List of hemipterans of Sri Lanka explained

Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about two million species of arthropods found in the world, and still is counting.

The following list is about confirmed hemipterans recorded in Sri Lanka, though many new unconfirmed sightings are existent.

Hemipterans

Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera

The Hemiptera order of insects includes the insects commonly known as the true bugs. The order includes planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, cicadas, aphids. More than 70,000 species are distributed worldwide.[1] Most hemipterans are plant sap feeders, some are parasitic, while the rest are predators who attack small insects and small invertebrates. Most species are terrestrial and a few are aquatic. Hemipterans are hemimetabolous, where young are similar to adults in the morphology. Hemipterans are economically important insects, where most of them are agricultural pests and vertebrate parasites.[2]

The following list provide the hemipterans currently identified in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is known to be home for 794 species of hemipterans included to 71 families. Detailed work of Sri Lankan hemipterans are recorded in book Catalogue of Hemiptera of Sri Lanka.[3] Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 families of aphids within order Hemiptera. Two endemic aphid species found on Sri Lanka. Many researches have been carried out by different hemipteran families by local and overseas experts.[4] [5] [6] [7]

In 2009, M. Prashanthini and M. Vinobaba of Eastern University of Sri Lanka carried out experiments on mealybugs and identified 38 species of mealybugs from Sri Lanka with new exotic species.[8] [9] [10] [11] Un updated systematic catalogue of cicadas of South Asia have been published in 2016. According to that, 22 species of cicadas were recorded from Sri Lanka.[12] Chopra and Rustagi in 2012 published the characters of the subfamily Chauliopinae from India and Sri Lanka.[13]

In 2012, B. Vasantharaj David compiled the checklist and diversity of whiteflies of Sri Lanka with new records of seven species and new Pealius species from Sri Lanka.[14] Fourteen species belonging to eight genera of soft scales were identified with two introduced species from Sri Lanka.[15] The provisional checklist of the leafhoppers in Sri Lanka have been compiled by Dr. Rajendramani Gnaneswaran of the department of zoology, University of Jaffna. With her revision, 257 leafhopper species belonging to 120 genera have been identified from Sri Lanka.[16]

Family: Achilidae - achilid planthoppers

Family: Aclerdidae - aclerdid scales

Family: Adelgidae - spruce aphids

Family: Aleyrodidae - whiteflies

Family: Alydidae - broad-headed bugs

Family: Aphalaridae

Family: Aphididae

See main article: List of aphids of Sri Lanka.

Family: Aphrophoridae - spittlebugs

Family: Aradidae - flat bugs

Family: Asterolecaniidae - pit scales

Family: Belostomatidae - giant water bugs

Family: Berytidae - stilt bugs

Family: Caliscelidae - piglet bugs

Family: Calophyidae

Family: Carsidaridae

Family: Cercopidae - froghoppers

Family: [erococcidae - ornate pit scales=== * ''[[Cerococcus albospicatus]]

