List of hottest exoplanets explained

This is a list of the hottest exoplanets so far discovered, specifically those with temperatures greater than 2500K. For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of .

List

Methods for finding temperature:

Image(Or artistic representation)NameTemperature (K)MassMethod Notes
KELT-9bTeffHottest known exoplanet, with a temperature comparable to K-type stars.
55 Cancri e (Janssen)Hottest confirmed rocky exoplanet.
TOI-2109b
WASP-189b
TOI-1518b
WASP-103b
KELT-16b
WASP-12bThis planet is so close to its parent star that its tidal forces are distorting it into an egg shape.
WASP-33b
WASP-18b
MASCARA-1b
HATS-70bTeq
WASP-100b[1] Teff
HIP 78530 bLikely a brown dwarf.
MASCARA-5b[2]
WASP-76b (dayside)[3] In this tidally locked planet where winds move 18,000 km/h, molten iron rains from the sky due to daytime temperatures exceeding 2400C.[4] [5]
HAT-P-7b
GQ Lupi bLikely a brown dwarf.
TOI-2260 bTeq
CT Chamaelontis bTeffLikely a brown dwarf.
HAT-P-70bTeq
Kepler-13b (2277 °C)
The following well-known planets are listed for the purpose of comparison.
Kepler-10b [6] Teq
TrES-4b [7] One of the largest known exoplanets.
CoRoT-7b [8]
Upsilon Andromedae b (Saffar) [9] [10] Teff
WASP-17b (Ditsö̀) [11] With a density of about 0.08 g/cm3,[12] it is one of the puffiest exoplanets known.
HD 209458 b (Osiris) [13]
TrES-2b [14] TeqThe darkest exoplanet known, reflecting less than 1% its star's light.
Beta Pictoris b [15] [16] Teff
51 Pegasi b (Dimidium) TeqThe first exoplanet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star.
Kepler-20e [17] The first planet smaller than Earth discovered after PSR B1257+12 b.
Venus (for reference) [18] Hottest planet in the Solar System.

Unconfirmed candidates

These planet candidates have not been confirmed.

Image(Or artistic representation)NameTemperature (K)MassMethod
Kepler-70bTeq
Kepler-70c
Vega b[19]

