This is a list of instruments used in ophthalmology.[1]
A complete list of ophthalmic instruments can be found below:
| Instrument | Uses | |
|---|---|---|
| to mark 0 to 180 degree reference mark for Toric IOL implant | ||
| to chop lens into pieces before implantation new lens and reduce phaco time | ||
| Spectacles (glasses) | to correct refractive errors of the eye; not invasive | |
| to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive | ||
| used in refraction testing | ||
| used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. | ||
| Speculum: | to keep the eyes open during any operation | |
| -do-; heavy instrument and can not keep eyelashes out of the operating field | ||
| •Guarded eye speculum (left and right) | -do-; heavy instrument but can keep eyelashes out of the operating field with its "guard" and hence left or right ones are required | |
| •Wire Speculum | to keep the eyes open during any operation; light wire instrument | |
| Needle holders: | holding the needle in position while applying sutures | |
| •Silcock's needle holder | -do-; has a catch and is used for heavier gauge needles; used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions | |
| •Arruga's needle holder | -do-; has a catch (lock) and is used for heavier gauge needles (thicker than 6–0); used mainly for skin, muscle and corneal incisions | |
| •Barraquer's needle holder | -do-; small instrument with a spring action with or without a catch used for finer gauge needles (5-0 or finer); used mainly for intraoccular incisions | |
| Forceps | to hold anything | |
| •Artery forceps (haemostat) | medium-sized, with a serrated tip and a catch; used to hold bleeding vessels and compress them in order to make them stop bleeding and also to hold or crush structures. | |
| •Fixation forceps | has a few teeth at the tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs | |
| •Plain dissecting forceps | blunt untoothed with a serrated tip; for holding structures and restricting their movement or to hold small swabs | |
| •Iris forceps | fine tipped (straight or otherwise) with small teeth; to hold the iris tissue during procedures | |
| •Elschnig's intracapsular forceps | fine untoothed forceps for holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery | |
| •Arruga's intracapsular forceps | fine untoothed forceps holding tissue, swabs, sutures, etc.; removing things like clots, capsule fragments, lens, etc.; used in cataract surgery | |
| •Colibri forceps | fine toothed forceps for holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris | |
| •Saint Martin's forceps | holding flaps of cornea or sclera and rarely the iris | |
| •Superior rectus holding forceps | specially curved (to fit into the orbit of the eye) forceps for catching hold of the muscle bellies of the intraorbital muscles and sutures | |
| •Suture tier forceps | fine limbed untoothed forceps to hold fine sutures or hairs | |
| •Capsulotomy forceps | to tear the anterior capsule of the lens during cataract surgery | |
| •Disc holding forceps | used in glaucoma surgery (obsolete) | |
| •Capsulorhexis forceps | fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps for doing a continuous curvilinear incision and removal of the anterior capsule of the lens ("continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis - ccc") | |
| •MacPherson's forceps | fine sharp-tipped untoothed forceps with an angulation for holding parts of the lens, the intraocular lens, 10-0 (very fine) sutures, etc. | |
| •Chalazion forceps (clamp) | self-retaining with discoid ends; used to hold and prevent a chalazion from bleeding during its surgery | |
| used to perform microincisions on the cornea in the Radial keratotomy and Mini Asymmetric Radial Keratotomy (M.A.R.K.) | ||
| •Epilation forceps (Cilia forceps) | stout flat-ended blunt forceps with a thickened end to remove eyelashes | |
| •Entropion forceps | self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery | |
| Chalazion scoop | to remove the granulation tissue from a chalazion during surgery | |
| Entropion clamp | right and left varieties exist; large clamp with two limbs; self-retaining with big discoid ends used to hold and prevent an entropion from bleeding during its surgery | |
| Nettleship's punctum dilator | to dilate the lacrimal punctum of the lacrimal apparatus of the eye for syringing or operations | |
| Cystotome | a 26 gauge needle bent twice used for incising the anterior capsule of the lens in lens extraction | |
| Wire vectis | a loop of wire attached to a stack used to extract cataract affected lenses | |
| Irrigating vectis | a small hollow instrument with a used to introduce fluid into the anterior chamber to raise its pressure to aid cataract extraction [2] | |
| used to carry fluid | ||
| •Irrigation-aspiration two-way canula | effectively two small canulae fitted together, one to introduce fluid and the other to extract the cortical materials, blood, etc. in eye operations | |
| •Lacrimal canula | small curved canula the size of a syringe needle used to introduce fluids or drugs into the nasolacrimal passage to test its patency or during surgery (dacrocystography, dacrocystectomy, dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR), etc. | |
| Lang's lacrimal dissector with scoop | for blunt dissections and cleaning during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy | |
| dissection of lacrimal sac | ||
| to pull and hold overlying tissue out of the operating field | ||