Family: Cicadellidae - leafhoppers

Family: Cixiidae - cixiid planthoppers

Family: Coccidae - soft scales

Family: Conchaspididae - false armored scales

Family: Coreidae - squash bugs

Family: Corixidae - water boatmen

Family: Cydnidae - burrowing bugs

Family: Cymidae

Family: Dactylopiidae - cochineals

Family: Delphacidae - delphacid planthoppers

Family: Derbidae - derbid planthoppers

Family: Diaspididae - armored scale insects

Family: Dictyopharidae - dictyopharid planthoppers

Family: Dinidoridae

Family: Eriococcidae - felt scales

Family: Eurybrachidae

Family: Flatidae - flatid planthoppers

Family: Fulgoridae - lanternflies

Family: Geocoridae - big-eyed bugs

Family: Gerridae - water striders

Family: Halimococcidae - pupillarial palm scales

Family: Issidae - issid planthoppers

Family: Kerriidae - lac insects

Family: Kinnaridae - kinnarid planthoppers

Family: Largidae - bordered plant bugs

Family: Lecanodiaspididae - false pit scales

Family: Liviidae

Family: Lophopidae

Family: Lygaeidae - milkweed bugs

Family: Machaerotidae - tube spittlebugs

Family: Malcidae

Family: Meenoplidae

Family: Membracidae - typical treehoppers

Family: Miridae - plant bugs

Family: Monophlebidae - giant scales

Family: Naucoridae - creeping water bugs

Family: Nepidae - waterscorpions

Family: Ochteridae - velvety shore bugs

Family: Ortheziidae - ensign scales

Family: Oxycarenidae

Family: Pachygronthidae

Family: Pentatomidae - stink bugs

Family: Plataspidae

Family: Pseudococcidae - mealybugs

Family: Psyllidae - jumping plant lice

Family: Pyrrhocoridae - cotton stainers

Family: Rhyparochromidae - seed bugs

Family: Saldidae - shore bugs

Family: Scutelleridae - jewel bugs

Family: Tettigometridae

Family: Tingidae - lace bugs

Family: Triozidae - jumping plant lice

Family: Tropiduchidae

Family: Ulopidae

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hemiptera...It's a Bug's Life . Natural History Museum . Jon Martin . Mick Webb . 26 July 2010.
  2. Gullan . Penny . Kosztarab . Michael . Adaptations in scale insects . Annual Review of Entomology . 1997 . 42 . 23–50 . 10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.23. 15012306 .
  3. Book: The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation . IUCN . 23 January 2016 . Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. . 9789558177518. 2006 .
  4. Web site: Diaphorocoris punctatissimus (Kirby) . plazi.org . 1 November 2017.
  5. 26295121 . New apterous Carventinae from Sri Lanka and Southern India (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae). Zootaxa. 3647. 488–94. 2013. Heiss. E. Baňař. P. 3. 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.3.6.
  6. Web site: Distribution and Host Range of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka . repository.kln.ac.lk. 1 November 2017.
  7. Web site: Identification of Rastrococcus rubellus Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on mango: a new record to Sri Lanka. . cabdirect.org. 1 November 2017.
  8. Web site: First record of new exotic Mealybug species, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its Host range and abundance in the Eastern Sri Lanka. . Eastern University of Sri Lanka . 1 November 2017.
  9. Web site: Occurrence, distribution and control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien pest in Sri Lanka . Eastern University of Sri Lanka . 1 November 2017.
  10. Web site: Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka . Research Gate . 1 November 2017.
  11. Mealybugs species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka . Tropical Agricultural Research. 25. 69. 10.4038/tar.v25i1.8031 . 2015. Sirisena. U.G.A.I.. Watson. G.W.. Hemachandra. K.S.. Wijayagunasekara. H.N.P.. free.
  12. The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: an annotated provisional catalogue, regional checklist and bibliography . 5018104 . 27660527 . 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8051 . 4 . 2016 . Biodivers Data J . 4 . e8051 . Price . BW . Allan . EL . Marathe . K . Sarkar . V . Simon . C . Kunte . K . free .
  13. The subfamily Chauliopinae of India and Sri Lanka (Hemiptera : Malcidae) . 10.1080/00305316.1982.10434324 . 16 . 1982 . Oriental Insects . 19–28 . Chopra . N.P. . Rustagi . K.B..
  14. Aleyrodid (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) fauna of Sri Lanka with description of a new species . 10.1080/00305316.2008.10417560 . 42 . 2008 . Oriental Insects . 349–358 . David . B. Vasantharaj . Kumar Dubey . Anil. 84970994 .
  15. Book: link.springer.com. 10.1007/978-981-10-1518-2_17 . Diversity of Soft Scale Insects (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) in Sri Lanka . Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics . 285–295. 2016 . Sirisena . U. G. A. I . Watson. G. W. Hemachandra. K. S. Wijayagunasekara. H. N. P. 978-981-10-1517-5.
  16. Web site: Provisional Checklist of the Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Sri Lanka . 1 November 2017.

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