This is a list of heads of state and government in any country who were military personnel. It does not include people who served in the military as part of mandatory peacetime military service or those who only held rank due to their position in government.
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghan mujahideen | Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1995–1996) | 1979–1992 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War. | |||
| President of Finland (1994-2000) | Reserve Captain | |||||
| President of Uganda (1971-1979) | 1946-1979 | Major-General Field Marshal (self-awarded) | ||||
| President of Guatemala (1944-1945; 1951-1954) | 1932–1954 | Colonel | ||||
| President of Turkey (1923–1938) Prime Minister of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1921) | 1893–1919 1921–1927 | Major-General (Ottoman Empire) Marshal (Turkey) | Served in the Italo-Turkish War, Balkan Wars, World War I, and Turkish War of Independence. | |||
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945-1951) | 1914–1919 | Major | Served in World War I. | |||
| Acting President of Burma (1988) | 1952–1985 | Lieutenant-General | ||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Iraq (1968–1979) | 1938–1959 | Brigadier Marshal (as president) | Served in the Anglo-Iraqi War. | |||
| Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001) | 1959–1995 | Lieutenant-General | Served in the Six-Day War, Yom Kippur War, and Operation Entebbe. | |||
| President of Albania (Since 2022) | 1988–2022 | Major-General | ||||
| Prime Minister of Israel (1977–1983) | 1941–1942 1943–1948 | Corporal (Poland) | Served in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine and 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine. | |||
| Prime Minister of Israel (2021–2022) | 1990–1996 2006 | Major | Served in the First Intifada, South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000), Second Intifada, and 2006 Lebanon War. | |||
| President of Rwanda (1994–2000) | 1990–1994 | Served in the Rwandan Patriotic Front during the Rwandan Civil War. | ||||
| President of Brazil (2019–2022) | 1973–1988 | Captain | ||||
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1964-1982) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1977-1982) | 1941–1982 | Major-General (Commissar) Marshal of the Soviet Union (as General Secretary) | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1989–1993) | 1942–1955 | Lieutenant | ||||
| President of the United States (2001–2009) | 1968–1974 | First Lieutenant | ||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republic of China | President of the Republic of China (1923–1924) | General | Served in the First Sino-Japanese War, National Protection War, and Warlord Era. | |||
| President of West Germany (1979–1984) | 1939–1945 | Second Lieutenant | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1977–1981) | 1946–1953 | Lieutenant | ||||
| King of Sweden (1654-1660) | 1642-1660 | Served in the Thirty Years' War Led the Swedish army in the Second Northern War (1655-1660) | ||||
| King of Sweden (1660-1697) | 1660-1697 | Led the Swedish army in the Scanian War (1675-1679) | ||||
| King of Sweden (1697-1718) | 1697-1700 | Led the Swedish army in the Great Northern War (1700-1718) | ||||
| King of Sweden (1809-1818) King of Norway (1814-1818) | Admiral | Led the Swedish fleet (albeit mostly just nominally) in the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) | ||||
| Prince of Pontecorvo (1805-1809) King of Sweden and Norway (1818-1844) | 1780-1809 (France) 1809-1814 (Sweden) | Marshal of France (France) Generalissimo (Sweden) | Raised to the highest ranks in the revolutionary and Napoelonic armies of France Led the Swedish army in the last years of the Napoleonic Wars (War of the Sixth Coalition) and in the Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) | |||
| King of the United Kingdom (2022–present) | 1971–1976 | Commander Admiral of the Fleet (as Prince of Wales) | ||||
| Premier of the Republic of China (1931) | Also a leader of the Fujian People's Government. | |||||
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1984-1985) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1984-1985) | 1930–1933 | |||||
| Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1948) President of the Republic of China (1948–1949, 1950–1975) Premier of the Republic of China (1930–1931, 1935–1938, 1939–1945, 1947) | 1909–1975 | Generalissimo | Leader of Nationalist Chinese forces during the Northern Expedition, Chinese Civil War, and World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955) | 1893–1924 | Lieutenant-Colonel | ||||
| President of France (1954–1959) | 1914–1918 | Served in World War I. | ||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist China | Paramount leader of China (1978–1989) Secretary-General of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party (1956–1967) | 1929–1952 1975–1980 | Chief of the General Staff | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | ||
| Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986) President of Liberia (1986–1990) | 1969–1985 | Came to power in a coup d'etat. | ||||
| Communist China | Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1972–1975) | 1927–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
Republic of China | President of the Republic of China (1926) Premier of the Republic of China (1926) | 1902–1933 | Admiral | Served in the Chinese Civil War. | ||
Republic of China | Chief Executive of the Republic of China (1924–1926) Premier of the Republic of China (1916–1917, 1917, 1918) | 1885–1926 | General | Served in the Boxer Rebellion and Warlord Era. | ||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the United States (1953–1961) | 1915–1953 1961–1969 | Commander of American forces on Western Front during World War II. | ||||
| President of Portugal (1976–1986) | 1952–1986 | General | ||||
| Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941) | 1915–1942 | Major-General General (posthumous) | ||||
| Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022) | 1945 | Junior Commander | Served in World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Sweden (1948-1968) | Reserve Lieutenant | |||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republic of China | President of the Republic of China (1917–1918) | General officer | Served in the National Protection War. | |||
| President of the United States (1974–1977) | 1942–1946 | Lieutenant Commander | Served in World War II. | |||
| King of Sweden (1720-1751) | 1703-1706 1716-1718 | Lieutenant General (Hesse-Kassel) Generalissimo (Sweden) | Lead Hessian troops in the War of the Spanish Succession. Joined the campaign of Charles XII of Sweden against Norway in the last years of the Great Northern War | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader of Libya (1969–2011) | 1961–2011 | Colonel | ||||
| President of France (1959–1969) Prime Minister of France (1958–1959) Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946) | 1912–1944 | Brigadier-General | Served in World War I. Leader of Free France. | |||
| King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952) | 1913–1919 | Squadron Leader Admiral of the Fleet (as king) | Served in World War I. | |||
| President of Macedonia (1991–1999) | 1942–1945 | Served in the Yugoslav partisans during World War II. | ||||
| President of the United States (1869–1877) | 1839–1854 1861–1869 | Commanding General of the Union Army in the American Civil War. | ||||
| President of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953) Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1946–1948) | 1915–1920 | Corporal | Served in World War I and Hungarian–Czechoslovak War.[1] [2] | |||
| King of Sweden (1611-1632) | 1611-1632 | Led the Swedish army in the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) and the Thirty Years' War | ||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Rwanda (1973–1994) | 1963–1994 | Served during the Rwandan Civil War. | ||||
| President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1986–1987) | 1941–1944 | Served in the Yugoslav partisans during World War II. | ||||
| Premier of the Republic of China (1949) | 1908–1987 | General | Served during the Northern Expedition, Chinese Civil War, and World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1993–1994, 1996–1997) | 1979–present | Serving in the Afghanistan conflict (1978–present). | ||||
| President of El Salvador (1931–1934, 1935–1944) | 1899–1944 | Brigadier General | Served in the Third Totoposte War | |||
| President of Israel (1983–1993) | 1943–1947 1948–1962 | Major (United Kingdom) Major-General (Israel) | Served in World War II and the 1948 Palestine war. | |||
| President of Israel (2021–present) | 1978 | Major | ||||
| President of Germany (1925–1934) | 1866–1911 1914–1918 | Field Marshal | Commander of the Imperial German Army during World War I. | |||
| Führer of Germany (1934–1945) Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945) | 1914–1918 | Corporal | Served in World War I. | |||
| First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania (1941–1985) Prime Minister of Albania (1944–1954) | 1941–1945 1944–1985 | General | Leader of Albanian communist partisans during World War II. | |||
| Communist China | Premier of the People's Republic of China (1976–1980) Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (1976–1981) | 1938–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
| Communist China | General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1982–1987) | 1927–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. Also participated in the encirclement campaigns. Child soldier. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Poland (1989-1990) Prime Minister of Poland (1981-1985) | 1943–1991 | General | Served in World War II. | |||
Republic of China | Premier of the Republic of China (1917) | General | ||||
Republic of China | Premier of the Republic of China (1919–1920, 1920–1921) | General | ||||
| President of the United States (1865–1869) | 1862–1865 | Brigadier General | ||||