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopedia: Catalogue of Exoplanets . . 2023-11-17 . Martin . Pierre-Yves . 1995 . en.
  2. News: April 27, 2021 . Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals . April 27, 2021 . CNET.
  3. Web site: March 17, 2020 . WASP 76b – A World with Iron Rain . January 3, 2024 . CosmoQuest.
  4. Ehrenreich . David . Lovis . Christophe . Allart . Romain . Osorio . María Rosa Zapatero . Pepe . Francesco . Cristiani . Stefano . Rebolo . Rafael . Santos . Nuno C. . Borsa . Francesco . Demangeon . Olivier . Dumusque . Xavier . Hernández . Jonay I. González . Casasayas-Barris . Núria . Ségransan . Damien . Sousa . Sérgio . 2020-04-30 . Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet . Nature . 580 . 7805 . 597–601 . 10.1038/s41586-020-2107-1 . 32161364 . 7212060 . 2003.05528 . 2020Natur.580..597E . 0028-0836.
  5. News: 2020-03-11 . Wasp-76b: The exotic inferno planet where it 'rains iron' . en-GB . 2023-12-11.
  6. Esteves . Lisa J. . De Mooij . Ernst J. W. . Jayawardhana . Ray . 2015-05-12 . Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres of Kepler Planets with High-Precision Photometry . The Astrophysical Journal . 804 . 2 . 150 . 1407.2245 . 2015ApJ...804..150E . 10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150 . 1538-4357 . 117798959.
  7. Daemgen . S. . Hormuth . F. . Brandner . W. . Bergfors . C. . Janson . M. . Hippler . S. . Henning . Th . May 2009 . Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 498 . 2 . 567–574 . 0902.2179 . 2009A&A...498..567D . 10.1051/0004-6361/200810988 . 0004-6361 . 9893376.
  8. Barros . S. C. C. . Almenara . J. M. . Deleuil . M. . Diaz . R. F. . Csizmadia . Sz. . Cabrera . J. . Chaintreuil . S. . Collier Cameron . A. . Hatzes . A. . Haywood . R. . Lanza . A. F. . Aigrain . S. . Alonso . R. . Bordé . P. . Bouchy . F. . 2014-09-01 . Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 569 . A74 . 1407.8099 . 2014A&A...569A..74B . 10.1051/0004-6361/201423939 . 0004-6361 . 59495602.
  9. Piskorz . Danielle . Benneke . Björn . Crockett . Nathan R. . Lockwood . Alexandra C. . Blake . Geoffrey A. . Barman . Travis S. . Bender . Chad F. . Carr . John S. . Johnson . John A. . 2017-08-01 . Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b . The Astronomical Journal . 154 . 2 . 78 . 1707.01534 . 2017AJ....154...78P . 10.3847/1538-3881/aa7dd8 . 1538-3881 . free.
  10. Harrington . J. . Hansen . B. . Luszcz . S. . Seager . S. . Deming . D. . Menou . K. . Cho . J. . Richardson . L. J. . 2006-10-27 . The phase-dependent Infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b . Science . 314 . 5799 . 623–626 . astro-ph/0610491 . 2006Sci...314..623H . 10.1126/science.1133904 . 0036-8075 . 17038587 . 20549014.
  11. Bonomo . A. S. . Desidera . S. . Benatti . S. . Borsa . F. . Crespi . S. . Damasso . M. . Lanza . A. F. . Sozzetti . A. . Lodato . G. . Marzari . F. . Boccato . C. . Claudi . R. U. . Cosentino . R. . Covino . E. . Gratton . R. . June 2017 . The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 602 . A107 . 1704.00373 . 2017A&A...602A.107B . 10.1051/0004-6361/201629882 . 0004-6361 . 118923163.
  12. Anderson . D. R. . Hellier . C. . Gillon . M. . Triaud . A. H. M. J. . Smalley . B. . Hebb . L. . Cameron . A. Collier . Maxted . P. F. L. . Queloz . D. . West . R. G. . Bentley . S. J. . Enoch . B. . Horne . K. . Lister . T. A. . Mayor . M. . 2010-01-20 . WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit . The Astrophysical Journal . 709 . 1 . 159–167 . 10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159 . 0908.1553 . 2010ApJ...709..159A . 53628741 . 0004-637X.
  13. Zellem . Robert T. . Lewis . Nikole K. . Knutson . Heather A. . Griffith . Caitlin A. . Showman . Adam P. . Fortney . Jonathan J. . Cowan . Nicolas B. . Agol . Eric . Burrows . Adam . Charbonneau . David . Deming . Drake . Laughlin . Gregory . Langton . Jonathan . 2014-07-02 . The 4.5 μm full-orbit phase curve of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b . The Astrophysical Journal . 790 . 1 . 53 . 1405.5923 . 2014ApJ...790...53Z . 10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/53 . 0004-637X . 18882576.
  14. Öztürk . Oǧuz . Erdem . Ahmet . 2019-06-01 . New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 486 . 2 . 2290–2307 . 2019MNRAS.486.2290O . 10.1093/mnras/stz747 . free . 0035-8711.
  15. Chilcote . Jeffrey . Pueyo . Laurent . Rosa . Robert J. De . Vargas . Jeffrey . Macintosh . Bruce . Bailey . Vanessa P. . Barman . Travis . Bauman . Brian . Bruzzone . Sebastian . Bulger . Joanna . Burrows . Adam S. . Cardwell . Andrew . Chen . Christine H. . Cotten . Tara . Dillon . Daren . 2017-03-28 . 1–2.4μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant PlanetβPictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager . The Astronomical Journal . 153 . 4 . 182 . 1703.00011 . 2017AJ....153..182C . 10.3847/1538-3881/aa63e9 . 1538-3881 . free.
  16. Feng . Fabo . Butler . R. Paul . Vogt . Steven S. . Clement . Matthew S. . Tinney . C. G. . Cui . Kaiming . Aizawa . Masataka . Jones . Hugh R. A. . Bailey . J. . Burt . Jennifer . Carter . B. D. . Crane . Jeffrey D. . Dotti . Francesco Flammini . Holden . Bradford . Ma . Bo . 2022-08-26 . 3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 262 . 1 . 21 . 2208.12720 . 2022ApJS..262...21F . 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 . 0067-0049 . free.
  17. Bonomo . A. S. . Dumusque . X. . Massa . A. . Mortier . A. . Bongiolatti . R. . Malavolta . L. . Sozzetti . A. . Buchhave . L. A. . Damasso . M. . Haywood . R. D. . Morbidelli . A. . Latham . D. W. . Molinari . E. . Pepe . F. . Poretti . E. . 2023-09-01 . Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 677 . A33 . 2304.05773 . 2023A&A...677A..33B . 10.1051/0004-6361/202346211 . 0004-6361.
  18. Web site: Planet Compare . 2023-12-10 . NASA Solar System Exploration.
  19. Hurt . Spencer A. . Quinn . Samuel N. . Latham . David W. . Vanderburg . Andrew . Esquerdo . Gilbert A. . Calkins . Michael L. . Berlind . Perry . Angus . Ruth . Latham . Christian A. . Zhou . George . 2021-04-01 . A decade of radial-velocity monitoring of Vega and new limits on the presence of planets . The Astronomical Journal . 161 . 4 . 157 . 2101.08801 . 2021AJ....161..157H . 10.3847/1538-3881/abdec8 . 0004-6256 . free.

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