List of heads of state of Haiti explained

This article lists the heads of state of Haiti[1] since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom in 1811, and the southern Republic. Between 1822 and 1844 the reunified Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo.

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

PortraitName
Term of officePartyTitle(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
Toussaint Louverture
1 January 17916 May 1802Independent
Post vacant (6 May 1802 – 1 January 1804)
1Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1 January 180422 September 1804IndependentGovernor-General of Haiti

Divided Haiti (1806–1820)

North Haiti (1806–1820)

Kingdom of Haiti (Monarchy of Henry I, 1811–1820)

Republic of Haiti (1806–1849)

PortraitName
Term of officePartyTitle(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
South Haiti (1806–1820)
3Alexandre Pétion
17 October 180629 March 1818Independent
4Jean-Pierre Boyer
30 March 181818 October 1820IndependentPresident for Life
Reunified Haiti (1820–1849)
Jean-Pierre Boyer
18 October 182013 February 1843IndependentPresident for Life
5Charles Rivière-Hérard
4 April 18433 May 1844IndependentPresident
6Philippe Guerrier
3 May 184415 April 1845IndependentPresident
7Jean-Louis Pierrot
16 April 18451 March 1846IndependentPresident
8Jean-Baptiste Riché
1 March 184627 February 1847IndependentPresident
9Faustin Soulouque
2 March 184726 August 1849IndependentPresident

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

Status
PortraitName
ElectedTerm of officePartyTitle(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
10Fabre Geffrard
—22 January 185913 March 1867IndependentPresident
—Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget
—13 March 18674 May 1867IndependentProvisional President
11Sylvain Salnave
—4 May 186727 December 1869IndependentPresident
12Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget
—27 December 186914 May 1874Liberal PartyPresident
—Council of Secretaries of State—14 May 187414 June 1874IndependentCouncil of Secretaries of State
13Michel Domingue
—14 June 187415 April 1876National Party[2] President
14Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
—23 April 187617 July 1879Liberal Party
—Public Order Committee—17 July 187926 July 1879Independent
—Joseph Lamothe
—26 July 18793 October 1879IndependentProvisional President
—Florvil Hyppolite
—3 October 187926 October 1879National PartyProvisional President
15Lysius Salomon
—26 October 187910 August 1888National PartyPresident
—Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
—10 August 188816 October 1888Liberal PartyProvisional President
16François Denys Légitime
—16 October 188823 August 1889Liberal PartyPresident
—Monpoint Jeune
—23 August 188917 October 1889IndependentProvisional President
17Florvil Hyppolite
—17 October 188924 March 1896National PartyPresident
18Tirésias Simon Sam
—31 March 189612 May 1902National PartyPresident
—Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
—26 May 190217 December 1902Liberal PartyProvisional President
19Pierre Nord Alexis
—21 December 19022 December 1908MilitaryPresident
—Commission for Public Order—2 December 19086 December 1908Independent
20François C. Antoine Simon
—6 December 19082 August 1911[3] Liberal PartyPresident
21Cincinnatus Leconte
—15 August 19118 August 1912[4] National PartyPresident
22Tancrède Auguste
—8 August 19122 May 1913National PartyPresident
23Michel Oreste
—12 May 191327 January 1914[5] IndependentPresident
—Edmond Polynice
—27 January 19148 February 1914[6] MilitaryProvisional President
24Oreste Zamor
—8 February 191429 October 1914MilitaryPresident
—Edmond Polynice
—29 October 19146 November 1914MilitaryProvisional President
25Joseph Davilmar Théodore
—7 November 191422 February 1915MilitaryPresident
26Vilbrun Guillaume Sam
—25 February 191528 July 1915MilitaryPresident
—Revolutionary Committee—28 July 191511 August 1915Independent
27Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave
—12 August 191515 May 1922IndependentPresident
28Louis Borno
—15 May 192215 May 1930 yearsIndependentPresident
29Louis Eugène Roy
—15 May 193018 November 1930IndependentPresident
30Sténio Vincent
—18 November 193015 May 1941IndependentPresident
31Élie Lescot
—15 May 194111 January 1946Liberal PartyPresident
32Franck Lavaud
—11 January 194616 August 1946MilitaryChairman of the Military Executive Committee
33Dumarsais Estimé
—16 August 194610 May 1950IndependentPresident
34Franck Lavaud
—10 May 19506 December 1950MilitaryChairman of the Government Junta
35Paul Magloire
19506 December 195012 December 1956Peasant Worker MovementPresident
36Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
—12 December 19563 February 1957IndependentProvisional President
37Franck Sylvain
—7 February 19572 April 1957IndependentProvisional President
—Léon Cantave
—2 April 19576 April 1957MilitaryActing President
—Executive Government Council—6 April 195720 May 1957IndependentExecutive Government Council
—Léon Cantave
—20 May 195725 May 1957MilitaryActing President
—Daniel Fignolé
—25 May 195714 June 1957Peasant Worker MovementProvisional President
38Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau
—14 June 195722 October 1957MilitaryChairman of the Military Council

