Transaction Publishers. New Brunswick, NJ. 139. Movement in Opposite Directions.
47. Web site: "Фидель смотрел с презрением": как Горбачев предал Кубу. 2 April 2019 .
48. Web site: Gorbachev Arrives in London for 2-Day Visit. Los Angeles Times. 1989-04-06.
49. News: Gorbachev Visits Beijing for Start of Summit Talks. The New York Times. 1989-05-15. Keller. Bill.
50. Garver. John. December 1989. The "New Type" of Sino-Soviet Relations. 2644761. Asian Survey. 29. 12. 1136–1152. 10.2307/2644761.
51. Book: Vamos, Peter. China Learns From the Soviet Union. Lexington Books. 2010. 978-0-7391-4224-0. 95.
52. Web site: Record of the First Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and FRG President Richard von Weizsäcker | Making the History of 1989.
53. Web site: Discussion between Gorbachev and about Romania, July 1989 | Making the History of 1989.
54. Web site: Gorbachev compares French Revolution with perestroika. UPI. en. 2019-11-28.
55. News: Excerpts From Speech By Gorbachev in France . 1989-07-07 . New York Times . 2019-11-28.
56. News: James M. Markham . Gorbachev likens Soviets to French . 1989-07-05 . New York Times . 2019-11-28.
57. Parliamentary Assembly. Forty-first ordinary session. 8-12 May and 3-7 July . I. Sittings 1 to 9 . 1990 . Strasbourg . Council of Europe . Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev . 197–205 . https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2002/9/20/4c021687-98f9-4727-9e8b-836e0bc1f6fb/publishable_en.pdf.
58. Web site: История Перестройки. 4-6 июля 1989 года состоялся официальный визит М.С. Горбачева во Францию.
59. News: Gorbachev Lends Honecker a Hand. The New York Times. 1989-10-07. Schmemann. Serge.
60. Web site: 'Don't Panic,' Gorbachev Tells East Germans. Los Angeles Times. 1989-10-07.
61. Book: Koivisto, Mauno. Witness to History: The Memoirs of Mauno Koisvisto President of Finland, 1982-1994. 1997. SIU Press. 978-0-8093-2045-5. en.
62. Web site: Gorbachev Begins Visit to Finland : Hopes for Helsinki's Help in Bolstering Soviet Economy. Los Angeles Times. 1989-10-25.
63. News: Gorbachev, in Finland, Disavows Any Right of Regional Intervention. The New York Times. 1989-10-26. Keller. Bill.
64. Web site: 27 October 2020. Gorba-huumaa ja kuuluisa kännykkäpuhelu. 27 October 2020. Yle Elävä Arkisto.
65. Web site: Gorbachev in Italy for Meeting with Pope. 29 November 1989 .
66. Book: Визиты М.С. Горбачева в Италию и Ватикан: 29 ноября-1 декабря 1989 года : документы и материалы. January 1990. Изд-во полит. лит-ры. 9785250013666.
67. 45132560. Gorbachev's state visit to Italy and the Vatican. Italian Politics. 5. 126–137. Urban. Joan Barth. 1991.
68. News: Clamor in the East; Gorbachev, Visiting Italy, Urges Talks on Naval Arms. Haberman. Clyde. 1989-11-30. The New York Times. 2019-11-28. Times. Special To the New York. en-US. 0362-4331.
69. Web site: Gorbachev faces hard-working visit to Italy. UPI. en. 2019-11-28.
70. Web site: Enthusiasm High for Gorbachev's Visit to Italy : Diplomacy: He will sign 15 bilateral agreements. Rome officials also seek expanded trade and investment. Los Angeles Times. 1989-11-26.
71. News: THE MALTA SUMMIT: Reporter's Notebook; Superpowers Cooperating, But Not Seas. Maureen Dowd . 3 December 1989. 16 May 2017. The New York Times.
72. Web site: THE MALTA SUMMIT : Italy to Greet Gorbachev in Grand Style. Los Angeles Times. 1989-11-29.
73. News: GORBACHEV'S CANADA STOPOVER STIRS MEMORIES OF FERTILE '83 VISIT. Claiborne. William. 1990-05-29. Washington Post. 2019-11-25. en-US. 0190-8286.
74. Web site: Gorbachev Will Stop in Canada Before Summit. 1990-05-16. Los Angeles Times. en-US. 2019-11-25.
75. News: Toward the Summit; Problems Back in Moscow Greet Gorbachev in Canada. Burns. John F.. 1990-05-30. The New York Times. 2019-11-25. Times. Special To the New York. en-US. 0362-4331.
76. Web site: Flashback Friday: Gorbachev visits Canada ahead of U.S.-Soviet weapons deal. 2015-05-29. CTVNews. en. 2019-11-25.
77. Web site: Gorbachev to visit Canada.
78. Web site: Gorbachev gets to relax in Canada before summit.
79. Web site: Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990 . The American Presidency Project . https://web.archive.org/web/20121002045047/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=18810 . 2 October 2012 . live .
80. Web site: Even in Finland, nationalists haunt Gorbachev: Karelians want homeland Leaflet on territory turns up at summit.
81. Web site: Film Mikhail Gorbachev's visit to Finland. (1990).
82. News: Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan. The New York Times. 1991-04-16. Weisman. Steven R..
83. Web site: Gorbachev in Japan Seeking Aid. Chicago Tribune.
84. Gorbachev Raises Hopes in Japan. Christian Science Monitor. 1991-04-10.
85. Web site: Gorbachev's foreign policy toward the two Koreas, 1985-1991: Power and the new political thinking. Joo. Seung-Ho. 1993.
86. News: Gorbachev, in Oslo, Links World Peace to Perestroika. The New York Times. 1991-06-06. Schmidt. William E..
87. Web site: Gorbachev holds talks with Swedish government.
88. Web site: Gorbachev to visit Mexico next year.
89. Web site: Gorbachev to Visit.
90. Web site: Gorbachev first Soviet leader to visit Greece.
91. Web site: Gorbachev drops Nobel trip to deal with Soviet crisis.
92. News: EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Nobel Panel Rejects Request by Gorbachev for New Date. The New York Times. 1990-11-29.