| President of the United States (1963–1969) | 1941–1942 | Commander | Served in World War II. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001) | Served in the Simba Rebellion and First Congo War. | |||||
| President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019) | Major-General | |||||
| President of Rwanda (2000–present) | 1979–2000 | Served in the Ugandan Bush War. Commanded the Rwandan Patriotic Front during the Rwandan Civil War. | ||||
| President of Finland (1956-1981) | 1918 | Sergeant (1920) | Served on the 'White' side in the Finnish Civil War in 1918. | |||
| President of the United States (1961–1963) | 1941–1945 | Lieutenant | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of Iran (1997–2005) | 1968–1970 | Second Lieutenant | ||||
| Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004) | 1960–2004 | General | ||||
| First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953-1964) Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1958-1964) | 1941–1945 | Lieutenant-General (Commissar) | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1980) | 1941–1980 | Major-General | Served in the Yugoslav partisans during World War II. | |||
| President of Germany (2004–2010) | 1963–1965 | Reserve Lieutenant | ||||
| President of Finland (1982-1994) | 1939-1944 | Corporal | Served in the Winter War and the Continuation War. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister of Sweden (1906-1911 and 1928-1930) | 1882–1892 | Reserve Rear-Admiral | ||||
| Communist China | President of the People's Republic of China (1983–1988) | 1927–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
Republic of China | President of the Republic of China (1916–1917, 1922–1923) | 1889–1912 | Served in the First Sino-Japanese War. | |||
| Communist China | Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1959–1968) | 1941–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
| President of Belarus (1994–present) | 1994–present | Lieutenant-Colonel | ||||
| President of West Germany (1959–1969) | 1914–1918 | Captain | Served in World War I. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regent of Finland (1918-1919) President of Finland (1944–1946) | 1891-1917 (Russia) 1918, 1939-1944 (Finland) | Lieutenant-General (Russia) Marshal of Finland (Finland) | Served in World War I for Imperial Russia. Led the Finnish government armed forces (the "White" forces) in the Finnish Civil War, led the Finnish armed forces in the Winter War, Continuation War, Lapland War | |||
| Communist China | Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (1943–1976) Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1949–1959) | 1927–1949 | Led Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Burma (1977–1988) | 1941–1948 | Colonel | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1897–1901) | 1861–1865 | Brevet Major | Served in American Civil War. | |||
| President of Russia (2008-2012) Prime Minister of Russia (2012-2020) | 2008-2012 | Colonel | ||||
| Chairman of the State Administration Council (2021–present) Prime Minister of Myanmar (2021–present) | 1972–present | Senior General | ||||
| President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965–1971) President of Zaire (1971–1997) | 1949–1997 | NCO Field Marshal (as president) | Served in the Congo Crisis and First Congo War. | |||
| President of Albania (2002–2007) | 1949–1985 | General | ||||
| Afghan mujahideen | President of Afghanistan (1992) | 1979–1992 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War. | |||
| President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1987–1988) | 1941–1945 | Served in the Yugoslav partisans during World War II. | ||||
| President of Uganda (1986–present) | 1971–2004 | General (as president) | Served in the 1972 invasion of Uganda, Uganda–Tanzania War, Ugandan Bush War, First Congo War, and Second Congo War. | |||
| President of Myanmar (2018, 2021–present) | Lieutenant-General | 1971–2010 | ||||
| General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986–1992) | Major-General (KHAD) General (as General Secretary) | 1965–1992 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Burma (1962–1981) Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960, 1962–1974) | 1931–1974 | General | Served in World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1969-1974) | 1942-1946 | Commander | Served in World War II. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Uganda (1985–1986) | 1940–1971 1979–1986 | General | Served in World War II, the 1972 invasion of Uganda, Uganda–Tanzania War, and the Ugandan Bush War. | |||
| President of Uganda (1985) | 1950–1971 1979–1986 | Lieutenant-General | Served in the 1972 invasion of Uganda, Uganda–Tanzania War, and Ugandan Bush War. | |||
| Prime Minister of Finland (2023-) | Reserve Captain | |||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister of Sweden (1969-1976, 1982-1986) | Reserve Captain | |||||
| President of the Czech Republic (2023–present) | 1983–2018 | General | Served in United Nations Protection Force during which he led a military operation which save over 50 French soldiers. | |||
