List of individual body parts explained

This is a list of notable body parts of people. It includes specific, individual instances of organs and appendages which are famous in their own regard. Many noted body parts are of dubious provenance[1] and most were separated from their bodies post-mortem.

In some faiths, veneration of the dead may include the preservation of body parts as relics. Body parts supposed to belong to major religious figures are kept in temples, including the tooth of the Buddha, Muhammad's beard, and Jesus's foreskin. Preservation of body parts is particularly popular within the Roman Catholic Church, where the relics are often housed in reliquaries and lipsanothecae.[2]

In the West, a cult of relics emerged in the Middle Ages[3] and most body parts preserved prior to the Age of Enlightenment belonged to saints. Heart-burial (burying the heart separately from the body) was not uncommon for the elite in medieval Europe. In the 19th century, the pseudoscience of phrenology led to an increased interest in heads and skulls. As preservation methods and the anatomical sciences developed, parts of scientists were increasingly preserved, especially brains.[4]

Body parts removed from people have been used for research or put on display in museums and churches. Noted body parts include the lost limbs of soldiers, such as Lord Uxbridge's leg or Stonewall Jackson's arm, as well as the heads and brains of criminals.

Table of body parts

This list excludes fossils, archaeological discoveries, and body parts of living people.

Notes and References

  1. News: In Pictures: Dead Celebrities' Body Parts . Forbes . 27 October 2008 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082038/https://www.forbes.com/2008/10/27/celebrity-body-parts-biz-media-deadcelebs08_cx_tp_1027parts_slide.html?sh=163440d433bf . live .
  2. News: Tribe . Shawn . Other Anthropomorphic Forms of Reliquaries . Liturgical Arts Journal . 5 May 2021 . 30 May 2024 . 28 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228022607/https://www.liturgicalartsjournal.com/2021/05/other-anthropomorphic-forms-of.html . live .
  3. Bynum . Caroline Walker . Gerson . Paula . Body-Part Reliquaries and Body Parts in the Middle Ages . Gesta . January 1997 . 36 . 1 . 3–7 . 10.2307/767274. 767274 .
  4. Book: Beretta . Marco . Conforti . Maria . Mazzarello . Paolo . Savant Relics: Brains and Remains of Scientists . 2016 . Science History Publications . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090706/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312213021_Savant_Relics_Brains_and_Remains_of_Scientists . live .
  5. Book: Pascoal . Sara Cerqueira . Tallone . Laura . Furtado . Marco . Dark Heritage Tourism in the Iberian Peninsula: Memories of Tragedy and Death . 2023 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . 978-1-5275-0097-6 . 296 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081957/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/Dark_Heritage_Tourism_in_the_Iberian_Pen/j6C5EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22diogo%20alves%22%20head&pg=PA296&printsec=frontcover . live .
  6. News: When Anthony spoke again . 21 March 2015 . Messenger of Saint Anthony . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124205/http://www.messengersaintanthony.com/messaggero/pagina_articolo.asp?IDX=3IDRX%3D1 . 2 April 2015 .
  7. News: Sosa . Michele Gama . Famous Historical Figures Whose Body Parts Went Missing After Death . Grunge . 28 December 2022 . 30 May 2024 . 25 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225123910/https://www.grunge.com/1150416/famous-historical-figures-whose-body-parts-went-missing/ . live .
  8. News: Traverso . V. M. . The arm-shaped reliquary of St. Thomas Aquinas, explained . Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture . 21 May 2018 . en . 30 May 2024 . 3 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603112225/https://aleteia.org/2018/05/21/the-arm-shaped-reliquary-of-st-thomas-aquinas-explained/ . live .
  9. News: A Description of the Brain of Mr. Charles Babbage (1909) . 23 April 2024 . The Public Domain Review . en . 25 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225155817/https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/a-description-of-the-brain-of-mr-charles-babbage-1909 . live .
  10. Book: Lovejoy . Bess . Rest in Pieces: The Curious Fates of Famous Corpses . 2016 . Duckworth Books . 978-0-7156-4977-0 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081931/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ucq5DwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PT60&dq=beethoven%20bones&pg=PT59#v=onepage&q=beethoven%20bones&f=false . live .