| •Muller's self retaining adjustable haemostatic retractor | -do-; self retaining haemostatic | |
| •Cat's paw retractor | -do- | |
| •Desmarre's lid retractor | -do-; specially for noncooperative patients and to see the fornices (see human eye) | |
| Bone punch | to fracture pieces from a thin bone in facial surgery and during operations like dacryocystorhinostomy | |
| Evisceration spoon or scoop | removing all the contents of the eyeball during evisceration (complete removal of all structures within the eye in diseases like endophthalmitis | |
| Lid plate | flat large instrument that has a groove and is placed between the lid and globe of the eye to provide a solid support for eyelid surgery | |
| Hammer, chisel and bone gouge | bone cutting and shaping | |
| Bowmen's discission needle | microsurgery of the lens capsule[3] | |
| to cut structures | ||
| •Surgical scalpel with small blades | general purpose instrument | |
| •von Graefe's cataract knife | cutting out of the anterior chamber from the inside through the limbus | |
| •Tookes' knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery (SICS)" and keratoplasty | |
| •Crescent knife (Sclero-corneal splitter) | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery" | |
| •Angular keratome | making sclerocorneal tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery"; larger one used to increase the size of the incision | |
| •Side-port blade | making sclerocorneal "side port" (a secondary tunnel) tunnels in "small incision cataract surgery" | |
| •Beer's knife | incise the conjunctiva or the eyelid skin | |
| •Keratotome | small triangular blade with two sharp edges used to incise the limbus (sclerocorneal junction) | |
| •Zeigler's knife | very tiny knife for intaoccular maneuvers specially when space is less | |
| Scissors | - | |
| •Conjunctival sac scissors | flat small curved scissors to cut the conjunctive | |
| •Corneal spring scissors | medium spring-open used to cut the external side of the cornea, fine sutures; iris, etc. | |
| •de' Wecker's iris scissors | small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade. | |
| •Vannas' scissors | small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade. | |
| •Enucleation scissors | thick scissors used to cut the optic nerve in enucleation operation | |
| Bowman's lacrimal probe | probing the nasolacrimal duct | |
| Lens expressor | used to force out the lens in extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction | |
| McNamar's spoon | used to force out the lens in intracapsular cataract extraction | |
| Iris repositor | two limbed instrument used to remove the iris during posterior chamber maneuvers | |
| Sinsky's hook intraocular lens dialler | ||
| Strabismus hook | muscle hook or squint hook; sharp tip or knobbed tip; used in squint surgery | |
| Foreign body spud and needle | Spud to remove superficial and needle for the deep foreign bodies in the eye | |
| Elliot's trephine with handle | used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion | |
| Castroveijo's calipers | various measurements are taken | |
| Castroveijo's corneal trephine | used in corneal donation (eye donation) to cut out the cornea in a circular fashion | |
| Pin-hole | testing visual acuity | |
| Red green goggles | (red - right side & green - left side) used in Worth 4 dot test, diplopia testing | |
| to measure the degree of squints; in other instruments; refractive correction; etc. | ||
| Placido's disc | to assess the condition of the corneal surface | |
| objective determination of refractive error and for looking inside the eye | ||
| Loupe | used to search for magnified examination of the anterior segment of the eye (uniocular or binocular) | |
| Jackson's cross cylinder | used to check the power and axis of a cylindrical lens | |
| Maddox rod | used to test for latent squint and retinal function | |
| Refraction box | has lenses of different powers for refraction testing | |
| Slit lamp bio microscope | used for examining the anteriorly placed structures the eye; video link | |
| - | ||
| to determine visual acuity of distant vision | ||
| -do-; for those who can read in English | ||
| ••Regional language charts | -do-; for those who can read in their local language | |
| -do-; for those who can not read | ||
| -do-; for those who can not read | ||
| ••Toys pr picture chart | -do-; for children | |
| -do-; to determine visual acuity of near vision | ||
| ••Jager's chart | -do- | |
| ••Printer's types of N series | -do- | |
| ••Snellen's near chart (1/17th reduction of distant chart) | -do-; standard chart of alphabets; video link | |
| •Colour vision: | to test colour vision | |
| to determine the type of colour blindness | ||
| detection of axis of the cylindrical (astigmatism) power of the eye; glaucoma testing | ||
| - | ||
| prosthetic lenses implanted after lens (anatomy) removal | ||
| •Artificial eyes | as non-functional cosmetic implants into the eye socket | |
| Blade breaker | to break disposable blade after use to prevent reuse | |
| to coagulate blood vessels and prevent haemorrhage | ||
| to freeze and extract the lens | ||
| Yttrium aluminium garnet laser (YAG laser) | to correct posterior capsular opacification (specially after removal of a cataract, if required), peripheral iridotomy, retinal surgery, laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (LASEK)[4] etc. | |
| used for permanent hair removal | ||
| for electrosurgery | ||
| used for extraction of a cataract affected lens after emulsifying it using a high frequency (energy) ultrasound probe [5] |