| Prime Minister of Poland (1926-1928) Chief of State (1918–1922) | 1914–1935 | Commander of Polish Legions in World War I. | ||||
| Plaek Phibunsongkhram | Prime Minister of Thailand(1938-1944; 1948-1957) | 1914-1957 | ||||
| President of Chile (1974–1990) President of the Government Junta of Chile (1973–1981) | 1931–1998 | Captain General | ||||
| President of Russia (1999-2008; 2012-current) Prime Minister of Russia (2008-2012) | 2000–present | Colonel (KGB) | ||||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state of Afghanistan (1978) | Colonel-General | 1962–1989 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War. | |||
| Iraq | Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963) | 1932–1963 | Major-General | Served in World War II. | ||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghan mujahideen | President of Afghanistan (1992–2001) | 1979–1992 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War. | |||
| Prime Minister of Israel (1974–1977, 1992–1995) | 1948–1974 | Lieutenant-General | Served in the Syria–Lebanon campaign, Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, 1948 Palestine war, and Six-Day War. | |||
| President of Bulgaria (2017-current) | 1987–2017 | Major general | ||||
| President of the United States (1981–1989) | 1942–1945 | Captain | Served on American Theater of World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1901–1909) | 1882–1886 | Colonel | Served in Spanish–American War. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republic of China | Premier of the Republic of China (1920) | 1869–1946 | Admiral | Served in the National Protection War. | ||
| President of Burma (1981–1988) | General | 1942–1980 | ||||
| Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (1988–1992) Prime Minister of Burma (1988–1992) | Senior General | 1945–1992 | ||||
| President of West Germany (1974–1979) | 1939–1945 | First Lieutenant | Served as combat pilot during World War II.[3] | |||
| Prime Minister of Burma (1974–1977) | 1943–1988 | Brigadier-General | ||||
| Prime Minister of Burma (1974–1977) | 1942–1972 | Brigadier-General | Served in World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006) | 1948–1974 | Major-General | Served in the 1948 Palestine war, Suez Crisis, Six-Day War, and Yom Kippur War. | |||
| Prime Minister of Albania (1954–1981) | 1936–1939 1942–1948 | General | Served in the Spanish Civil War, Albanian partisan leader during World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Finland (2015-2019) | Reserve Captain | |||||
| President of Burma (1948–1952) | Served in World War I. | |||||
| Prime Minister of Myanmar (2004–2007) | General | 1965–2007 | ||||
| President of Czechoslovakia (1968–1975) | 1915–1950 | General | Served in World War I and Commanded Czechoslovak units on Eastern front during World War II. | |||
| Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938) | 1914-1938 | General | Served in World War I and commanded Czechoslovak Legion in Russia. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (1992–2011) Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003) | Senior General | |||||
| President of Myanmar (2011–2016) Prime Minister of Myanmar (2007–2010) First Secretary of the State Peace and Development Council (2004–2007) | Senior General | |||||
| First Secretary of the State Peace and Development Council (2007–2010) | General | |||||
| President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980) Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1944–1963) | 1913–1915 1918–1920 1941–1980 | Marshal (as president) | Served in World War I and the Russian Civil War, led the Yugoslav partisans during World War II. | |||
| President of the United States (1945–1953) | 1917–1919 | Colonel | Served in World War I. | |||
| President of Croatia (1990–1999) | 1942–1961 1995–1999 | Served in the Yugoslav partisans during World War II, led Croatian forces during the Croatian War of Independence. | ||||
| Prime Minister of Burma (1988) | Brigadier-General | |||||
| Rafael Trujillo | Generalissimo of the Dominican Republic (1934-1961)President of the Dominican Republic (1930-1938; 1942-1952) | 1916-1961 | Generalissmo | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the United States (1789–1797) | 1752–1799 | |||||
| President of the Republic of China (Reorganized National Government, 1940–1944) Premier of the Republic of China (1932–1935) | 1940–1944 | Generalissimo | Led collaborationist Chinese forces during World War II. | |||
| President of Israel (1993–2000) | 1942–1945 1946–1969 | Major-General | Served in World War II, the 1948 Palestine War, Suez Crisis, Six-Day War, and War of Attrition. | |||
| President of Germany (1984–1994) | 1938–1945 | Captain | Served in World War II.[4] | |||
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1828–1830, 1834) | 1787–1852 | Field Marshal | Served in the French Revolutionary Wars, Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Maratha-Nizam War, Cotiote War, Second Anglo-Maratha War and the Napoleonic Wars, most notably at the Battle of Waterloo. | |||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist China | President of the People's Republic of China (1988–1993) | 1931–1949 | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||