  11. Book: Verstraete . Larry . Case Files: 40 Murders and Mysteries Solved by Science . 2011 . Scholastic Canada . 978-1-4431-0000-7 . 101, 103 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082022/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pAR327i2WhoC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA106&dq=beethoven%20bones&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
  12. News: 10 Weird Preserved Body Parts Of Famous People In History . History Daily . 29 April 2016 . en . 30 May 2024 . 3 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231203035610/https://historydaily.org/preserved-body-parts-of-historic-figures . live .
  13. News: Kolata . Gina . Locks of Beethoven’s Hair Offer New Clues to the Mystery of His Deafness . The New York Times . 6 May 2024.
  14. Begg . Tristan James Alexander . Schmidt . Axel . Kocher . Arthur . Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven . Current Biology . April 2023 . 33 . 8 . 1431–1447.e22 . 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.041. 10067/1974860151162165141 . free .
  15. News: Beethoven Dead From Lead? . Science . 28 August 2007.
  16. News: Why philosopher Jeremy Bentham's severed, stolen, and poorly preserved head is back on display . CBC Radio . 3 October 2017 . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090639/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4320308/why-philosopher-jeremy-bentham-s-severed-stolen-and-poorly-preserved-head-is-back-on-display-1.4320319 . live .
  17. Book: De Costa . Caroline . The Diva and Doctor God: Letters from Sarah Bernhardt to Doctor Samuel Pozzi . 2010 . Xlibris Corporation . 978-1-4535-8314-2 . 228–233 . https://books.google.com/books?id=WL8HToLONf4C&dq=sarah+bernhardt+%22leg%22&pg=PA228 . en . Sarahs' missing leg . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082033/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WL8HToLONf4C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA228&dq=sarah%20bernhardt%20%22leg%22&pg=PA228#v=onepage&q=sarah%20bernhardt%20%22leg%22&f=false . live .
  18. de Costa . Caroline . Miller . Francesca . Sarah Bernhardt's missing leg . The Lancet . July 2009 . 374 . 9686 . 284–285 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61353-2 . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082037/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673609613532/fulltext . live .
  19. Michael Enright and Frank Shoofey (26 December 1974), Radio interview on the recovery of brother Andre's heart from CBC archives, audio clip from the archives of CBC Radio. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  20. News: Briggs . Stacia . Connor . Siofra . Weird Suffolk: Is poor Anne Boleyn's heart buried in a Suffolk or Norfolk church? . East Anglian Daily Times . 23 November 2019 . en . 30 May 2024 . 1 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230401200825/https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/21409991.weird-suffolk-poor-anne-boleyns-heart-buried-suffolk-norfolk-church/ . live .
  21. News: Defalco . Daniel . The Suffolk church where the heart of Anne Boleyn may have been buried . Suffolk Live . 2 April 2023 . en . 30 May 2024 . 7 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207121616/https://www.suffolklive.com/news/history/suffolk-church-heart-anne-boleyn-8301726 . live .
  22. Shay . Christopher . Top 10 Famous Stolen Body Parts . Time . 10 May 2011 . 30 May 2024 . 8 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231208165123/https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1988719,00.html . live .
  23. Web site: Leonard . Patrick . Birthplace of St. Bonaventure celebrates his feast day . EWTN Norge . 15 July 2023 . 30 May 2024 . 5 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231005024411/https://www.ewtn.no/photos-birthplace-of-st-bonaventure-celebrates-his-feast-day/ . live .
  24. Book: Laurence Costelloe . Longmans, Green & Company . 1911 . Saint Bonaventure: The Seraphic Doctor, Minister-general of the Franciscan Order, Cardinal Bishop of Albano. 54 .
  25. News: Popham . Peter . Bring us the head of King Badu Bonsu, said Ghana  - and the Dutch . The Independent . 24 July 2009 . en . 30 May 2024 . 15 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200215131705/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/bring-us-the-head-of-king-badu-bonsu-said-ghana-ndash-and-the-dutch-said-yes-1760710.html . live .
  26. News: Badu Bonsu II; the King whose head was preserved in a jar in a laboratory . GhanaWeb . 25 January 2020 . en . 30 May 2024 . 15 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200215131700/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Badu-Bonsu-II-the-King-whose-head-was-preserved-in-a-jar-in-a-laboratory-847618 . live .