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Symbols Presidential referendum
Constitutional referendum
PortraitName
ElectedTerm of officePartyTitle(s)
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
39François Duvalier
1957
22 October 195721 April 1971† [7] [8] National Unity Party
40Jean-Claude Duvalier
21 April 19717 February 1986National Unity PartyPresident for Life

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)

Symbols Indirect election
  • Status
    • PortraitName
    		ElectedTerm of officePartyTitle(s)
    Took officeLeft officeTime in office
    41Henri Namphy
    		—7 February 19867 February 1988 yearsMilitaryPresident of the National Council of Government
    42Leslie Manigat
    		19887 February 198820 June 1988Rally of Progressive National DemocratsPresident
    Henri Namphy
    		—20 June 198817 September 1988MilitaryPresident
    43Prosper Avril
    		—17 September 198810 March 1990MilitaryPresident
    —Hérard Abraham
    		—10 March 199013 March 1990MilitaryActing President
    —Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
    		—13 March 19907 February 1991IndependentProvisional President
    44Jean-Bertrand Aristide
    		1990–917 February 199129 September 1991Struggling People's OrganizationPresident
    —Raoul Cédras
    		—29 September 19918 October 1991MilitaryCommander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
    —Joseph Nérette
    		—8 October 199119 June 1992IndependentProvisional President
    —Council of Ministers
    		—19 June 199215 June 1993Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in HaitiCouncil of Ministers
    Jean-Bertrand Aristide
    		—15 June 199312 May 1994Struggling People's OrganizationPresident
    —Émile Jonassaint
    		—12 May 199412 October 1994IndependentProvisional President
    Jean-Bertrand Aristide
    		—12 October 19947 February 1996Struggling People's OrganizationPresident
    45René Préval
    		19957 February 19967 February 2001 yearsFanmi LavalasPresident
    Jean-Bertrand Aristide
    		20007 February 200129 February 2004Fanmi LavalasPresident
    —Boniface Alexandre
    		—29 February 200414 May 2006IndependentProvisional President
    René Préval
    		200614 May 200614 May 2011 yearsLespwa
    		President
    Inite
    46Michel Martelly
    		2010–1114 May 20117 February 2016Repons PeyizanPresident
    —Council of Ministers
    		—7 February 201614 February 2016Democratic Alliance PartyCouncil of Ministers
    —Jocelerme Privert
    		14 February 20167 February 2017IniteProvisional President
    47Jovenel Moïse
    		2016 (Nov)7 February 20177 July 2021†Haitian Tèt Kale PartyPresident
    —Council of Ministers
    		—7 July 202120 July 2021IndependentCouncil of Ministers
    —Council of Ministers
    		—20 July 202124 April 2024IndependentCouncil of Ministers
    —Transitional Presidential Council
    		—25 April 2024IncumbentIndependentTransitional Presidential Council

    See also

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Haitian Heads of State. 2021-07-09. Embassy of Haiti, Washington, D.C.. en-US. 24 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210724213921/https://www.haiti.org/heads-of-state/. live.
    2. Book: Stieber, Chelsea. Haiti's Paper War: Post-Independence Writing, Civil War, and the Making of the Republic, 1804–1954. August 18, 2020. NYU Press. 978-1-4798-0215-9. en.
    3. Web site: HAITIAN REBELS WIN; SIMON NOW AN EXILE; Six Are Killed in a Riot as President Embarks -- His Daughter Is Hurt.. 3 August 1911. The New York Times. 7 July 2022. 7 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220707120504/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/08/03/archives/haitian-rebels-win-simon-now-an-exile-six-are-killed-in-a-riot-as.html. live.
    4. Web site: EXPLOSION KILLS HAITIAN PRESIDENT; Leconte Perishes in Destruction of His Palace -- 400 Others Killed or Injured.. 9 August 1912. The New York Times. 9 July 2021. 10 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210710012244/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/08/09/archives/explosion-kills-haitian-president-leconte-perishes-in-destruction.html. live.
    5. Web site: HAITI'S PRESIDENT FLEES TO WARSHIP; Fighting in Capital -- Our Bluejackets Land -- Battleship Is Rushing to Port au Prince.. 28 January 1914. The New York Times. 7 July 2022. 7 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115338/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/01/28/archives/haitis-president-flees-to-warship-fighting-in-capital-our.html. live.
    6. Book: François Pacquement, Margaux Lombard . L'histoire de l'AFD en Haïti.: A la recherche de la juste distance . Numilog . 2018 . 48. 9782811119751 .
    7. Web site: Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President. 23 April 1971. Homer Bigart. The New York Times. 9 July 2021. 24 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211024071634/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html. live.
    8. Web site: Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty. 23 April 1971. Albin Krebs. The New York Times. 7 July 2022. 17 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220717015719/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html. live.

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