Communist China | Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1978–1983) | 1917–1985 | Lieutenant-General (Republic of China) Marshal (People's Republic of China) | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. Also participated in the Nanchang uprising. | ||
Republic of China | Emperor of China (1915–1916) President of the Republic of China (1912–1915, 1916) Prime Minister of the Qing Dynasty (1911–1912) | 1881–1916 | Generalissimo | Served in the First Sino-Japanese War and National Protection War. | ||
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957) Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953) | 1914–1918 | Served in World War I.[5] | |||||
Republic of China | Premier of the Republic of China (1923) | ||||||
Republic of China | Generalissimo of the Military Government of China (1927–1928) | 1900–1928 | Grand Marshal Generalissimo | Served in the First Sino-Japanese War, Boxer Rebellion, Warlord Era, and Northern Expedition. | |||
| Communist China | General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989) Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987) | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. | |||||
Communist China | Premier of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976) | 1937–1949 | Lieutenant general (Republic of China) | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. Also served in the Northern Expedition, encirclement campaigns, and Nanchang uprising. | |||
Republic of China | President of the Republic of China (1922) | ||||||
Communist China | Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1975–1976) | 1927–1976 | General (Republic of China) Marshal (People's Republic of China) | Served in Communist Chinese forces during the Chinese Civil War and World War II. Also served in the Northern Expedition and encirclement campaigns. |
This list includes leaders of countries that were or are self-proclaimed as independent, but were or are neither members nor observers of the United Nations.
| Portrait | Name | Countries | Official position | Service | Rank in military | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (2016–present) | until 1992 1996–2001 | Leader of the Taliban. Served during the Soviet–Afghan War, Afghan Civil War (1996–2001), and War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). | |||||
| President of South Ossetia (2017–2022) | Lieutenant-General | 1988–2008 | |||||
| Head of the Luhansk People's Republic (2014) | Senior Sergeant | 1988–1990 2014–2017 | |||||
| Prime Minister of Kosovo (2006–2008) | before 1991–1999 1999–2001 | Served during the Croatian War of Independence and in the Kosovo Liberation Army during the Kosovo War. | |||||
| Premier of Taiwan (1950–1954, 1958–1963) | General | 1924–1950 | Served during the Northern Expedition, Chinese Civil War, and World War II. | ||||
| President of Taiwan (1978–1988) Premier of Taiwan (1972–1978) | General | 1937–1968 | |||||
| President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–1996) | Major-General | 1962–1990 1991–1996 | Served in the Soviet–Afghan War and First Chechen War. | ||||
| Prime Minister of Kosovo (2004–2005, 2017–2020) | 1996–2000 | Served in the Kosovo Liberation Army. | |||||
| Premier of Taiwan (1990–1993) | Senior General | 1938–1989 | Served during the Chinese Civil War, World War II, and the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. | ||||
| President of Transnistria (2016–present) | Major-General | 1988–2012 | |||||
| President of Taiwan (1988–2000) | Second Lieutenant | 1944–1945 | Served in World War II. | ||||
| President of Taiwan (2008–2016) | Lieutenant | 1972–1974 | |||||
| President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1997–2005) | Colonel (Soviet Union) | 1972–1992 1992–2005 | Served in the First Chechen War and Second Chechen War. | ||||
| Afghan mujahideen | Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (1996–2005) | 1979–1991 1994–2013 | Founder and leader of the Taliban. Served during the Soviet–Afghan War and Afghan Civil War (1992–1996). | ||||
| Head of the Luhansk People's Republic (2014–2017) | Major | 1982–1991 2014 | |||||
| Afghan mujahideen | Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1996–2001) | 1979–1991 | Served during the Soviet–Afghan War. | ||||
| Prime Minister of Kosovo (2002–2004) | 1999 | Served in the Kosovo Liberation Army during the Kosovo War. | |||||
| Premier of Taiwan (2000) | Senior General | 1944–1999 | Served during the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis. | ||||
| President of Kosovo (2016–2020) Prime Minister of Kosovo (1999–2000, 2008–2014) | 1993–1999 | Served in the Kosovo Liberation Army during the Kosovo War. | |||||
| Premier of Taiwan (1949–1950) | General | 1911–1949 | Served during the Northern Expedition, Central Plains War, Chinese Civil War, and World War II. | ||||
| Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (2014–2018) | Major-General | 2014–2018 |