Honorary citizen of Belgrade is a title awarded by the leadership of Belgrade on behalf of the city.
The title can be awarded to both a citizen of Serbia and any other state, as a politician or statesman, as well as a representative of a non-governmental organization or an artist. A candidate for honorary citizenship of Belgrade must have a contribution to the development of science, art, humanitarian activities, etc., which has helped the development and image of Belgrade, the development of democracy in Serbia and the world. The decision to award the title is made by the City Assembly (Parliament). Candidates are nominated by the City Council or at least 10 councilors.[1]
A person who has received the title of honorary citizen of Belgrade is presented with an official letter on official paper at an official meeting of the Assembly. A citizen of Serbia receives it on City Day, and a representative of another country receives it during their visit to Belgrade.
The first to receive this title was General Peko Dapčević on 19 October 1945, who led the liberation of Belgrade in the autumn of 1944. On Yugoslav Youth Day in 1947, the title were given to the head of the Yugoslav Communist Party, Josip Broz Tito, Fyodor Tolbukhin, marshal of the Soviet Union, and Vladimir Zhdanov, general of the Soviet army.[2]
On 19 July 1954 (the year when the title was officially established), for the first time, the leader of a foreign state, the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, became an honorary citizen of Belgrade. Of the foreign leaders after him, the title was awarded to Jawaharlal Nehru, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Norodom Sihanouk, Leonid Brezhnev and others. Despite the warm relations of Josip Broz Tito with a number of leaders of Western European countries, only Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, became an honorary citizen of Belgrade during his life (and currently the only woman to be assigned this title). Till 1985, honorary citizens of Belgrade were high foreign officials, who were visiting SFR Yugoslavia. After 1985, the title was not awarded for more than 21 years. The title was reintroduced in 2006. Until 2006, an honorary Belgrade citizen could only become someone who was a senior foreign politician, statesman or military leader. Nelson Mandela received it in 2007.
At the beginning of the 21st century, Bill Gates and Michael Schumacher were nominated as candidates for honorary citizens of Belgrade . Serbian historian Aleksandar Životić explained this by the breakdown of the socialist bloc and globalization, in an era in which society chooses new heroes.
In 2015, Nikita Mikhalkov and Peter Handke are the first artists to become honorary citizens of the Serbian capital.
The list includes people who have been awarded the title of honorary citizen of Belgrade.
| Name | Portrait | Date | Notes | Country | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Petar Dapčević (1913—1999) | 20 October 1945 | Lieutenant general of JNA and Order of the People's Hero | ||||
| 2 | Josip Broz Tito (1892—1980) | 25 May 1947 | President of Yugoslavia, Marshal of Yugoslavia and President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | ||||
| 3 | Fyodor Tolbukhin (1894—1949) | Marshal of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria and Order of the People's Hero | |||||
| 4 | Vladimir Zhdanov (1902—1964) | Colonel general of tank troops in the Soviet Armed Forces | |||||
| 5 | Haile Selassie I (1892—1975) | 22 July 1954 | Emperor of Ethiopia | ||||
| 6 | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889—1964) | 24 June 1955 | Prime Minister of India |  India | |||
| 7 | Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918—1970) | 23 July 1956 | President of Egypt |  Egypt | |||
| 8 | Norodom Sihanouk (1922—2012) | 20 September 1959 | King of Cambodia |  Cambodia | |||
| 9 | Leonid Brezhnev (1906—1982) | 20 September 1962 | Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Soviet Union) | ||||
| 10 | Ahmed Ben Bella (1918—2012) | 6 March 1964 | President of Algeria |  Algeria | |||
| 11 | Habib Bourguiba (1903—2000) | 31 March 1965 | President of the Republic of Tunisia |  Tunisia | |||
| 12 | Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904—1966) | 18 July 1965 | Prime Minister of India | India | |||
| 13 | Edvard Kardelj (1910—1979) | 24 January 1970 | federal political leader of SFR Yugoslavia and Order of the People's Hero | ||||
| 14 | Kenneth Kaunda (1924—2021) | 6 May 1970 | President of Zambia |  Zambia | |||
| 15 | Elizabeth II (1952—2022) | 17 October 1972 | Queen of the United Kingdom |  United Kingdom | [3] [4] | ||
| 16 | Edward Gierek (1913—2001) | 8 May 1973 | President of the Polish United Workers' Party | ||||
| 17 | Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918—1989) | 19 September 1976 | President of Romania и General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party | ||||
| 18 | Hua Guofeng (1921—2008) | 22 August 1978 | Premier of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party |  China | |||
| 19 | Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1926—2006) | 17 September 1981 | Emir and thirteenth Sheikh of Kuwait |  Kuwait | |||
| 20 | François Mitterrand (1916—1996) | 16 December 1983 | President of France |  France | |||
| 21 | Kim Il Sung (1912—1994) | 19 June 1984 | president of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea | ||||
| 22 | Li Xiannian (1909—1992) | 4 September 1984 | President of the People's Republic of China | China | |||
| 23 | Miguel de la Madrid (1934—2012) | 26 January 1985 | President of Mexico |  Mexico | |||
| 24 | Julius Nyerere (1922—1999) | 15 March 1985 | President of Tanzania | ||||
| 25 | Nelson Mandela (1918—2013) | 15 May 2007 | President of South Africa |  South Africa | |||
| 26 | Miguel Ángel Moratinos (1951—) | 6 October 2009 | Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs |  Spain | |||
| 27 | Tadashi Nagai (1943—) | 7 June 2010 | Japanese Ambassador to Serbia |  Japan | [5] | ||
| 28 | Li Keqiang (1955—) | 18 December 2014 | Prime Minister of China | China | [6] | ||
| 29 | Nikita Mikhalkov (1945—) | 17 April 2015 | Soviet and Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union | [7] [8] | |||
| 30 | Peter Handke (1942—) | 21 May 2015 | Austrian novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director, screenwriter, Nobel Prize winner |  Austria | |||
| 31 | Thorvald Stoltenberg (1931—2018) | 1 October 2015 | Norwegian politician |  Norway | |||
| 32 | Arne Sannes Bjørnstad (1965—) | 6 December 2016 | Norwegian ambassador for Serbia | Norway | [9] [10] |