  27. News: Colimore . Edward . Booth mystery must remain so – for now . The Philadelphia Inquirer . 30 March 2013 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530082034/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/20130330_Booth_mystery_must_remain_so_-_for_now.html . live .
  28. News: Outliers: Bones of contention key to John Wilkes Booth mystery . Modern Healthcare . 17 August 2013 . 30 May 2024 . 29 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061601/https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130817/MAGAZINE/308179967/outliers-bones-of-contention-key-to-john-wilkes-booth-mystery . live .
  29. Wright . James R . Broca's legacy: fame not shame . Brain . 30 June 2022 . 145 . 6 . e59–e60 . 10.1093/brain/awac131 . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090743/https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/6/e59/6564138?login=false . live .
  30. Book: Sagan . Carl . Broca's Brain . 1979 . 0-394-50169-1 . 28.
  31. Cheng . Feng-Chou . Chiang . Chun-Pin . The tooth relic of the Buddha: The viewpoint from paleodontology and modern dentistry . Journal of Dental Sciences . January 2024 . 19 . 1 . 729–731 . 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.017 . 38303805 . 10829713 .
  32. Book: Quigley . Christine . The Corpse: A History . 2015 . McFarland . 978-1-4766-1377-2 . 295 . en . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530090642/https://www.google.com.ar/books/edition/The_Corpse/pSjTAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22william%20burke%22%20skin&pg=PA295&printsec=frontcover . live .
  33. Web site: The relics of St Catherine – Visit Siena Official . Municipality of Siena . 23 June 2022 . 30 May 2024 . 2 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231202051426/https://visitsienaofficial.it/en/the-relics-of-st-catherine/ . live .
  34. Ross . Alex . Alex Ross (music critic) . Chopin's Heart . . 5 February 2014 . 27 December 2023 . 3 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230103065624/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/chopins-heart . live .
  35. Book: Pettyn . Andrzej . Chopin w Milanówku: Rok Chopinowski 2010 . 2010 . Arkuszowa Drukarnia Offsetowa . Grodzisk Maz . 978-83-926807-8-9 . pl . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083458/http://milanowek.home.pl/pliki/2154/andrzej_pettyn_chopin.pdf . live .
  36. Web site: McNaughton . Alaina . Dissecting Harriet Cole: Uncovering Women's History in the Archives . Drexel University . en . 20 November 2018 . 30 May 2024 . 24 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924095427/https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2018/november/dissecting-harriet-cole-uncovering-womens-history-in-the-archives/ . live .
  37. Web site: The Nervous System of 'Harriet Cole' . Atlas Obscura . en . March 6, 2018 . 30 May 2024 . 2 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230402112943/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-nervous-system-of-harriet-cole-philadelphia-pennsylvania . live .
  38. News: Smyth . David . Is That Really Oliver Cromwell's Head? Well . . . . Los Angeles Times . 11 August 1996 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200811044751/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-11-mn-33204-story.html . 11 August 2020.
  39. Book: Fitzgibbons . Jonathan . Cromwell's head . 2008 . National Archives . Kew . 978-1-905615-38-4 . 96.
  40. Web site: The Ebey Family. 2010-05-12 . Island County Cemetery District #2 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726073242/https://www.sunnysidecemetery.org/history/ebey_family.html . 2011-07-26.
  41. News: Historian fails in scalp hunt . Whidbey News-Times . 24 May 2003 . 30 May 2024 . 9 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209123436/https://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/news/historian-fails-in-scalp-hunt/ . live .
  42. http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_128a.html "Is Thomas Edison's last breath preserved in a test tube in the Henry Ford Museum?"
  43. Palmer . William . Edison's Last Breath . Exquisite Corpse . 62 . 28 February 2024 . 1 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230901031403/http://www.corpse.org/archives/issue_1/palmer.html . live .
  44. Falk . Dean . Lepore . Frederick E. . Noe . Adrianne . The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary analysis of unpublished photographs . Brain . April 2013 . 136 . 4 . 1304–1327 . 10.1093/brain/aws295 . 23161163 . 3613708 .
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  46. Web site: See Albert Einstein's brain and other matters of medical history at Mutter Museum. Diane W. Stoneback, Of The Morning. Call. mcall.com. 2 February 2013. 30 May 2024. 8 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308004809/http://articles.mcall.com/2013-02-02/entertainment/mc-einstein-mutter-museum-philadelphia-0203-20130202_1_body-parts-display-chang-and-eng. live.
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  48. News: Top 10 World Famous Human Body Parts . Listverse . 2 December 2012 . 30 May 2024 . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530083453/https://listverse.com/2012/12/02/top-10-world-famous-human-body-parts/ . live .
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  50. News: Galileo's fingers to be displayed in Florence science museum . The Guardian . AP . 8 June 2010 . 6 May 2024 . 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240419172537/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jun/08/galileo-fingers-museum-florence . live .
  51. News: Markel . Howard . The dirty, painful death of President James A. Garfield . PBS NewsHour . 16 September 2016 . en-us . 30 May 2024 . 17 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240417214729/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dirty-painful-death-president-james-garfield . live .
  52. Weiner . Bradley K. . The Case Of James A. Garfield: A Historical Perspective . Spine . May 2003 . 28 . 10 . E183–E186 . 10.1097/01.BRS.0000062002.52586.04.
  53. News: Glass . Andrew . Garfield's spinal column placed on display for last time, May 21, 2000 . Politico . 21 May 2010 . en.
  54. News: Hendricks . Scotty . 4 geniuses whose brains were studied by science—and what they reveal . Big Think . 20 November 2017 . 30 May 2024 . 4 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404003004/https://bigthink.com/neuropsych/4-geniuses-who-have-had-their-brains-studied-by-science/ . live .
  55. Web site: Unravelling the true identity of the brain of Carl Friedrich Gauss . Max-Planck-Gesellschaft . en . 29 October 2013 . 30 May 2024 . 5 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231005033417/https://www.mpg.de/7589532/carl-friedrich-gauss-brain . live .
  56. News: Orson . Diane . Mystery Of The Bones: Geronimo's Missing Skull . NPR . 9 March 2009 . The skull of the worthy Geronimo the Terrible exhumed from its tomb at Fort Sill by your club and the Knight Haffner is now safe inside the Tomb, together with his well-worn femurs, bit and saddle horn. . 30 May 2024 . 25 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240125233420/https://www.npr.org/2009/03/09/101626709/mystery-of-the-bones-geronimos-missing-skull . live .
  57. News: Judge dismisses lawsuit against Yale's Skull and Bones over Geronimo's remains . The Seattle Times . 10 August 2010 . 30 May 2024 . 4 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231104002656/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-against-yales-skull-and-bones-over-geronimos-remains/ . live .
  58. News: Lacey . Marc . Che Guevara's hair among items sold for $100,000 . San Francisco Chronicle . 27 October 2007 . en.
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  60. News: Kornbluh . Peter . The Death of Che Guevara Declassified . The Nation . 10 October 2017 . 30 May 2024 . 24 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240124210114/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-death-of-che-guevara-declassified/ . live .
  61. News: Garza . Laura . Bolivian General Reveals Che Guevara's Burial Site . The Militant . 18 December 1995 . 30 May 2024 . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018024033/https://www.themilitant.com/1995/5947/5947_9.html . live .
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  66. News: For Sale: Beethoven's Skull . Keith . Thomson . 20 March 2010 . HuffPost . 26 January 2017 . 2 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202034340/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/keith-thomson/for-sale-beethovens-skull_b_427015.html . live .
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  78. News: Martinez . Ramona . The Curious Fate Of Stonewall Jackson's Arm . NPR . 28 June 2012 . 30 May 2024 . 12 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240512220323/https://www.npr.org/2012/06/28/155804965/the-curious-fate-of-stonewall-jacksons-arm . live .
  79. News: Brockhaus . Hannah . Blood of St. Januarius 'completely liquefied' on feast day . Catholic News Agency . 19 September 2023 . en . 30 May 2024 . 28 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228055555/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/255410/blood-of-st-januarius-completely-liquefied-on-feast-day . live .
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